New Wine in Old Bottles? England's Parish and Town Councils and New Labour's Neighbourhood Experiment

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jones
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Grass Roots

This paper deals with English parish and town councils in the context of English local government reform. It explores their potential for community and local economic development and in fulfilling a role in neighbourhood government in the light of the current UK Government's declared intention of empowering neighbourhoods. There are some suggestions for the development of realistic ‘grass roots’ local government and examples of involvement in local area regeneration. It ends with some thoughts on legislation currently (June 2007) before Parliament, and in particular on their reception in London. Much of material on which this paper is based was gathered through project work undertaken for Defra, the Countryside Agency (now the Commission for Rural Communities) and the Society for Local Council Clerks, dealing, with variously, the capacity and democratic legitimacy of local councils and their relationship with principal authorities and other community and statutory agencies. Altogether, approximately 130 interviews were conducted with parish and town council councillors and clerks, officers and members of principal authorities, and officers of County Associations of Local Councils. A case study approach was adopted, covering a large number of English counties and the cities of Bradford and Milton Keynes.

scholarly journals What Are the Impacts of Social Innovation? A Synthetic Review and Case Study of Community Forestry in the Scottish Highlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4359
Author(s):  
Carla Barlagne ◽  
Mariana Melnykovych ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Richard J. Hewitt ◽  
Laura Secco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Study Approach

In a context of political and economic austerity, social innovation has been presented as a solution to many social challenges, old and new. It aims to support the introduction of new ideas in response to the current urgent needs and challenges of vulnerable groups and seems to offer promising solutions to the challenges faced by rural areas. Yet the evidence base of the impacts on the sustainable development of rural communities remains scarce. In this paper, we explore social innovation in the context of community forestry and provide a brief synthetic review of key themes linking the two concepts. We examine a case of social innovation in the context of community forestry and analyse its type, extent, and scale of impact in a marginalized rural area of Scotland. Using an in-depth case study approach, we apply a mixed research methodology using quantitative indicators of impact as well as qualitative data. Our results show that social innovation reinforces the social dimension of community forestry. Impacts are highlighted across domains (environmental, social, economic, and institutional/governance) but are mainly limited to local territory. We discuss the significance of those results in the context of community forestry as well as for local development. We formulate policy recommendations to foster and sustain social innovation in rural areas.

Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Family Farms and the Dairy Industry

2022 ◽  
pp. 898-916
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ratten ◽  
Leo-Paul Dana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
International Standing ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategies

There has been increasing recognition that for regional competitiveness in rural areas there needs to be a focus on sustainable farming initiatives especially for family farms that are competing with global conglomerates. Family farms, whilst declining in number, are the purpose of this paper studying the rural entrepreneurship in family farms as they are at the heart of rural communities and the overall agricultural industry and comprise a high percentage of total farms. This paper takes a case study approach using in-depth semi structured interviews to delve into the types of entrepreneurial strategies that are distinctive of family farms in terms of their sustainability approach to farming. Dairy farms in the West Victorian area of Australia are studied and the findings suggest that family farms can increase their regional competitiveness and international standing by focusing on their collaborative, social and sustainable entrepreneurial strategies.

scholarly journals The Indigenisation Policy and Economic Emancipation in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of the Zimunya-Marange Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Zvavahera Promise ◽  
Chigora Farai ◽  
Tandi Roselyn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

This study sought to evaluate the impact of the Indigenisation Policy on the socio-economic emancipation of rural communities in Zimbabwe. A case study approach was taken focusing on the Marange and Zimunya communities in Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe, where diamonds are being mined. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were applied to get a balanced view from these two communities on their socio-economic improvement because of the mining of diamonds, which are a valuable natural resource found in these two communities. Purposive sampling was applied to come up with the sample of senior politicians and traditional leaders. Two Focus groups were formed in the two communities. The study established that the five diamond mining companies doing business in the two communities had failed to honour their pledges of contributing USD10 million each towards the development of the two communities. Only USD400 000 was contributed by two mining companies at the time of the study. Ninety five percent (95%) of the respondents reported that there were no projects that were being implemented to benefit the local communities. It was therefore, concluded that there was limited socio-economic empowerment of the Marange-Zimunya communities by the diamond mining companies. The study recommended the intervention by the Government in order for these mining companies to honour their pledges by coming up with empowerment projects and also by allowing the two communities to have shares in these companies so that they could be economically empowered.

