The relationship between torque and joint angle during knee extension in boys and men

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have addressed the relationship between paretic knee extension strength and comfortable walking speed after stroke. However, the correlations reported are highly variable. This review sought to summarize the correlational data using meta-analysis. METHODS: Relevant literature was identified via a search of 3 bibliographic databases. Articles were screened and perused for inclusion. Included articles were examined for information on the sample studied, procedures for measuring strength and gait speed, and correlations reported between the 2 variables. Meta-analysis was used to calculate a summary correlation. RESULTS: Of 299 unique articles, 18 met inclusion criteria. Articles were diverse in regard to samples studied, procedures described, and correlations reported. Meta-analysis using data from all included studies revealed a summary correlation of 0.51. For studies using hand-held or isokinetic dynamometry, the summary correlation was 0.46 and 0.59 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a better indication of the correlation between paretic knee extension strength and comfortable gait speed than individual studies. The correlation is high enough to provide support for the routine measurement of paretic knee extension force for individuals who have experienced a stroke.

Download Full-text

Approximation of the Kinematics of Foot Joints by Using Passive Elastic Characteristics of Joint

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.621 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 342-343 ◽

pp. 621-624

Author(s):

Hyeon Ki Choi ◽

Si Yeol Kim ◽

Won Hak Cho

Keyword(s):

Joint Angle ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Force Plate ◽

Least Square Method ◽

Least Square ◽

Biomechanical Analysis ◽

Clinical Evaluations ◽

Foot Joints ◽

The Relationship ◽

Elastic Characteristics

We investigated the relationship between kinematic and kinetic characteristics of foot joints resisting ground reaction force (GRF). Passive elastic characteristics of joint were obtained from the experiment using three cameras and one force plate. The relationship between joint angle and moment was mathematically modeled by using least square method. The calculated ranges of motion were 7o for TM joint, 4o for TT joint and 20o for MP joint. With the model that relates joint angle and plantar pressure, we could get the kinematic data of the joints which are not available from conventional motion analysis. The model can be used not only for biomechanical analysis which simulates gait but also for the clinical evaluations.

Download Full-text

Relationship Between Muscle Strength Asymmetry and Body Sway in Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2017-0096 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 457-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hitoshi Koda ◽

Yoshihiro Kai ◽

Shin Murata ◽

Hironori Osugi ◽

Kunihiko Anami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Body Sway ◽

Adult Women ◽

Gait Stability ◽

Cutoff Value ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Strength Asymmetry ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle strength asymmetry and body sway while walking. We studied 63 older adult women. Strong side and weak side of knee extension strength, toe grip strength, hand grip strength, and body sway while walking were measured. The relationship between muscle strength asymmetry for each muscle and body sway while walking was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Regarding the muscles recognized to have significant correlation with body sway, the asymmetry cutoff value causing an increased sway was calculated. Toe grip strength asymmetry was significantly correlated with body sway. Toe grip strength asymmetry causing an increased body sway had a cutoff value of 23.5%. Our findings suggest toe grip strength asymmetry may be a target for improving gait stability.

Download Full-text

Mitochondrial respiration in creatine-loaded muscle: is there 31P-MRS evidence of direct effects of phosphocreatine and creatine in vivo?

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01269.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 1428-1430 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Graham Kemp

Keyword(s):

Respiration Rate ◽

Mitochondrial Respiration ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Direct Effects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Knee Extension Exercise ◽

Moderate Relationship

Recent human isolated muscle fiber studies suggest that phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatine (Cr) concentrations play a role in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration rate. To determine whether similar regulatory mechanisms are present in vivo, this study examined the relationship between skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration rate and end-exercise PCr, Cr, PCr-to-Cr ratio (PCr/Cr), ADP, and pH by using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 16 men and women (36.9 ± 4.6 yr). The initial PCr resynthesis rate and time constant (Tc) were used as indicators of mitochondrial respiration after brief (10–12 s) and exhaustive (1–4 min) dynamic knee extension exercise performed in placebo and creatine-supplemented conditions. The results show that the initial PCr resynthesis rate has a strong relationship with end-exercise PCr, Cr, and PCr/Cr ( r > 0.80, P < 0.001), a moderate relationship with end-exercise ADP ( r = 0.77, P < 0.001), and no relationship with end-exercise pH ( r = −0.14, P = 0.34). The PCr Tc was not as strongly related to PCr, Cr, PCr/Cr, and ADP ( r < 0.77, P < 0.001–0.18) and was significantly influenced by end-exercise pH ( r = −0.43, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that end-exercise PCr and Cr should be taken into consideration when PCr recovery kinetics is used as an indicator of mitochondrial respiration and that the initial PCr resynthesis rate is a more reliable indicator of mitochondrial respiration compared with the PCr Tc.

