scholarly journals Isokinetic ankle eversion and inversion strength profiling of female ballet dancers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Philip Nagy ◽  
Chris Brogden ◽  
Matt Greig
Keyword(s):  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
And Inversion

scholarly journals The Time Scales of Variability of Marine Low Clouds

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 6463-6481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. de Szoeke ◽  
Kathryn L. Verlinden ◽  
Sandra E. Yuter ◽  
David B. Mechem
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Cloud Amount ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Low Clouds ◽  
Spectral Peaks ◽  
Low Cloud ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
Radiative Feedbacks ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Inversion

Abstract Multidecade global regressions of inversion strength, vertical velocity, and sea surface temperature (SST) on low cloud amount, from subdaily to multiyear time scales, refute the dominance of seasonal inversion strength on marine low cloud variability. Multiday low cloud variance averaged over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic stratocumulus regions [5 × 10−2 (cloud amount)2] is twice the subdaily variance and 5 times larger than the multimonth variance. The broad multiday band contains most (60%) of the variance, despite strong seasonal (annual) and diurnal spectral peaks. Multiday low cloud amount over the eastern tropical and midlatitude oceans is positively correlated to inversion strength, with a slope of 2%–5% K−1. Anecdotes show multiday low cloud and inversion strength anomalies propagate equatorward from midlatitudes. Previously shown correlations of low clouds to strong inversions and cool SST on monthly and longer time scales in the stratocumulus regions imply positive cloud-radiative feedbacks, with e-folding time scales of 300 days for SST and 14 days for atmospheric boundary layer temperature. On multimonth time scales, removing the effect of SST on low clouds reduces the low cloud amount explained by inversion strength by a factor of 3, but SST has a small effect at other time scales. Contrary to their positive correlation in the stratocumulus cloud decks, low clouds are anticorrelated to inversion strength over most of the tropics on daily and subdaily time scales.

scholarly journals Sudden Nocturnal Warming Events in Mississippi

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren D. White
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Stable Surface Layer ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
Event Based ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Event Magnitude ◽  
Regime Transitions ◽  
Probable Relation

Abstract Significant episodes of sudden nocturnal warming have been observed by the Mississippi Mesonet. The probable relation of these nocturnal warming events to surface layer regime transitions between a decoupled quiescent surface layer and a more turbulent, less thermodynamically stable surface layer is discussed within the context of four examples with different temporal signatures. In general, the changes in wind speed and inversion strength are consistent with expectations for such regime changes. However, details of individual events indicate a wider variety of event characteristics than has been documented previously. The cases examined are proposed as prototypes for four different types of warming event, based on the evolution of temperature and dewpoint as well as on whether clear forcing from a mesoscale or synoptic frontal passage can be identified. Using this classification system and a subjective evaluation of event magnitude, the frequency of nocturnal warming events is analyzed for four mesonet stations at varying distance inland over the period of record.

The relationship between ankle eversion to inversion strength ratio and postural balance control in healthy individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
E.E. Avci ◽  
E. Senocak ◽  
İ. Akgün ◽  
E. Timurtas ◽  
İ. Demirbüken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Gait Biomechanics of a Second Generation Unstable Shoe

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Jacob K. Gardner ◽  
Songning Zhang ◽  
Max R. Paquette ◽  
Clare E. Milner ◽  
Elizabeth Brock
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Inversion

The recent popularity of unstable shoes has sparked much interest in the efficacy of the shoe design. Anecdotal evidence suggests that earlier designs appear bulky and less aesthetically appealing for everyday use. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a second generation unstable shoe on center of pressure (COP), ground reaction force (GRF), kinematics, and kinetics of the ankle joint during level walking at normal and fast speeds. In addition, findings were compared with results from the first generation shoe. Fourteen healthy males performed five successful level walking trials in four testing conditions: walking in unstable and control shoes at normal (1.3 m/s) and fast (1.8 m/s) speeds. The unstable shoe resulted in an increase in mediolateral COP displacement, first peak vertical GRF loading rate, braking GRF, ankle eversion range of motion (ROM), and inversion moment; as well as a decrease in anteroposterior COP displacement, second peak vertical GRF, ankle plantarflexion ROM, and dorsiflexion moment. Only minor differences were found between the shoe generations. Results of the generational comparisons suggest that the lower-profile second generation shoe may be as effective at achieving the desired unstable effects while promoting a smoother transition from heel contact through toe off compared with the first generation shoe.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Boundary Layer Stability and Cloud Cover in the Post-Cold-Frontal Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (22) ◽  
pp. 8129-8149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Naud ◽  
James F. Booth ◽  
Anthony D. Del Genio
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Boundary Layer Stability ◽  
The North ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increase Sample Size