scholarly journals The Role of Pentahelix Actors for Sawahlunto City to be Deemed a Unesco World Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Reza Permadi ◽  
Fahriza Junizar ◽  
Nurul Aldha Mauliddinna Siregar ◽  
Ute Lies Siti Khadijah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Mining City ◽  
Heritage Site

The coal mine closures have turned Sawahlunto into an idle city. By integrating the post-mining sites landscape and the Dutch colonial architecture heritage, Sawahlunto becomes a city of a kind. Therefore, the local government and the legislature (DPRD) as well as other stakeholders created a vision for Sawahlunto as a “A Cultural Tourism Mining City” in 2020, set in Local Government Regulation (PERDA) No 2 of 2001. The year 2020 was set as a target to motivate the local government and stakeholders to achieve the vision. As a matter of fact, Sawahlunto has been included as a World Heritage site by UNESCO as of 2019. This research aims to understand the role of stakeholders in developing and rebranding Sawahlunto, by using the Pentahelix model. This research uses a qualitative method along with the case study approach as well as utilizing interviews, observations and archival study as the types of research methodology. Finally, the result of this research shows that the stakeholders carry out their roles well and fully support the vision of Sawahlunto city.

Spontaneous cognitive liberation in the context of rights-defending actions: A case study of the evolution of homeowner activists’ rights consciousness

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Sun ◽  
Ronggui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Rights Consciousness

Empirical studies on Chinese homeowners’ activism regarding defending their rights focus mostly on either political opportunities or resource mobilization and often neglect the cognitive process of homeowner activists in developing their rights consciousness. This study attempts to use the perspective of framing and cognitive liberation to gain a nuanced understanding of activists’ subjective cognition in their actions aimed at defending their rights. An analytic framework is proposed which examines two aspects of homeowners’ rights consciousness: the referent of rights (property rights versus rights to self-governance) and the nature of rights (reactive versus proactive). Data were collected from Sina Weibo tweets posted by homeowner activists in the period 2011 to 2015. The results show that activists are universally aware of property rights and are increasingly proactive in seeking self-governance. Subsequent interviews of a group of activists revealed a spontaneous and interactive process of cognitive liberation that derives from both the first-hand experiences and the online discussions with fellow activists. Social media provide platforms upon which activists can exchange information, form networks, and learn from each other about common issues and obstacles and, thus, they promote collective consciousness and facilitate cognitive liberation. This suggests that future studies of activism regarding homeowners’ defence of rights should shift from an event-centered case study approach to an issue-centered analysis of the grass-roots rights movement as a whole.

scholarly journals Ambon City Local Government Medium-Term Development (RPJMD): Culture Transmission Through Panas Pela of Education as A Peacebuilding

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Asyrul Fikri ◽  
Anju Nofarof Hasudungan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Education Activity

Pela Gandong local wisdom has played a significant role as a media for Ambon conflict resolution. The existence of dialogue and communication based on Pela Gandong culture can bring mutually battling parties to achieve peace. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to describe how SMPN 4 Salahutu Liang Central Maluku with 100% Muslim students also, SMPN 9 Ambon City with 99% of their Christian/Catholic students in implementing Panas Pela of Education as the transmission of Pela Gandong culture as an implementation of the Ambon City Regional Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMD). Panas Pela of education is an assemblage of students with different religions tore-warm the sibling relationship (Pela Gandong). This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data collection is done by participatory observation, literature study, document analysis, and interviews. The results showed that the Panas Pela of Education activity on January 29, 2018, had succeeded in transmitting Pela Gandong culture to students to maintain peace. It can be seen by student’s ability from both schools to blend in with one another without segregation and together celebrate the Panas Pela of Education. It is expected that the field of education implementing Panas Pela of Education sustainably. It will surely be successful because the local wisdom of the Pela Gandong has been integrated into the Ambon City Local Government Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMD).

