Approximation of the Kinematics of Foot Joints by Using Passive Elastic Characteristics of Joint

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 621-624
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ki Choi ◽  
Si Yeol Kim ◽  
Won Hak Cho
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Foot Joints ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

We investigated the relationship between kinematic and kinetic characteristics of foot joints resisting ground reaction force (GRF). Passive elastic characteristics of joint were obtained from the experiment using three cameras and one force plate. The relationship between joint angle and moment was mathematically modeled by using least square method. The calculated ranges of motion were 7o for TM joint, 4o for TT joint and 20o for MP joint. With the model that relates joint angle and plantar pressure, we could get the kinematic data of the joints which are not available from conventional motion analysis. The model can be used not only for biomechanical analysis which simulates gait but also for the clinical evaluations.

Biomechanical Analysis of the Musculoskeletal System of Human Foot by Using Passive Elastic Characteristics of Joint

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2231-2234
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ki Choi ◽  
Si Yeol Kim ◽  
Hyeon Chang Choi
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Foot Joints ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

In this study we presented kinematic and kinetic data of foot joints by using passive elastic characteristics of joints during gait. During the calculation process we used approximate equations and partial plantar pressures. The maximum angular displacements of each tarsometatarsal joint ranged from 4o to 7o and the maximum moments were from 200N⋅cm to 1500N⋅cm. It was relatively wide distribution. Foot kinematic data calculated from the approximated equations, which were represented by the correlation between moment and angular displacement, and the data from motion analysis were very similar. We found that the movements of foot joints were mainly decided by the passive characteristics of the joints when ground reaction force acts. The kinematic and kinetic analysis using approximated equations which is presented in this study can be usefully applied to describing the movements of foot joints during gait.

Parameters Identification for Nonlinear Duffing System Based on Wavelet Transformation

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1524-1530
Author(s):  
Shi Zhou ◽  
Dong Mei Huang ◽  
Wei Xin Ren ◽  
Qiong Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vibration ◽  
Wavelet Transformation ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Instantaneous Amplitude ◽  
Approximate Analytical Expression ◽  
Duffing System ◽  
The Relationship

Continuous wavelet transformation is made to identify the parameters of damped harmonic forced vibration Duffing system. With the aid of conversion relationship between the scale and frequency, the solution of nonlinear Duffing equation is adopted by average method, which gained approximate analytical expression for instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the system. The nonlinear stiffness coefficient and natural frequency can be gained by least square method and the relationship between recognition accuracy and parameter selection are summarized in the article. Parameter identification method of harmonic forced vibration system is proposed in this paper. Studying the wavelet ridge and corresponding scale by segments to filter out the affects of the simple harmonic motion, to extract systems free vibration signal and to achieve the goal of identifying system parameters.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Vertical Loadrates and Tibial Acceleration Across Footstrike Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Davis ◽  
Todd Hayano ◽  
Adam Tenforde
Keyword(s):  
Impact Loading ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Tibial Acceleration ◽  
The Relationship

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: While the etiology of injuries is multifactorial, impact loading, as measured by the loadrate of the vertical ground reaction force has been implicated. These loadrates are typically measured with a force plate. However, this limits the measure of impacts to laboratory environments. Tibial acceleration, another measure of running impacts, is considered a surrogate for loadrate. It can be measured using new wearable technology that can be used in a runner’s natural environment. However, the correlation between tibial acceleration measured from mobile devices and vertical ground reaction force loadrates, measured from forceplates, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between vertical and resultant loadrates to vertical and resultant tibial acceleration across different footstrike patterns (FSP) in runners. Methods: The study involved a sample of convenience made up of 169 runners (74 F, 95 M; age: 38.66±13.08 yrs) presenting at a running injury clinic. This included 25 habitual forefoot strike (FFS), 17 midfoot strike (MFS) and 127 rearfoot strike (RFS) runners. Participants ran on an instrumented treadmill (average speed 2.52±0.25 m/s), with a tri-axial accelerometer attached at the left distal medial tibia. Only subjects running with pain <3/10 on a VAS scale during the treadmill run were included to reduce the confounding effect of pain. Vertical average, vertical instantaneous and resultant instantaneous loadrates (VALR, VILR and RILR) and peak vertical and resultant tibial accelerations (VTA, RTA) were averaged for 8 consecutive left steps. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between tibial accelerations and loadrates. Results: All tibial accelerations were significantly correlated across all loadrates, with the exception of RTA with VILR for FFS (Table 1) which was nearly significant (p=0.068). Correlations ranged from 0.37-0.82. VTA was strongly correlated with all loadrates (r = 0.66). RTA was also strongly correlated with both loadrates for RFS and MFS, but only moderately correlated with loadrates for FFS (r = 0.47). Correlations were similar across the different loadrates (VALR, VILR, RILR). Conclusion: The stronger correlation between vertical tibial acceleration and all loadrates (VALR, VILR, RILR) suggests that it may be the best surrogate for loadrates when studying impact loading in runners.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relationship between Earnings Quality and Capital Cost-Takes the China Listed Companies as a Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Chih-Yi Hsiao ◽  
Hui-Hui Kuang ◽  
Hui-Ling Li ◽  
Jia-Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

The phenomenon of false financial statements still exists. However, in addition to the risk of being punished, what kind of price do companies have to pay? In recent decades, with China's rapid progress in economic, the relevant accounting system and corporate governance standards are actively improving, and the earnings quality is improving. This paper takes China's listed companies from 2015 to 2019 as samples, and adopts quantile regression supplemented by ordinary least square method to explore the relationship between earnings quality and capital cost. The research findings show that the higher the earnings management, the higher the capital cost, especially for the company with low capital cost. Nevertheless, for the extremely company with high capital cost, earnings management can reduce the capital cost. The research results can provide the focus of regulators of listed companies and reference for the revision of relevant accounting system.

