Concepts Employed in Labor Force Measurements and Uses of Labor Force Data

1955 ◽  
Vol 50 (271) ◽  
pp. 677-688
Author(s):  
A. Ross Eckler ◽  
Gertrude Bancroft ◽  
Robert Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Force Data

Development of a Force Sensing Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Device

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Alotaibi ◽  
Sohel Anwar ◽  
M. Terry Loghmani ◽  
Stanley Chien
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Stroke Frequency ◽  
Graston Technique ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Soft Tissue Mobilization ◽  
Force Data

Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a form of massage using rigid manufactured or cast devices. The delivered force, which is a critical parameter in massage during IASTM, has not been measured or standardized for most clinical practices. In addition to the force, the angle of treatment and frequency play an important role during IASTM. As a result, there is a strong need to characterize the delivered force to a patient, angle of treatment, and stroke frequency. This paper proposes a novel mechatronic design for a specific instrument from Graston Technique® (Model GT-3), which is a frequently used tool to clinically deliver localize pressure to the soft tissue. The design uses a 3D load cell, which can measure all three force components force simultaneously. The overall design is implemented with an IMUduino microcontroller chip which can also measure tool orientation angles and provide computed stroke frequency. The prototype of the mechatronic IASTM tool was validated for force measurements using an electronic plate scale that provided the baseline force values to compare with the applied force magnitudes measured by the device. The load cell measurements and the scale readings were found to be in agreement within the expected degree of accuracy. The stroke frequency was computed using the force data and determining the peaks during force application. The orientation angles were obtained from the built-in sensors in the microchip.

The Markov Model of Labor Force Activity 2012-17: Extended Tables of Central Tendency, Shape, Percentile Points, and Bootstrap Standard Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Skoog ◽  
James E. Ciecka ◽  
Kurt V. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Labor Force Activity ◽  
Force Data

Abstract This paper updates the Skoog-Ciecka-Krueger (2011) study which used 2005-09 U.S. population labor force data to estimate worklife expectancies. This update presents estimates using 2012-17 labor force data for persons ages 18 and over by sex and education. These updated estimates are presented as before as a set of worklife tables, including extended probability calculations and other statistical measures useful to forensic economists. Transition probabilities, by age, gender, and education, are contained in the electronic supplementary materials.

Stiffness and Friction Force Measurements on a Freight Car Truck from Quasi-Static Tests

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kachadourian ◽  
C. L. Orth ◽  
D. W. Inskeep
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Load Application ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Freight Car ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Fixed Section

A conventional three-piece truck with load sensitive friction snubbing was tested as a complete assembly with its wheels resting on a fixed section of rail and with loads applied through a fixture that duplicated the body bolster at the truck bolster interface. The purpose of the testing was to determine the stiffness and friction forces of the truck under vertical, lateral, and roll moment loading conditions. Loads were varied to cover a range of car gross weight conditions. The test was quasi-static in that load application was varied at sinusoidal rates of 0.1 or 0.2 Hertz to minimize errors in spring rate measurement caused by friction snubber forces. The desired stiffness and friction force data were obtained in terms of system rather than component properties and are consequently more directly usable in mathematical models. The roll test data were particularly useful because separate spring rates were obtained for the different conditions of center plate seated, center plate rocking, and side bearing contact. Because of the sinusoidal method of load application, it was possible to obtain system spring rates with the friction snubbers static and sliding.

scholarly journals Rapid decrease of cast-induced forces during the treatment of clubfoot using the Ponseti method

2018 ◽  
Vol 100-B (12) ◽  
pp. 1655-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Giesberts ◽  
E. E. G. Hekman ◽  
G. J. Verkerke ◽  
P. G. M. Maathuis
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Plaster Cast ◽  
Ponseti Method ◽  
Idiopathic Clubfoot ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Over Time

Aims The Ponseti method is an effective evidence-based treatment for clubfoot. It uses gentle manipulation to adjust the position of the foot in serial treatments towards a more physiological position. Casting is used to hold the newly achieved position. At first, the foot resists the new position imposed by the plaster cast, pressing against the cast, but over time the tissues are expected to adapt to the new position and the force decreases. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by measuring the forces between a clubfoot and the cast during treatment with the Ponseti method. Patients and Methods Force measurements were made during the treatment of ten idiopathic clubfeet. The mean age of the patients was seven days (2 to 30); there were nine boys and one girl. Force data were collected for several weeks at the location of the first metatarsal and the talar neck to determine the adaptation rate of the clubfoot. Results In all measurements, the force decreased over time. The median (interquartile range) half-life time was determined to be at 26 minutes (20 to 53) for the first metatarsal and 22 minutes (9 to 56) for the talar neck, suggesting that the tissues of the clubfoot adapt to the new position within several hours. Conclusion This is the first study to provide objective force data that support the hypothesis of adaptation of the idiopathic clubfoot to the new position imposed by the cast. We showed that the expected decrease in corrective force over time does indeed exist and adaptation occurs after a relatively short period of time. The rapid reduction in the forces acting on the foot during treatment with the Ponseti method may allow significant reductions in the interval between treatments compared with the generally accepted period of one week.

Peeking Backward: Regional Aspects of Industrial Growth in Post-Unification Italy

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFANO FENOALTEA
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Concomitant Change ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Recycling Economy ◽  
Force Data

The new sectoral estimates of industrial production in 1871, 1881, 1901, and 1911 are regionally allocated using census labor-force data. The regional aggregates suggest that the “industrial triangle” emerged over these decades out of a traditional surplus-recycling economy. The concomitant change in the industrial rankings argues against attributing the regions' different paths to their different initial conditions; surprisingly, too, overall growth does not seem closely tied to industrial development. The disaggregated estimates suggest in turn that the industrial structure of the various regions remained relatively similar, as if comparative advantages were generically industrial rather than sector-specific.