scholarly journals Menakar Representasi Dalam Konflik di Pulau Pari Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta

ijd-demos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Nur Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Representation Theory ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Land Conflict ◽  
Study Approach

This research discuss about land conflict between actors happen in Pari Island involving society, local government and sovereign conflict happen because there are struggle land ownership namely society and sovereign claim each other ownership right to the land. The conflict gets worse when there are not clarity of local government in respon this problem, even local government tend to support one of them. This research aim for knowing th spread of conflict in Pari Island through representation theory from Hanna F. Pitkin, that are formalistic representation, deskriptif representation, symbolic representation, and subtantantif representation. Research methods using qualitative method with case study approach, as for data used are primary and secondary. The result of this research showing that land conflict in Pari Island consists of two forms namely vertical and horizontal. Power relation which comes from actors are involved in this conflict seen in the perspective representation theory. Namely, the societies leads to symbolic representation and descriptive representation. While local government as formalistic representation and Ombudsman as substantive representation. Penelitian ini membahas tentang konflik pertanahan antar aktor yang terjadi di Pulau Pari, yang melibatkan masyarakat, Pemerintah daerah dan Penguasa. Konflik terjadi karena adanya perebutan kepemilikan tanah dimana masyarakat dan penguasa saling mengklaim kepemilikan hak atas tanah tersebut. Konflik semakin parah ketika tidak ada kejelasan Pemerintah Daerah dalam menyikapi permasalahan yang ada, bahkan pemerintah daerah cenderung mendukung salah satu pihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persebaran konflik di Pulau Pari melalui teori representasi dari Hanna.F.Pitkin yang terdiri dari representasi formalistik, deskriptif, simbolik, dan substantif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, adapun data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa konflik pertanahan di Pulau Pari terdiri dari 2 bentuk yakni vertikal dan horizontal. Relasi kuasa yang berasal dari aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam konflik dilihat dalam sudut pandang teori representasi dimana masyarakat mengarah pada representasi simbolik dan deskrtiptif. Sedangkan pemerintah masuk dalam representasi formalistik dan Ombudsman sebagai representasi Substantif.

scholarly journals Ghanaian views of short-term medical missions: The pros, the cons, and the possibilities for improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Efua Esaaba Mantey ◽  
Daniel Doh ◽  
Judith N. Lasker ◽  
Sirry Alang ◽  
Peter Donkor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Medical Missions ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Abstract Background Various governments in Ghana have tried to improve healthcare in the country. Despite these efforts, meeting health care needs is a growing concern to government and their citizens. Short term medical missions from other countries are one of the responses to meet the challenges of healthcare delivery in Ghana. This research aimed to understand Ghanaian perceptions of short-term missions from the narratives of host country staff involved. The study from which this paper is developed used a qualitative design, which combined a case study approach and political economy analysis involving in-depth interviews with 28 participants. Result Findings show short term medical mission programs in Ghana were largely undertaken in rural communities to address shortfalls in healthcare provision to these areas. The programs were often delivered free and were highly appreciated by communities and host institutions. While the contributions of STMM to health service provision have been noted, there were challenges associated with how they operated. The study found concerns over language and how volunteers effectively interacted with communities. Other identified challenges were the extent to which volunteers undermined local expertise, using fraudulent qualifications by some volunteers, and poor skills and lack of experience leading to wrong diagnoses sometimes. The study found a lack of awareness of rules requiring the registration of practitioners with national professional regulatory bodies, suggesting non enforcement of volunteers’ need for local certification. Conclusion Short Term Medical Missions appear to contribute to addressing some of the critical gaps in healthcare delivery. However, there is an urgent need to address the challenges of ineffective utilisation and lack of oversight of these programs to maximise their benefits.

scholarly journals KONFLIK POLITIK ANTARA GUBERNUR DAN DPRD DKI JAKARTA DALAM PROSES PENETAPAN APBD 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainul Jumadin ◽  
Yusuf Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Interesting Study

