An analysis of the social unit of participation and the perceived psychological outcomes associated with most enjoyable recreation activities

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Allen ◽  
Mary Ann Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recreation Activities

Of Children, Adults, and Tomorrow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal J. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adult Society ◽  
Emotion And Affect

Continuing with the discussion of sacrifice and gender that was a major element of the previous chapter, this chapter argues that emotive constructs are moral contracts that both derive from and shape society as a pious community. As such, emotion is related to virtue and is therefore aspirational. In the makeup of the social unit, morale serves as an indicator of the condition and functioning of individual bodies within the group and of the collective disposition to which the group aspires in acknowledgment of morale’s social vitality. Morale becomes linked to aspiration for a better future, one populated by finer individuals, including oneself. As such, the quest for morale becomes imbricated in the desire to shape childhood and to use children to shape adult society. Drawing together the data, methodologies, and analysis of the previous chapters, the final chapter sharpens conclusions concerning the ways in which children stand in for adults in a variety of ways and how adult anxieties and aspirations are projected upon and experienced through children, transforming them into repositories of adult intentionalities. In the process, the visual image becomes the site of the performance, emotion, and affect.

Sense of belonging based on novel posting

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Chao Guo ◽  
Zhi-Chao Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social

Purpose – Although novel posting is a universal phenomenon in virtual communities (VCs), few studies have addressed the benefits of novel posting for group members. The purpose of this paper is to identify the social and psychological outcomes of novel posting, particularly whether and how sense of belonging can be produced by it. Sense of belonging implies an individual’s integration or assimilation into virtual groups. Design/methodology/approach – To assess the theoretical model, a survey was administered in an internet discussion community (Baidu Post Bar in China), and structural equation modeling was then used to test the model. Findings – Novel posting can produce social and psychological outcomes, such as social interaction ties, group-based self-esteem and sense of belonging. Novel posting is an individualized behavior, which some studies consider to conflict with sense of belonging; however, via the mediating effects of social interaction ties and group-based self-esteem, sense of belonging can also arise based on novel posting. Practical implications – VC operators should focus on differentiating between irrational posts and novel posts and encourage the latter. Additionally, to satisfy members’ needs, VC operators should strengthen the degree of social interaction ties and members’ self-esteem by providing attractive topics and virtual rankings. Originality/value – This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the social and psychological outcomes of novel posting and, more importantly, whether and how sense of belonging arises on the basis of individualized behavior.

scholarly journals Mortality risk and social network position in resident killer whales: sex differences and the importance of resource abundance

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1865) ◽  
pp. 20171313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ellis ◽  
D. W. Franks ◽  
S. Nattrass ◽  
M. A. Cant ◽  
M. N. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life History ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Evolution

An individual's ecological environment affects their mortality risk, which in turn has fundamental consequences for life-history evolution. In many species, social relationships are likely to be an important component of an individual's environment, and therefore their mortality risk. Here, we examine the relationship between social position and mortality risk in resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) using over three decades of social and demographic data. We find that the social position of male, but not female, killer whales in their social unit predicts their mortality risk. More socially integrated males have a significantly lower risk of mortality than socially peripheral males, particularly in years of low prey abundance, suggesting that social position mediates access to resources. Male killer whales are larger and require more resources than females, increasing their vulnerability to starvation in years of low salmon abundance. More socially integrated males are likely to have better access to social information and food-sharing opportunities which may enhance their survival in years of low salmon abundance. Our results show that observable variation in the social environment is linked to variation in mortality risk, and highlight how sex differences in social effects on survival may be linked to sex differences in life-history evolution.

The hearthhold in pastoral Fulbe society, central Mali: social relations, milk and drought

Africa ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Units

AbstractIn pastoral Fulbe society in central Mali women had and in some degree still have an important social and economic role, concentrated on a milk economy organised through a special female-headed, women-centred unit called by the Fulbe fayannde, or ‘hearthhold’. In a society of semi-nomadic pastoralists who live most of the year in small social units, social relations and networks are very important, perhaps even crucial to the success of their main survival strategy, which is transhumant cattle-keeping. In the literature on the Fulbe this social unit has received relatively little attention. An analysis from the perspective of the ‘hearthhold’ sheds new light on property and gender relations in Fulbe society in general.Drought has had an enormous impact on the situation of the Jallube studied in this article. Economic change—a switch to agriculture and production for the market—has brought about a shift of focus for the men. Economically, milk is no longer essential for them, and hence the fayannde loses its importance; socially, too, the role of the fayannde, as symbolised by milk, is changing. For women the erosion of the fayannde is serious: an analysis of marriage gifts shows how important the fayannde is not only to the social organisation of the Jallube but also to their economic viability. In times of stress this importance may be greater for women than for men. The decline of the fayannde may lead to a transformation of gender relations, the marriage ceremony and women's social security—changes that the return of the rains or the re-establishment of herds may not reverse.

