Resistance training intervention performed with different muscle action durations influences the maximal dynamic strength without promoting joint-angle specific strength gains

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rodrigo César Ribeiro Diniz ◽  
Frank Douglas Tourino ◽  
Lucas Túlio de Lacerda ◽  
Hugo Cesar Martins Costa ◽  
Marcel Bahia Lanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

scholarly journals Development of Maximal Dynamic Strength During Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training in Untrained, Moderately Trained, and Trained Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-1010
Author(s):  
Henrik Petré ◽  
Erik Hemmingsson ◽  
Hans Rosdahl ◽  
Niklas Psilander
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

Abstract Background The effect of concurrent training on the development of maximal strength is unclear, especially in individuals with different training statuses. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to compare the effect of concurrent resistance and endurance training with that of resistance training only on the development of maximal dynamic strength in untrained, moderately trained, and trained individuals. Methods On the basis of the predetermined criteria, 27 studies that compared effects between concurrent and resistance training only on lower-body 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength were included. The effect size (ES), calculated as the standardised difference in mean, was extracted from each study, pooled, and analysed with a random-effects model. Results The 1RM for leg press and squat exercises was negatively affected by concurrent training in trained individuals (ES =  – 0.35, p < 0.01), but not in moderately trained ( – 0.20, p = 0.08) or untrained individuals (ES = 0.03, p = 0.87) as compared to resistance training only. A subgroup analysis revealed that the negative effect observed in trained individuals occurred only when resistance and endurance training were conducted within the same training session (ES same session =  – 0.66, p < 0.01 vs. ES different sessions =  – 0.10, p = 0.55). Conclusion This study demonstrated the novel and quantifiable effects of training status on lower-body strength development and shows that the addition of endurance training to a resistance training programme may have a negative impact on lower-body strength development in trained, but not in moderately trained or untrained individuals. This impairment seems to be more pronounced when training is performed within the same session than in different sessions. Trained individuals should therefore consider separating endurance from resistance training during periods where the development of dynamic maximal strength is prioritised.

scholarly journals Effects of Single Vs. Multiple Sets Water-Based Resistance Training on Maximal Dynamic Strength in Young Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cristine Koch Buttelli ◽  
Stephanie Santana Pinto ◽  
Maira Cristina Wolf Schoenell ◽  
Bruna Pereira Almada ◽  
Liliana Kologeski Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength ◽  
Single Set

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of single vs. multiple sets water-based resistance training on maximal dynamic strength in young men. Twenty-one physically active young men were randomly allocated into 2 groups: a single set group (SS, n=10) and a multiple sets group (MS, n=11). The single set program consisted of only 1 set of 30 s, whereas the multiple sets comprised 3 sets of 30 s (rest interval between sets equaled 1 min 30 s). All the water-based resistance exercises were performed at maximal effort and both groups trained twice a week for 10 weeks. Upper (bilateral elbow flexors and bilateral elbow extensors, peck deck and inverse peck deck) as well as lower-body (bilateral knee flexors and unilateral knee extensors) one-repetition maximal tests (1RM) were used to assess changes in muscle strength. The training-related effects were assessed using repeated measures two-way ANOVA (α=5%). Both SS and MS groups increased the upper and lower-body 1RM, with no differences between groups. Therefore, these data show that the maximal dynamic strength significantly increases in young men after 10 weeks of training in an aquatic environment, although the improvement in the strength levels is independent of the number of sets performed.

Skeletal muscle adaptations during early phase of heavy-resistance training in men and women

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Staron ◽  
D. L. Karapondo ◽  
W. J. Kraemer ◽  
A. C. Fry ◽  
S. E. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

An 8-wk progressive resistance training program for the lower extremity was performed twice a week to investigate the time course for skeletal muscle adaptations in men and women. Maximal dynamic strength was tested biweekly. Muscle biopsies were extracted at the beginning and every 2 wk of the study from resistance-trained and from nontrained (control) subjects. The muscle samples were analyzed for fiber type composition, cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain content. In addition, fasting blood samples were measured for resting serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone. With the exception of the leg press for women (after 2 wk of training) and leg extension for men (after 6 wk of training), absolute and relative maximal dynamic strength was significantly increased after 4 wk of training for all three exercises (squat, leg press, and leg extension) in both sexes. Resistance training also caused a significant decrease in the percentage of type IIb fibers after 2 wk in women and 4 wk in men, an increase in the resting levels of serum testosterone after 4 wk in men, and a decrease in cortisol after 6 wk in men. No significant changes occurred over time for any of the other measured parameters for either sex. These data suggest that skeletal muscle adaptations that may contribute to strength gains of the lower extremity are similar for men and women during the early phase of resistance training and, with the exception of changes in the fast fiber type composition, that they occur gradually.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training Program on Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength and the Relationship with Cognition in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7687
Author(s):  
Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor ◽  
Alexis Espinoza-Salinas ◽  
Giovanny Arenas-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Pradas de la Fuente ◽  
Juan Antonio Leon-Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