<h1 align="center">ABSTRAK</h1><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Dalam penyelenggaraan sistem otonomi daerah dan desentralisasi, diskursus tentang pola relasi kekuasaan antara Kepala Daerah dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) menjadi kajian menarik. Hal ini mengingat dalam prakteknya, pasang surut hubungan Kepala Daerah dan DPRD dipengaruhi oleh dinamika politik yang berkembang di daerah, seperti halnya yang terjadi dalam konflik Gubernur dan DPRD DKI Jakarta Penetapan APBD Tahun 2015. Konflik antara Gubernur DKI Basuki Tjahaya Purnama dan DPRD menarik untuk diteliti tidak hanya banyak menyita perhatian publik, namun yang lebih penting kasus ini merupakan preseden buruk bagi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah. Beranjak dari hal tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya konflik antara Gubernur dan DPRD DKI Jakarta Dalam Penetapan APBD Tahun 2015, serta untuk memahami pola yang digunakan dalam penyelesaian konflik politik antara Gubernur DPRD DKI Jakarta Dalam Penetapan APBD Tahun 2015.</p><p>Dalam rangka menjawab permasalahan penelitian, teori yang digunakan menggunakan teori yang dikemukakan Paul M. Collier yang menyebutkan bahwa secara garis besar konflik politik disebabkan oleh dua hal, yakni karena perbedaan kepentingan, dan perebutan sumber daya (<em>resources</em>) yang langka atau sangat terbatas. Sedangkan teori penyelesaian konflik politik yang digunakan teori yang dikemukakan Simon Fisher, yang menyebutkan pola penyelesaian konflik terbagi menjadi tiga cara, yakni negosiasi, mediasi, dan arbitrase. Sesuai dengan tujuan yang ingin dicapai, maka penelitian ini didesain dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan studi kasus (<em>case study</em>).</p><p>Dari hasil temuan penelitian menyebutkan bahwa faktor utama penyebab konflik antara Gubernur dan DPRD DKI Jakarta dalam penetapan APBD tahun 2015 adalah faktor pemerintahan daerah yang terbelah (<em>divided local government</em>), dan faktor perbedaan kepentingan politik antara Gubernur dan DPRD DKI Jakarta. Konflik antara Gubernur dan DPRD DKI Jakarta akhirnya menemukan titik temu setelah melalui proses panjang dalam upaya penyelesaiannya. Pola penyelesaian konflik yang digunakan adalah pendekatan mediasi, dengan mengikutsertakan Kementeriaan Dalam Negeri RI dalam penyelesaian konflik tersebut, untuk menemukan titik temu yang saling menguntungkan kedua belah pihak.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci: Konflik Politik, Hubungan Kepala Daerah dan DPRD</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> </p><p>In the implementation of regional autonomy and decentralization systems, the discourse on the pattern of power relations between the Regional Head and the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) is an interesting study. This is because in practice, the ups and downs of the relationship between the Regional Head and the Regional Parliament are influenced by the political dynamics that develop in the region, as was the case in the conflict between the Governor and the Regional Parliament of DKI Jakarta. Determination of the 2015 APBD. not only attracted a lot of public attention, but more importantly this case was a bad precedent for the administration of regional government. Starting from this, this study aims to analyze the factors that cause conflicts between the Governor and the DKI Jakarta DPRD in the 2015 APBD Determination, and to understand the patterns used in resolving political conflicts between the Governor of the DKI Jakarta DPRD in the 2015 APBD Determination.</p><p>In order to answer the research problem, the theory used uses the theory put forward by Paul M. Collier who states that in general political conflict is caused by two things, namely because of differences in interests, and the seizure of scarce or very limited resources. While the theory of political conflict resolution used by Simon Fisher's theory, which states the pattern of conflict resolution is divided into three ways, namely negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. In accordance with the objectives to be achieved, this study was designed using qualitative research methods, with a case study approach.</p><p>From the research findings, it is stated that the main factors causing conflict between the Governor and the DKI Jakarta DPRD in determining the 2015 APBD are the divided local government factor, and the difference in political interests between the Governor and the DKI Jakarta DPRD. The conflict between the Governor and the DKI Jakarta DPRD finally found a common ground after a long process of resolution. The pattern of conflict resolution used is a mediation approach, by involving the Indonesian Ministry of Internal Affairs in resolving the conflict, to find a meeting point that is mutually beneficial to both parties.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Political Conflict, Relationship between Regional Head and DPRD</p>

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