scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training Program on Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength and the Relationship with Cognition in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7687
Author(s):  
Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor ◽  
Alexis Espinoza-Salinas ◽  
Giovanny Arenas-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Pradas de la Fuente ◽  
Juan Antonio Leon-Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

The aim of this study was to study the effects of a resistance training programme on Maximal Dynamic Strength (MDS) and muscle morphology of the upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL), as well as to analyse their association with cognition, in a population of older women. The study had a duration of 24 months and a total of 93 Chilean older women participated. The participants were divided into two groups: the Physical Activity Group (PAG, n = 45, age (X ± SD) 77.93 ± 3.54 years), and the Sedentary Group (SG, n = 48, age (X ± SD) 77.71 ± 3.41 years). The PAG carried out a muscle strength training routine twice per week. The following variables were evaluated: muscle function through maximal dynamic strength (1RM), muscle morphology through arm and calf circumference (AC and CC, respectively), and cognition (Mini Mental State Examination: MMSE). The results show that the SG recorded significant decreases (percent changes; p < 0.05) in the analysed variables: MMSE (−3.5%), MDS in UL (−3.3%), MDS in LL (−4.1%), AC (−4.5%), CC (−4.1%), and BMI (−3.1%). However, the PAG improved significantly in all the analysed variables except in BMI: MMSE (3.9%), MDS in UL (3.6%), MDS in LL (3.5%), AC (1.8%), and CC (2.5%). Moreover, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the changes in the muscle strength variables and the changes in cognition level. Therefore, it can be concluded that a two-year muscle strength training programme (load intensity between 30–55% 1RM) in older women improves Maximal Dynamic Strength in UL and LL, as well as muscle mass in arms and calves. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the changes in muscle strength levels could predict the changes in the levels of cognition in older women.

Impact of protein supplementation on lean muscle mass in adult survivors of childhood cancer engaged in resistance training.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10027-10027
Author(s):  
Matthew R Krull ◽  
Carrie R. Howell ◽  
Robyn Partin, MS ◽  
Ginger Carney ◽  
Daniel A. Mulrooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass ◽  
Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

10027 Background: Muscle weakness, low lean muscle mass and poor physical performance are prevalent among adult survivors of childhood cancer. We evaluated the effects of resistance training with and without protein supplementation on lean muscle mass, and muscle strength among childhood cancer survivors. Methods: This double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolled survivors aged ≥18 to < 45 years. Participants were randomized to resistance training with daily protein supplement (21g protein/day, 90kcal) (RT+S) or resistance training with placebo (sucrose, 90kcal) (RT+P). Both groups received educational materials, access to a local fitness center and a tailored resistance training program with tapered supervision. Lean muscle mass and muscle strength were assessed at baseline and 24 weeks, using dual x-ray absorptiometry and dynamometer testing respectively. Mean changes were compared within and between groups. Results: Of 93 participants randomized, 57 completed the 24-week intervention (24 in RT+S, 33 in RT+P). The mean age was 33.1 (SD 7.0), 67% were white and 47% female. The RT+S group had a significant increase in lean body mass (1.05 kg [SD 2.34], p = 0.04), while the RT+P group did not (0.13 kg [SD 2.19], p = 0.74). Mean change in handgrip strength also improved in the RT+S group (1.98 [SD 4.30], p = 0.03); change approached significance in the RT+P group (1.49 [SD 4.60], p = 0.07). All survivors significantly improved their strength over time (Table) as measured by one max repetition test at baseline and follow-up. Conclusions: Preliminary findings indicate that a supervised resistance training program among adult survivors of childhood cancer that includes protein supplementation is feasible and may increase total lean body mass and muscle strength. Clinical trial information: NCT02501460. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Zdzieblik ◽  
Steffen Oesser ◽  
Manfred W. Baumstark ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Daniel König
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Collagen Peptides ◽  
Collagen Peptide