The aim of this study was to study the effects of a resistance training programme on Maximal Dynamic Strength (MDS) and muscle morphology of the upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL), as well as to analyse their association with cognition, in a population of older women. The study had a duration of 24 months and a total of 93 Chilean older women participated. The participants were divided into two groups: the Physical Activity Group (PAG, n = 45, age (X ± SD) 77.93 ± 3.54 years), and the Sedentary Group (SG, n = 48, age (X ± SD) 77.71 ± 3.41 years). The PAG carried out a muscle strength training routine twice per week. The following variables were evaluated: muscle function through maximal dynamic strength (1RM), muscle morphology through arm and calf circumference (AC and CC, respectively), and cognition (Mini Mental State Examination: MMSE). The results show that the SG recorded significant decreases (percent changes; p < 0.05) in the analysed variables: MMSE (−3.5%), MDS in UL (−3.3%), MDS in LL (−4.1%), AC (−4.5%), CC (−4.1%), and BMI (−3.1%). However, the PAG improved significantly in all the analysed variables except in BMI: MMSE (3.9%), MDS in UL (3.6%), MDS in LL (3.5%), AC (1.8%), and CC (2.5%). Moreover, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the changes in the muscle strength variables and the changes in cognition level. Therefore, it can be concluded that a two-year muscle strength training programme (load intensity between 30–55% 1RM) in older women improves Maximal Dynamic Strength in UL and LL, as well as muscle mass in arms and calves. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the changes in muscle strength levels could predict the changes in the levels of cognition in older women.

scholarly journals Joint-Angle Specific Strength Adaptations Influence Improvements in Power in Highly Trained Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Rhea ◽  
Joseph G. Kenn ◽  
Mark D. Peterson ◽  
Drew Massey ◽  
Roberto Simão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Squat Exercise

AbstractPurpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of training at different ranges of motion during the squat exercise on joint-angle specific strength adaptations. Methods. Twenty eight men were randomly assigned to one of three training groups, differing only in the depth of squats (quarter squat, half squat, and full squat) performed in 16-week training intervention. Strength measures were conducted in the back squat pre-, mid-, and post-training at all three depths. Vertical jump and 40-yard sprint time were also measured. Results. Individuals in the quarter and full squat training groups improved significantly more at the specific depth at which they trained when compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05). Jump height and sprint speed improved in all groups (p < 0.05); however, the quarter squat had the greatest transfer to both outcomes. Conclusions. Consistently including quarter squats in workouts aimed at maximizing speed and jumping power can result in greater improvements.

A Nonrandomized Trial of Progressive Resistance Training Intervention in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Implications in Telomere Content

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Libardi Miranda-Furtado ◽  
Fabiene K. Picchi Ramos ◽  
Gislaine Satyko Kogure ◽  
Barbara A. Santana-Lemos ◽  
Rui Alberto Ferriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Progressive Resistance Training ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Nonrandomized Trial ◽  
Progressive Resistance

A Resistance Training Intervention for Adults With Intellectual Disability in the Community: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Iva Obrusnikova ◽  
Albert R. Cavalier ◽  
Richard R. Suminski ◽  
Ashleigh E. Blair ◽  
Cora J. Firkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Exercise ◽  
Experimental Group

Adults with an intellectual disability have significantly lower levels of fitness compared with the general population. This study examined the effects of a 13-week theoretically guided, community-based, multicomponent resistance training intervention, resistance training for empowerment, on muscular strength and independent functional performance in 24 adults with an intellectual disability, aged 18–44 years. Twelve participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group and 12 to an active control group. An analysis of covariance revealed that the experimental group had significantly greater increases (p < .05) on the chest press and leg press one-repetition maximum tests and the 6-min walk test from the baseline to postintervention compared with the control group. The experimental group correctly and independently performed a significantly greater number of steps of resistance training exercise tasks than the control group. Marginal significance and large effect sizes were found for the prone plank test and the stair climb test. The resistance training for empowerment was effective in promoting muscular strength and independent functional performance among adults with an intellectual disability.

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