The social unit of chimpanzees

Primates ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Itani ◽  
Akira Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Social Unit ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Calves as social hubs: dynamics of the social network within sperm whale units

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1763) ◽  
pp. 20131113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Gero ◽  
Jonathan Gordon ◽  
Hal Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
The Social

It is hypothesized that the primary function of permanent social relationships among female sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus ) is to provide allomothers for calves at the surface while mothers make foraging dives. In order to investigate how reciprocity of allocare within units of sperm whales facilitates group living, we constructed weighted social networks based on yearly matrices of associations (2005–2010) and correlated them across years, through changes in age and social role, to study changes in social relationships within seven sperm whale units. Pairs of association matrices from sequential years showed a greater positive correlation than expected by chance, but as the time lag increased, the correlation coefficients decreased. Over all units considered, calves had high values for all measured network statistics, while mothers had intermediate values for most of the measures, but high values for connectedness and affinity. Mothers showed sharp drops in strength and connectedness in the first year of their new calves' lives. These broad patterns appear to be consistent across units. Calves appeared to be significant nodes in the network of the social unit, and thus provide quantitative support for the theory in which communal care acts as the evolutionary force behind group formation in this species.

scholarly journals Folk Knowledge in Maintaining Group Integration and Socio-economic Intimacy among the Arsi-Robe Peasants

IJOHMN ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 34-60
Author(s):  
Yeshaw Tesema Yideg ◽  
Yosef Beco Dubi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Folk Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Integration ◽  
Cultural Roles

The purpose of this article is to analyze the folk knowledge in maintaining folk group integration and socio-economic intimacy among the Arsi-Robe peasants. The significance of folk knowledge in folklore of the society in connection with group integration and socio-economic welfare is the case in point. This study employed a field survey research and data gathering method through the participant observation as well as direct interview. In order to obtain the substantial folkloristic data from local sources (people, occasions, or other settings), the researchers had familiarized with the social behavior and local environment of each locality. As far as the findings of this study are concerned, two points may be underscored here. People are customarily designated to take part in group-driven occupational habits like däbo and wänfä. Amongst the Arsi-Robe traditional society, if people isolate themselves from communal works, they are criticized, if not ostracized and excluded from the mainstream social and cultural roles. They also play their potential roles in kinship and kinship-like social relations. Put another way, they make interventions between their own world and a social unit in their vicinities according the collective paradigm set customarily.  

scholarly journals Comparing measures of social complexity: larger mountain gorilla groups do not have a greater diversity of relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1931) ◽  
pp. 20201026
Author(s):  
Robin E. Morrison ◽  
Winnie Eckardt ◽  
Tara S. Stoinski ◽  
Lauren J. N. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Mountain Gorilla ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Unit Size ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
The Social

Social complexity reflects the intricate patterns of social interactions in societies. Understanding social complexity is fundamental for studying the evolution of diverse social systems and the cognitive innovations used to cope with the demands of social life. Social complexity has been predominantly quantified by social unit size, but newer measures of social complexity reflect the diversity of relationships. However, the association between these two sets of measures remains unclear. We used 12 years of data on 13 gorilla groups to investigate how measures of social complexity relate to each other. We found that group size was a poor proxy for relationship diversity and that the social complexity individuals experienced within the same group varied greatly. Our findings demonstrate two fundamental takeaways: first, that the number of relationships and the diversity of those relationships represent separate components of social complexity, both of which should be accounted for; and second, that social complexity measured at the group level may not represent the social complexity experienced by individuals in those groups. These findings suggest that comprehensive studies of social complexity, particularly those relating to the social demands faced by individuals, may require fine-scale social data to allow accurate comparisons across populations and species.

scholarly journals KAJIAN TEORITIS: ANALISIS JARINGAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Sulistiawati
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Network Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Units ◽  
The Relationship

Communication network analysis is one of method that can be used to identify the interaction of individuals in the group. This method not only focused on the individual and the social unit itself, but also the quality of the relationship between social units. This study aims to identify part of communication network concept such as interpersonal communication network. This article contains of  a number of concepts related to interpersonal communication networks. Furthemore, this article try to give some descriptions about some researchs that concern about interpersonal comunication network. Therefore, this study aims to identify indicators that researchers often use in their research.Keyword: Communication network, interpersonal communication

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