Download Full-text

Relationship Between Weightbearing Ankle Dorsiflexion Passive Range of Motion and Ankle Kinematics During Gait

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/14-112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Min-Hyeok Kang ◽

Jae-Seop Oh

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽

Physically Active ◽

Ankle Kinematics ◽

The Difference ◽

Analysis System ◽

The Relationship ◽

Paired T Test

Background: Measurement of weightbearing ankle dorsiflexion (DF) passive range of motion (PROM) has been suggested as a way to estimate ankle kinematics during gait; however, no previous study has demonstrated the relationship between ankle DF during gait and ankle DF PROM with knee extension. We examine the relationship between maximum ankle DF during gait and nonweightbearing and weightbearing ankle DF PROM with knee extension. Methods: Forty physically active individuals (mean ± SD age, 21.63 ± 1.73 years) participated in this study. Ankle DF PROM with knee extension was measured in the nonweightbearing and weightbearing conditions; maximum ankle DF during gait was assessed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The relationship between each variable was calculated using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and the difference in ankle DF PROM between the nonweightbearing and weightbearing conditions was analyzed using a paired t test. Results: The weightbearing measurement (r = 0.521; P < .001) for ankle DF PROM showed a greater correlation with maximum ankle DF during gait than did the nonweightbearing measurement (r = 0.245; P = .029). Ankle DF PROM was significantly greater in the weightbearing than in the nonweightbearing condition (P < .001) despite a significant correlation between the two measurements (r = 0.402; P < .001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that nonweightbearing and weightbearing measurements of ankle DF PROM with knee extension should not be used interchangeably and that weightbearing ankle DF PROM with the knee extended is more appropriate for estimating ankle DF during gait.

Download Full-text

THE VARIATION IN KNEE EXTENSION FORCE AND INTEGRATED ELECTROMYOGRAM WITH KNEE JOINT ANGLE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine ◽

10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.33 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 34 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

HIROSHI KURATA ◽

YOSHINORI OGAWA ◽

HIROMI UCHIDA ◽

KYOZO YONEMOTO ◽

KUNIHIKO HARADA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

School Children ◽

Joint Angle ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Knee Joint Angle ◽

Extension Force ◽

Integrated Electromyogram

Download Full-text

Posture Control Considering Joint Stiffness of a Robotic Arm Driven by Rubberless Artificial Muscle

International Journal of Automation Technology ◽

10.20965/ijat.2016.p0503 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 503-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naoki Saito ◽

◽

Toshiyuki Satoh ◽

Keyword(s):

Joint Angle ◽

Joint Stiffness ◽

Mathematical Expression ◽

Artificial Muscle ◽

Good Control ◽

Robotic Arm ◽

Rubber Tube ◽

Robotic Arms ◽

Control Scheme ◽

The Relationship

This paper describes a joint angle control considering the passive joint stiffness of robotic arms driven by rubberless artificial muscle (RLAM), which is a pneumatic actuator. The contraction mechanism of RLAM is the same as that of the McKibben artificial muscle. Unlike the McKibben artificial muscle, RLAM is constructed using an airbag made of a nonelastic material instead of a rubber tube.The objective of this study is to realize a soft contact movement of robotic arms by applying the passive compliance characteristics of RLAMs. In this study, we derive a mathematical expression for the relationship between the output of an RLAM and the joint stiffness of a robotic arm. In addition, we suggest a control scheme for each RLAM. We confirm the validity of these suggestions experimentally. From the result, we observe a good control performance of the joint angle. A robotic arm moves smoothly according to the force added from outside by setting the passive stiffness of the arm.

Download Full-text

The Relationship between the Power Index of the Sit-to-Stand Test and Muscle Function of Isokinetic Knee Extension in Healthy Young Adults

Rigakuryoho Kagaku ◽

10.1589/rika.27.119 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 119-122

Author(s):

Tetsuo TAKAHATA ◽

Chiaki YAGURA ◽

Shinichiro OKA ◽

Takeshi SOTA ◽

Takahiko YAMAMOTO

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Power Index ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Stand Test ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Use of phosphocreatine kinetics to determine the influence of creatine on muscle mitochondrial respiration: an in vivo 31P-MRS study of oral creatine ingestion

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01021.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 2288-2292 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sinclair A. Smith ◽

Scott J. Montain ◽

Gary P. Zientara ◽

Roger A. Fielding

Keyword(s):

Respiration Rate ◽

Mitochondrial Respiration ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

The Relationship ◽

Knee Extension Exercise ◽

Moderate Relationship

Recent human isolated muscle fiber studies suggest that phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatine (Cr) concentrations play a role in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration rate. To determine whether similar regulatory mechanisms are present in vivo, this study examined the relationship between skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration rate and end-exercise PCr, Cr, PCr-to-Cr ratio (PCr/Cr), ADP, and pH by using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 16 men and women (36.9 ± 4.6 yr). The initial PCr resynthesis rate and time constant (Tc) were used as indicators of mitochondrial respiration after brief (10–12 s) and exhaustive (1–4 min) dynamic knee extension exercise performed in placebo and creatine-supplemented conditions. The results show that the initial PCr resynthesis rate has a strong relationship with end-exercise PCr, Cr, and PCr/Cr ( r > 0.80, P < 0.001), a moderate relationship with end-exercise ADP ( r = 0.77, P < 0.001), and no relationship with end-exercise pH ( r = -0.14, P = 0.34). The PCr Tc was not as strongly related to PCr, Cr, PCr/Cr, and ADP ( r < 0.77, P < 0.001–0.18) and was significantly influenced by end-exercise pH ( r = -0.43, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that end-exercise PCr and Cr should be taken into consideration when PCr recovery kinetics is used as an indicator of mitochondrial respiration and that the initial PCr resynthesis rate is a more reliable indicator of mitochondrial respiration compared with the PCr Tc.

Download Full-text