Abstract Using NASA Aqua MODIS and AIRS data, the relationship between low-level cloud cover (cloud top below the 700-hPa level) and boundary layer stability is explored in post-cold-frontal conditions. A linear relationship is found between seasonal cloud cover and two separate measures of inversion strength, the lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) and the estimated inversion strength (EIS), for two specific regions in the North Atlantic and Pacific in quiescent and weakly subsiding conditions. The relationship barely changes when considering dynamically active and subsiding post-cold-frontal conditions for the same regions. To explore the generality of this result and increase sample size, cold-front-centered composites of cloud cover and stability are constructed. The Northern and Southern Hemisphere seasonal cloud cover and stability distributions in the post-cold-frontal regions are then compared. A fairly good correlation between cloud cover and EIS is found in both hemispheres across all seasons, suggesting that a linear relationship between cloud cover and inversion strength proposed for quiescent conditions exists also in more dynamically active subsiding post-cold-frontal conditions. However, for a given season and hemisphere, the correlation between cloud cover and EIS degrades in post-cold-frontal regions, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. At these scales, other large-scale factors tend to correlate better with cloud cover.

Test–Retest Reliability of Biodex System 4 Pro for Isometric Ankle-Eversion and -Inversion Measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gediminas Tankevicius ◽  
Donata Lankaite ◽  
Aleksandras Krisciunas
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
And Inversion

Context:The lack of knowledge about isometric ankle testing indicates the need for research in this area.Objective:to assess test–retest reliability and to determine the optimal position for isometric ankle-eversion and -inversion testing.Design:Test–retest reliability study. Isometric ankle eversion and inversion were assessed in 3 different dynamometer foot-plate positions: 0°, 7°, and 14° of inversion. Two maximal repetitions were performed at each angle. Both limbs were tested (40 ankles in total). The test was performed 2 times with a period of 7 d between the tests.Setting:University hospital.Participants:The study was carried out on 20 healthy athletes with no history of ankle sprains.Main Outcome Measures:Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1); minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated using a 95% confidence interval. Paired t test was used to measure statistically significant changes, and P <.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Eversion and inversion peak torques showed high ICCs in all 3 angles (ICC values .87–.96, MDC values 3.09–6.81 Nm). Eversion peak torque was the smallest when testing at the 0° angle and gradually increased, reaching maximum values at 14° angle. The increase of eversion peak torque was statistically significant at 7 ° and 14° of inversion. Inversion peak torque showed an opposite pattern—it was the smallest when measured at the 14° angle and increased at the other 2 angles; statistically significant changes were seen only between measures taken at 0° and 14°.Conclusions:Isometric eversion and inversion testing using the Biodex 4 Pro system is a reliable method. The authors suggest that the angle of 7° of inversion is the best for isometric eversion and inversion testing.

EVERSION AND INVERSION STRENGTH RATIOS IN SUBJECTS WITH UNILATERAL FUNCTIONAL ANKLE INSTABILITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. S135 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W. Kaminski ◽  
B D. Buckley ◽  
M E. Powers ◽  
T J. Hubbard ◽  
B M. Hatzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
And Inversion

scholarly journals Early Isometric Eversion and Inversion Changes after Acute Ankle Sprains

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (91) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gediminas Tankevičius ◽  
Donata Lankaitė ◽  
Aleksandras Kriščiūnas ◽  
Albertas Skurvydas
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Functional Scale ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Inversion Strength ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Lower Extremity Functional Scale

Research background and hypothesis. Most of the methods used to monitor ankle condition after acute ankle sprains do not provide knowledge about the functional state of the ankle, which is mostly dependent on muscles and proprioception. For this purpose we used isometric testing.Research aim: to detect early isometric eversion and inversion peak torque changes after acute ankle sprains, and to compare them to the usual methods.Research methods. The subjects were 80 athletes with acute grade II ankle sprain. All subjects were randomized into  Isometric Testing  Group  (40  subjects),  and  Control  Group  (40  subjects).  Both  groups  underwent  the  same rehabilitation programme. We measured isometric peak torque and peak torque differences between the healthy and injured legs in eversion and inversion movements of the ankle. The outcome measures were pain on activity, swelling, Lower Extremity Functional Scale score, isometric eversion and inversion strength, Square hop test, and Figure of Eight hop test. Research results. There were no significant differences between parameters measured in both groups. Statistical analysis indicated significantly lower eversion and inversion strength of the injured limb, significant eversion and inversion deficit changes during the whole study. Pain on activity, and swelling changes were significant only on the first two weeks. Lower Extremity Functional Scale score changes were significant all three weeks. Eversion and inversion deficit correlated with Lower Extremity Functional Scale score. Conclusion. Isometric testing detects early eversion and inversion changes and helps monitoring rehabilitation after acute lateral ankle sprains.Keywords: peak torque, rehabilitation, monitoring.

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