AbstractProtein supplementation in combination with resistance training may increase muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly subjects. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of post-exercise protein supplementation with collagen peptidesv.placebo on muscle mass and muscle function following resistance training in elderly subjects with sarcopenia. A total of fifty-three male subjects (72·2 (sd4·68) years) with sarcopenia (class I or II) completed this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. All the participants underwent a 12-week guided resistance training programme (three sessions per week) and were supplemented with either collagen peptides (treatment group (TG)) (15 g/d) or silica as placebo (placebo group (PG)). Fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and bone mass (BM) were measured before and after the intervention using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic quadriceps strength (IQS) of the right leg was determined and sensory motor control (SMC) was investigated by a standardised one-leg stabilisation test. Following the training programme, all the subjects showed significantly higher (P<0·01) levels for FFM, BM, IQS and SMC with significantly lower (P<0·01) levels for FM. The effect was significantly more pronounced in subjects receiving collagen peptides: FFM (TG +4·2 (sd2·31) kg/PG +2·9 (sd1·84) kg;P<0·05); IQS (TG +16·5 (sd12·9) Nm/PG +7·3 (sd13·2) Nm;P<0·05); and FM (TG –5·4 (sd3·17) kg/PG –3·5 (sd2·16) kg;P<0·05). Our data demonstrate that compared with placebo, collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training further improved body composition by increasing FFM, muscle strength and the loss in FM.

scholarly journals A Review on Aging, Sarcopenia, Falls, and Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Filipe Rodrigues ◽  
Christophe Domingos ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Morouço
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resistance Training Program

As aging continues to grow in our society, sarcopenia and associated fall risk is considered a public health problem since falling is the third cause of chronic disability. Falls are negatively related to functionality and independence and positively associated with morbidity and mortality. The cost of treatment of secondary injuries related to falls is high. For example, one in ten fall incidents leads to bone fractures and several other comorbidities. As demonstrated by several experimental studies, adopting a more active lifestyle is critical for reducing the number of fall episodes and their consequences. Therefore, it is essential to debate the proven physical exercise methods to reduce falls and fall-related effects. Since muscle mass, muscle strength, bone density, and cartilage function may play significant roles in daily activities, resistance training may positively and significantly affect the elderly. This narrative review aimed to examine current evidence on existing resistance training using resistance machines and bodyweight or low-cost equipment for the elderly and how they are related to falls and fall-related consequences. We provide theoretical links between aging, sarcopenia, and falls linking to resistance training and offer practical suggestions to exercise professionals seeking to promote regular physical exercise to promote quality of life in this population. Exercise programs focusing on strength may significantly influence muscle mass and muscle strength, minimizing functional decline and risk of falling. Resistance training programs should be customized to each elderly according to age, sex, and other fundamental and individual aspects. This narrative review provides evidence to support recommendations for practical resistance training in the elderly related to intensity and volume. A properly designed resistance training program with adequate instructions and technique is safe for the elderly. It should include an individualized approach based on existing equipment (i.e., body weight, resistance machines). Existing literature shows that exercise performance towards 2–3 sets of 1–2 exercises per major muscle group, performing 5–8 repetitions or achieving intensities of 50–80% of 1RM, 2–3 times per week should be recommended, followed by training principles such as periodization and progression. Bearing this in mind, health and exercise professionals should combine efforts focusing on efficient strategies to reduce falls among the elderly and promote higher experiences of well-being at advanced stages in life.

scholarly journals Effects of resistance training and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Osuka ◽  
Narumi Kojima ◽  
Kyohsuke Wakaba ◽  
Daiji Miyauchi ◽  
Kiyoji Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

IntroductionResistance training (RT) and nutritional supplementation seem to have beneficial effects on muscle properties and physical performance in older adults. However, the reported effects of specific RT programmes and supplementation prescriptions vary among studies. The present study aims to examine the acute and residual effects of RT and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Older women fitting the eligibility criteria were recruited in February 2018 from a population-based sample identified via screening conducted in October 2017. In March 2018, 156 participants were randomly allocated to undergo one of four interventions (RT + HMB, RT + placebo, education + HMB and education + placebo) for 12 weeks. Supervised RT consisted of body weight, elastic band, ankle weight and machine-based exercises two times per week at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG). Each participant ingested HMB (1200 mg) or placebo supplements once daily. Sessions of education not associated with sarcopenia treatment were conducted every 2 weeks. Post-intervention follow-up will be conducted for 12 weeks, until September 2018. The study includes assessments conducted in March (baseline), June (post-intervention) and September 2018 (follow-up). The primary outcome is the longitudinal change in muscle mass. Secondary outcomes include the longitudinal changes in muscle strength, physical performance, muscle thickness, muscle quality, blood counts, blood biochemistry, calf circumference, skin viscoelasticity, habitual dietary intake, habitual physical activity levels, functional capacity and health-related quality of life. Intention-to-treat analyses will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the TMIG, Japan. The study is being conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The findings will be presented at international academic congresses and published in peer-reviewed international journals.Trial registration numberUMIN000028560; Post-results.

