Optic Neuropathy Revealing Severe Superficial Siderosis in the Setting of Long-standing Low-grade Intracranial Neoplasm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Coralie Hemptinne ◽  
Adrienne Coche ◽  
Thierry Duprez ◽  
Philippe Demaerel ◽  
Christian Raftopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intracranial Neoplasm

scholarly journals Atypical Presentation of Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor in a Child

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Udaka ◽  
K. Shayan ◽  
N. A. Chuang ◽  
J. R. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Rhabdoid Tumor ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Atypical Teratoid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Intracranial Neoplasm

Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT) is a rare malignant intracranial neoplasm more commonly diagnosed in young children. The authors report the case of an 11-year-old boy with a long standing history of slowly progressive weight loss, fatigue, and weakness over 1.5 years whose magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large heterogeneous enhancing dorsally exophytic lower brainstem mass. Examination revealed extreme cachexia, gaze-evoked nystagmus, dysphagia, dysarthria, bilateral dysmetria, and global weakness without ambulation. The protracted history and neuroimaging features were most suggestive of a low grade glioma. However, pathology revealed a hypercellular tumor with large hyperchromatic nucleoli and loss of INI-1 staining on immunohistochemistry consistent with a diagnosis of an ATRT. The child died shortly after surgery due to complications from his brainstem infiltrative disease. This case illustrates the diverse presentation of ATRT in childhood that can clinically and radiographically mimic that of low grade glioma.

A Diskogenic Dural Defect is the Reason for the Ventral Location of the Epidural Spinal Fluid Collection Seen in Superficial Siderosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001085
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dural Defect ◽  
Dynamic Ct ◽  
Contrast Extravasation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dural Defects

AbstractPurpose of reviewSuperficial siderosis (SS) of the nervous system is often due to a dural pathology. This review focuses on recent developments related to the management of this subgroup of SS patients.Recent findingsThe presence of an epidural ventral spinal fluid collection in patients with SS is a clue to the presence of a diskogenic dural defect. The location of the defect is ascertained by a dynamic CT-myelogram which involves placing the patient in a prone position with hips elevated. This permits gravity assisted preferential ventral localization of the contrast and active scanning during contrast injection facilitates a precise delineation of the initial point of contrast extravasation which localizes the defect.SummaryDiskogenic dural defects are commonly the underlying etiology for SS in patients with a ventral spinal fluid collection. A dynamic CT-myelogram facilitates detection and subsequent repair of these defects which arrests the continued low-grade subarachnoid bleeding.

Radionuclide Brain Scans in Convulsive Disorders?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-788
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Golden ◽  
Gerald Erenberg
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Convulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Convulsive Disorders ◽  
Intracranial Neoplasm ◽  
Rule Out

In a recent article, Tefft1 has stated that radioactive brain scans must be used to evaluate each child with a convulsive disorder, including those with a normal neurological examination and a normal or nonspecific electroencephalogram. He states that this should be done to rule out the presence of a low grade intracranial neoplasm or arteriovenous malformation. We would like to present three objections to this blanket policy. First, the yield would be extremely low. Follow up of children with epilepsy detected gliomas in 23 of 10,450 children (0.3%) in the study by Page, et al.2 and in 3 of 1,518 (0.2%) studied by Livingston.3

Superficial siderosis associated with an iatrogenic posterior fossa dural leak identified on CT cisternography

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110428
Author(s):  
Ajay A Madhavan ◽  
Christopher P Wood ◽  
Allen J Aksamit ◽  
Kara M Schwartz ◽  
John L Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dural Defect ◽  
Ct Cisternography ◽  
Hemosiderin Deposition ◽  
Dural Leak ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Dural Tears

Superficial siderosis refers to hemosiderin deposition along the pial surface of the brain and spinal cord. It results from chronic and repetitive low-grade bleeding into the subarachnoid space. Dural tears are a common cause of superficial siderosis. Although such tears typically occur in the spine, dural tears can also occur in the posterior fossa. In many cases, posterior fossa dural tears are iatrogenic, and patients may present with neuroimaging evidence of postoperative pseudomeningoceles. We present a case of superficial siderosis caused by a persistent posterior fossa dural leak. The patient presented with superficial siderosis 30 years after a Chiari I malformation repair. A pinhole-sized dural tear was identified preoperatively using computed tomography cisternography. The dural defect was successfully repaired. An additional small tear that was not seen on imaging was also identified at surgery and successfully repaired.

