Reducing Energy Supply In The Drying Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Sc. Rajka Budin ◽  
Sc. Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Reducing Energy

Reimagining Energy and Growth: Decoupling and the Rise of a New Energy Paradigm in West Germany, 1973–1986

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Oil Shocks ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Reducing Energy

AbstractThis article traces the rise of new ideas about energy and growth in West Germany between 1973 and 1986. It shows how new economic expertise emerged in response to the oil shocks, and looks at how West Germany could, paradoxically, sustain growth in a world of seemingly exhausted and insecure energy sources. These experts reconceptualized the economy to imagine a future where “decoupling”—reducing energy consumption while expanding Gross Domestic Production—was possible. They found support in the Social Democratic Party, which, in using their ideas to overcome an internal rift precipitated by the rise of the Green movement in the 1970s, helped make these new ideas mainstream. Investigating this new energy paradigm helps us understand why Germany began to diverge from other large, industrialized states in the 1980s, as it increasingly focused on energy conservation rather than on expanding its energy supply.

scholarly journals Kinetics Of Fruit Crops Drying With Instant Pressure Release

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Rustamov E.S. ◽  
◽  
Djuraev Kh.F. ◽  
Gafurov K.Kh. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Pressure Impact ◽  
Instantaneous Pressure ◽  
Kinetics Of

The article covers results of research of drying process of apricot fruits by the method of three-stage energy supply. The main stages of drying have been defined, including: pulsed infrared heating, instantaneous pressure impact, convective drying. Optimal technological parameters of energy supply in the process of drying apricot fruits at each stage have been developed. The choice of the method for the experimental determination of the drying speed by the parameters of the drying agent for the capillary-porous material is substantiated. The sequence of changes in moisture content in a given material under the influence of a three-stage energy supply is described. The conditions for drying fruits are established and the values of the drying speed in the first period for various methods of energy supply have been selected.

scholarly journals Which Strategy Saves the Most Energy for Stratified Water Heaters?

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4859
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ritchie ◽  
Jacobus A. A. Engelbrecht ◽  
M. J. (Thinus) Booysen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heating Schedule ◽  
Reducing Energy

The operation of water heating uses a substantial amount of energy and is responsible for 30% of a household’s overall electricity consumption. Determining methods of reducing energy demand is crucial for countries such as South Africa, where energy supply is almost exclusively electrical, 88% of it is generated by coal, and energy deficits cause frequent blackouts. Decreasing the energy consumption of tanked water heaters can be achieved by reducing the standing losses and thermal energy of the hot water used. In this paper, we evaluate various energy-saving strategies that have commonly been used and determine which strategy is best. These strategies include optimising the heating schedule, lowering the set-point temperature, reducing the volume of hot water used, and installing additional thermal insulation. The results show that the best strategy was providing optimal control of the heating element, and savings of 16.3% were achieved. This study also determined that the magnitude of energy savings is heavily dependent on a household’s water usage intensity and seasonality.

scholarly journals Modelling the drying process in case of combined energy supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 1703 ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
S T Antipov ◽  
V M Arapov ◽  
D A Kazartsev ◽  
M V Babaeva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Drying Process

Utilisation of energy from digester gas and sludge incineration at Hamburg's Köhlbrandhöft WWTP

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
R.D. Thierbach ◽  
H. Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Sludge Drying

At Hamburg's Köhlbrandhöft WWTP the demand for external energy supply is minimised by state of the art sludge treatment. The sludge is subjected to thickening, anaerobic digestion, dewatering, drying and incineration. The digester gas is used in a combined gas and steam turbine process. The sludge incineration also produces steam, which is also used in the steam turbine that follows the gas turbine. The turbines produce electricity, partially expanded steam is used for the sludge drying process. Heat from the condensation of vapours from sludge drying is used to heat the anaerobic digesters. The overall process requires no external heat or fuel and produces 60% of the WWTP's electricity demand.

scholarly journals Determination and use of rational parameters of the drying process of beet pulp when creating a drum dryer with a combined energy supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Drannikov ◽  
S. V. Shakhov ◽  
M. O. Erofeevskaya ◽  
P. M. Sukhanov ◽  
A. R. Bubnov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Air Dryer

Beet pulp is a secondary material resource obtained using traditional sugar production technology. Bagasse can be used as raw material for biogas plants, obtain biodegradable packaging, and as feed for livestock. Fresh bagasse has several disadvantages: short shelf life, difficulty in transportation, it is advisable to dry it to eliminate these shortcomings. To preserve the useful qualities of pulp, air with a low temperature is used as a drying agent. To study the interaction of various factors affecting the drying process of beet pulp, mathematical methods are used to plan the experiment. A mathematical description of this process can be obtained empirically. Moreover, his mathematical model has the form of a regression equation, found by statistical methods based on experiments. As a result of statistical processing of the experimental data, regression equations are obtained that adequately describe the drying process of beet pulp in an air dryer. As a result of the research, it was proposed to use a drum dryer with a combined energy supply (air and superheated steam), which will not only accelerate the drying process, but also preserve the useful qualities of the product.

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

Video real-time imaging of artificial membranes during freeze-drying by cryo-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Alan S. Rudolph ◽  
Ronald R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Artificial Membranes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Capture Techniques

We have employed cryoelectron microscopy to visualize events that occur during the freeze-drying of artificial membranes by employing real time video capture techniques. Artificial membranes or liposomes which are spherical structures within internal aqueous space are stabilized by water which provides the driving force for spontaneous self-assembly of these structures. Previous assays of damage to these structures which are induced by freeze drying reveal that the two principal deleterious events that occur are 1) fusion of liposomes and 2) leakage of contents trapped within the liposome [1]. In the past the only way to access these events was to examine the liposomes following the dehydration event. This technique allows the event to be monitored in real time as the liposomes destabilize and as water is sublimed at cryo temperatures in the vacuum of the microscope. The method by which liposomes are compromised by freeze-drying are largely unknown. This technique has shown that cryo-protectants such as glycerol and carbohydrates are able to maintain liposomal structure throughout the drying process.

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