An Identification Method of Failure Mechanism Consistency for Rubber Materials in Accelerated Aging Testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Ya Shun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Arrhenius Model ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Velocity Constant ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
The Relationship

The failure mechanism of rubber materials under accelerated stress in aging process may be different from that under normal conditions. Therefore, identification of the failure mechanism consistency is necessary for the accelerated aging testing of rubber material. To solve the problem, we study the relationship between the aging velocity of permanent compression set value and aging time. Firstly, according to the relationship, the aging velocity constant is obtained through the least square method. Then, combining with the aging velocity constant, we found that the activation energy is equal to the slope of linear function about Arrhenius model. Based on that failure activation energy keeps same under same failure mechanism, an identification method about failure mechanism consistency is developed. Finally, to demonstrate and validate the proposed method, we take the accelerated aging testing for the nitrile rubber-26 sealing gasket as an example.

Research of Binocular Positioning Mathematical Model Based on the Least Square Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 50-51 ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Feng Liu ◽  
Xiao Li Meng ◽  
Huan Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Centroid Algorithm ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate ◽  
The Relationship

By giving a centroid algorithm to extract pixel coordinates of each circle in the center of a circle under the coordinates, through the coordinate transformation the image coordinates can be obtained. Based on the data obtained from above to verify the model, from the specific data of the relative error, absolute error and error propagation theory to discuss the algorithm accuracy and stability. Finally using the least square method, according to the mean square error criteria for the establishment of a minimum of three-dimensional coordinate system fixed relative position of two cameras, binocular positioning mathematical models and by discussing the nature of matrix and the relationship between the relative position of the camera to calibrate the binocular digital camera.

The relationship between immigration and tourism firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Massidda ◽  
Ivan Etzo ◽  
Romano Piras
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates whether the presence of immigrants represents an opportunity for Italian tourism firms to increase the number of establishments and their employees. To this scope, we focus on the hotels and restaurants sector where a great amount of revenues comes from the tourist expenditure. The investigation is conducted at both the nationwide level and, separately, for Centre-Northern and Southern provinces. As estimation technique, in order to deal with the potential endogeneity problem, we will proceed with the two-stage least square method. The results strongly support a positive relationship between the provincial share of immigrants and the number of tourism establishments and their employees. This relationship seems to be stronger for southern provinces.

scholarly journals 3D Localization Algorithm Based on Linear Regression and Least Squares in NLOS Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jiang Li ◽  
Zhang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the positive bias property of the time of arrival(TOA) measurement error caused by the non-line-of-sight(NLOS) propagation, a simple and effective three dimensional(3D) geometrical localization algorithm was proposed, the algorithm needs no prior knowledge of time delay distribution of TOA, and only linear regression was used to estimate the parameters of the relationship between the NLOS distance error and the true distance, thus, the approximate real distance between mobile terminal (MT) and base station (BS) was reduced, then, the 3D geometric localization of mobile terminal was carried out by the least square method. The experimental results shows the effectiveness of the algorithm, and the positional accuracy is far higher than the required accuracy by E-911 in NLOS environments.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEBIASAAN BERKENDARA TERHADAP PERILAKU BERKENDARA DAN ATRIBUT BERKENDARA DRIVER OJEK ONLINE (STUDI KASUS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Novie Susanto ◽  
Esa Akhmad Mujahidin ◽  
Siswanto Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Partial Least Square Method ◽  
Motorcycle Taxi ◽  
The Relationship

Ojek online hadir ditengah banyaknya jumlah sepeda motor dengan melihat peluang bisnis ojek online. Jumlah kendaraan bermotor tiap tahunnya yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan jumlah kecelakaan yang terjadi dari tahun ke tahun juga ikut mengalami peningkatan. Menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan berkendara terhadap perilaku berkendara dan atribut berkendara merupakan langkah pencegahan kecelakaan pada driver ojek online. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PLS (Partial Least Square) untuk menganalisis hubungan antara variabel kebiasaan berkendara terhadap perilaku dan atribut berkendara. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dari metode PLS didapatkan kebiasaan berkendara memeiliki hubungan signifikan dengan t-stat 4,584 terhadap atribut berkendara. Variabel kebiasaan berkendara memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap erilaku berkendara dengan t-stat 64,533. Perilaku berkendara memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap atribut berkendara dengan nilai t-stat 3,567. Abstract[THE EFFECT OF DRIVING HABITS TO DRIVING BEHAVIOR AND DRIVING ATTRIBUTE OF ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI DRIVERS (A CASE STUDY)] Online motorcycle taxi comes in the middle of the number of motorbikes by looking at the motorcycle taxi business opportunities online. The number of vehicles that are increasing every year which increases causing the number that occurs from year to year which also increases. Analyzing the relationship between driving while traffic and the attribute of riding traffic towards OJEK ONLINE drivers is one of effort to decrease the number of accidents. This study uses the PLS (Partial Least Square) method to analyze the relationship between driving habits variables on driving behavior and attributes. Based on the test results of the PLS method, it is showed that driving habits have a significant relationship with the t-stat 4,584 to the driving attributes. The driving habits variable has a significant relationship to driving behavior with t-stat 64,533. Driving behavior has a significant relationship to driving attributes with a t-stat value of 3.567. Keywords: driving habits; driving behavior; driving attributes; PLS; online motorcycle taxi

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