scholarly journals Early optic neuropathy during pegylated alfa 2-B interferon and ribavirin HCV treatment. A case report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Augustin Chis ◽  
Cristina Nicula ◽  
Dan Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Ifn Treatment

Introduction. Hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) represents an important health problem worldwide. Natural evolution, with its complications, remains a high cause of mortality and morbidity. Interferon (IFN) treatment, along with ribavirin (RBV), was for several years the standard of care. However, many adverse effects have been described during this therapy. We report a very elusive case of optic neuropathy. Case report. We report the case of a female patient, 50 years old, who underwent pegylated IFN alfa 2B and RBV treatment for viral hepatitis C with low grade fibrosis, in a period when she was not qualified for free oral therapy (with direct acting agents according regulations in this country at that time). After 10 weeks of treatment, she experienced blurred vision and an optic neuropathy was diagnosed, attributed to the HCV. The symptoms and eye fundus alterations (hemorrhage, exudates) remitted after discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion. IFN treatment remains an option for viral hepatitis, but the adverse effects are to be considered. Optic neuropathy can occur during the former standard of care HCV therapy. Patients submitted to IFN plus RBV therapy should be monitored for ocular adverse effects.

Direct Observation of Crystalline Ordering In Naturally Graphitized Carbon Produced by Low Grade Metamorphism

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Thomas R. McKee ◽  
Peter R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Metamorphic Zone

Sediments commonly contain organic material which appears as refractory carbonaceous material in metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Grew and others have shown that relative carbon content, crystallite size, X-ray crystallinity and development of well-ordered graphite crystal structure of the carbonaceous material increases with increasing metamorphic grade. The graphitization process is irreversible and appears to be continous from the amorphous to the completely graphitized stage. The most dramatic chemical and crystallographic changes take place within the chlorite metamorphic zone.The detailed X-ray investigation of crystallite size and crystalline ordering is complex and can best be investigated by other means such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The natural graphitization series is similar to that for heat-treated commercial carbon blacks, which have been successfully studied by HRTEM (Ban and others).

Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Bacteria on Mineral Surfaces

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
V.K. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Mineral Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study

There are two strains of bacteria viz. Thiobacillus thiooxidansand Thiobacillus ferrooxidanswidely mentioned to play an important role in the leaching process of low-grade ores. Another strain used in this study is a thermophile and is designated Caldariella .These microorganisms are acidophilic chemosynthetic aerobic autotrophs and are capable of oxidizing many metal sulfides and elemental sulfur to sulfates and Fe2+ to Fe3+. The necessity of physical contact or attachment by bacteria to mineral surfaces during oxidation reaction has not been fairly established so far. Temple and Koehler reported that during oxidation of marcasite T. thiooxidanswere found concentrated on mineral surface. Schaeffer, et al. demonstrated that physical contact or attachment is essential for oxidation of sulfur.

TEM/AEM characterization of fine-grained clay minerals in very-low-grade rocks: Evaluation of contamination by empa involving celadonite family minerals

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Gejing Li ◽  
D. R. Peacor ◽  
D. S. Coombs ◽  
Y. Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) have led to many new insights into the structural and chemical characteristics of very finegrained, optically homogeneous mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks. Chemical compositions obtained by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) on such materials have been shown by TEM/AEM to result from beam overlap on contaminant phases on a scale below resolution of EMPA, which in turn can lead to errors in interpretation and determination of formation conditions. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the relation between AEM and EMPA data, which leads also to the definition of new mineral phases, and demonstrate the resolution power of AEM relative to EMPA in investigations of very fine-grained mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks.Celadonite, having end-member composition KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2, and with minor substitution of Fe2+ for Mg and Al for Fe3+ on octahedral sites, is a fine-grained mica widespread in volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sediments which have undergone low-temperature alteration in the oceanic crust and in burial metamorphic sequences.

Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Danlin Liu ◽  
Gavin Richardson ◽  
Fehmi M. Benli ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
João V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

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