scholarly journals The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)

Women ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Lynda B. Ransdell ◽  
Heidi A. Wayment ◽  
Nanette Lopez ◽  
Cori Lorts ◽  
Anna L. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
The Impact

As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.

Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽  
Chrissa L. McClellan ◽  
Elizabeth J. Parks ◽  
Stephen D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Programme

Abstract Ageing is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength, flexibility and balance, resulting in a poor quality of life (QOL). Past studies have occurred in highly controlled laboratory settings which provide strong support to determine whether similar gains can be made in community programmes. Twenty participants were enrolled in an eight-week community-based resistance training programme (mean age = 61.3 (standard error (SE) = 0.9) years); Body Mass Index = 32.0 (SE = 1.3) kg/m2). All participants completed surveys to assess outcomes associated with QOL. Given the relationship between muscle function and nerve health, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were also conducted in a separate group of participants (mean age = 64.9 (SE = 2.0) years; Body Mass Index = 32.6 (SE = 1.9) kg/m2). This community-based training programme significantly improved QOL measures in older adults (p < 0.001). Although weight loss was not the primary outcome of the study, participants reduced their body weights (p < 0.001), by primarily reducing fat mass (p = 0.007) while maintaining muscle mass. Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (2.2%), flexibility and balance (3.2–464.2%, p ⩽ 0.05 for all). Improvements were also observed in plasma glucose (p = 0.05), haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.06) and aldolase enzyme levels (p < 0.001). Scores for surveys on memory and sleep improved (p < 0.05). Improved QOL was associated with increased lean mass (r = −0.714, p = 0.002), decreased fat mass (r = −0.702, p = 0.003) and improved flexibility and balance (r = −0.627, p = 0.008). An eight-week, community-based resistance training programme significantly improved QOL in older adults. Influence on the lipid profile and NCS still needs further investigation.

Water-based resistance training program with isolated concentric action improves physical functional capacity and muscular strength in older women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Victoria Costa Freitas ◽  
Inês Amanda Streit ◽  
Josefina Bertoli ◽  
Kayth Andrade Nascimento ◽  
Maria Carolina Oliveira de Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Water Based

scholarly journals Development of Maximal Dynamic Strength During Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training in Untrained, Moderately Trained, and Trained Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-1010
Author(s):  
Henrik Petré ◽  
Erik Hemmingsson ◽  
Hans Rosdahl ◽  
Niklas Psilander
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

Abstract Background The effect of concurrent training on the development of maximal strength is unclear, especially in individuals with different training statuses. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to compare the effect of concurrent resistance and endurance training with that of resistance training only on the development of maximal dynamic strength in untrained, moderately trained, and trained individuals. Methods On the basis of the predetermined criteria, 27 studies that compared effects between concurrent and resistance training only on lower-body 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength were included. The effect size (ES), calculated as the standardised difference in mean, was extracted from each study, pooled, and analysed with a random-effects model. Results The 1RM for leg press and squat exercises was negatively affected by concurrent training in trained individuals (ES =  – 0.35, p < 0.01), but not in moderately trained ( – 0.20, p = 0.08) or untrained individuals (ES = 0.03, p = 0.87) as compared to resistance training only. A subgroup analysis revealed that the negative effect observed in trained individuals occurred only when resistance and endurance training were conducted within the same training session (ES same session =  – 0.66, p < 0.01 vs. ES different sessions =  – 0.10, p = 0.55). Conclusion This study demonstrated the novel and quantifiable effects of training status on lower-body strength development and shows that the addition of endurance training to a resistance training programme may have a negative impact on lower-body strength development in trained, but not in moderately trained or untrained individuals. This impairment seems to be more pronounced when training is performed within the same session than in different sessions. Trained individuals should therefore consider separating endurance from resistance training during periods where the development of dynamic maximal strength is prioritised.

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