The Relationship between Work-Specific and Generalized Stress and Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Recent Entrants to the Labor Force

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Johnson ◽  
Helene Raskin White
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Force Data

This study examined changes in alcohol and marijuana use and problem in relation to the transition into full-time work, and the effects of work-related and generalized stress among a group of recent entrants to the labor force. Data were obtained from a sample of males and females who were originally interviewed when they were eighteen years old and followed up twice more at three year intervals. We hypothesized that those who transit into and maintain a full-time job will not increase their level of consumption if they find the job to be the “right fit.” The data indicated that when age, gender, and marital status were controlled, there were few significant effects of the transition to full-time work on use measures. Data from this study provided evidence of a stronger role for generalized stress over that of work-specific stress in predicting changes in drug use in young adulthood.

scholarly journals A RISING TIDE LIFTS ALL BOATS: OLDER WORKER EMPLOYMENT RATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S646-S646
Author(s):  
Robert Harootyan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
National Average ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Force Data

Abstract U.S. population aging has been accompanied by aging of its workforce. One-fourth of workers are now 55+, a result of increasing labor force participation rates (LFPRs) of boomers. Older female LFPRs increased notably since 2000, now 34% (1.5 times greater than the 1947-2000 average). Older male LFPRs steadily declined for 50 years, but increased since 2000 (currently 45%). Despite higher LFPRs, many older workers are underemployed, unemployed or having trouble finding desired jobs. We conducted a pilot to test the hypothesis that areas with strong economic and overall-employment growth are more likely to have higher age 55+ LFPRs - i.e., strong overall demand should increase the likelihood that older persons are employed. Major metropolitan areas were selected because of their large labor pools and ACS age-specific labor force data. Of 318 large metros, we selected 14 whose 2017-2018 employment growth ranged from 0.7% to 3.3% (excluded were those with small negative change and those with concentrated special industries). Results: After calculating age-specific LFPRs from ACS five-year data and overall employment growth for each metro, we found a generally strong relationship between high growth and higher than average LFPRs for persons ages 55+. For example, two opposites: Dallas, with 3.2% employment growth, had age 55+ (five year intervals to 75+) LFPRs substantially higher than the national average (by 4-7 percentage points; significant at 0.05). But Pittsburgh, with 0.8% overall employment growth, had age 55+ LFPRs slightly lower than national average. Conclusion: A rising (economic/employment) tide lifts all boats, including older workers.

Keyboard Reaction Force and Finger Flexor Electromyograms during Computer Keyboard Work

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Martin ◽  
Thomas J. Armstrong ◽  
James A. Foulke ◽  
Sivakumaran Natarajan ◽  
Edward Klinenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Force ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Linear Fit ◽  
Finger Forces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Typing Task

This study examines the relationship between forearm EMGs and keyboard reaction forces in 10 people during keyboard tasks performed at a comfortable speed. A linear fit of EMG force data for each person and finger was calculated during static fingertip loading. An average r2 of .71 was observed for forces below 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). These regressions were used to characterize EMG data in force units during the typing task. Averaged peak reaction forces measured during typing ranged from 3.33 N (thumb) to 1.84 N (little finger), with an overall average of 2.54 N, which represents about 10% MVC and 5.4 times the key switch make force (0.47 N). Individual peak or mean finger forces obtained from EMG were greater (1.2 to 3.2 times) than force measurements; hence the range of r2 for EMG force was .10 to .46. A closer correspondence between EMG and peak force was obtained using EMG averaged across all fingers. For 5 of the participants the force computed from EMG was within ±20% of the reaction force. For the other 5 participants forces were overestimated. For 9 participants the difference between EMG estimated force and the reaction force was less than 13% MVC. It is suggested that the difference between EMG and finger force partly results from the amount of muscle load not captured by the measured applied force.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Two Step Cluster Method on the National Labor Force Survey Data (Sakernas)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Deanti ◽  
Farit Mochamad Afendi ◽  
Aam Alamudi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Labor Force Survey ◽  
Force Data

MAYA DEANTI. Implementation of Two Step Cluster Method on National Labor Force Survey Data (Sakernas) 2017 Bogor Regency. Supervised by FARIT MOCHAMAD AFENDI and AAM ALAMUDI.        Five labor issues in Indonesia that have not been resolved by 2017 are termination of employment due to digitalization or automation, labor informalization, BPJS, high accident and occupational safety (K3), and outsourcing. In addition, the increasing number of Foreign Workers (TKA) in Indonesia can affect the decrease in local employment opportunities. Therefore, in this study will be carried out clustering to the labor force data to determine the condition of employment in Indonesia, especially Bogor regency. However, this labor force data has considerable observation with mixed data types, namely numerical and categorical. Regular cluster analysis can not be applied directly to the condition of the data, so that to be used in this research is a Two Step Cluster analysis which is a modification of existing cluster analysis. This Two Step Cluster analysis produces 3 clusters, with the characteristics of each cluster that is cluster 1 consisting of resident households or unemployed, cluster 2 consists of self-employed residents, and cluster 3 with the majority of the population working as laborers or employees. This clustering is based on work aspect only because the demography and education aspect of Bogor Regency is quite uniform.   Keywords: cluster analysis, cluster, Two Step Cluster, uniform

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