Major life events as risk factors for post-stroke depression

Brain Injury ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEVERLY A. BUSH
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-236
Author(s):  
Jessa Koch ◽  
Sarah Ward ◽  
Bobbie Martin ◽  
Christopher Thomas

Abstract Introduction The term suicidality describes the multitude of behaviors related to suicide: suicidal ideation, self-injurious behavior, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. Risk factors associated with increased suicidality in individuals include specific demographics, medical and psychologic conditions, socioeconomic status, family history, and major life events. In addition to baseline risk factors, there have been reports of numerous medications associated with increased suicidality in patients. Most of these medications are antiepileptics and antidepressants. Because of the contradictory risk posed by the exact medications prescribed to treat depression and psychologic conditions, the nonpsychotropic medications with reports of suicidality are often overshadowed. Methods Medications with FDA-issued warnings were reviewed for inclusion. Further medications were identified through PubMed literature review. Results Eight medications with various indications were identified and evidence is assessed regarding risk of suicidality. Discussion This review evaluates the current literature for nonpsychotropic medications that have been implicated in treatment-emergent suicidality.


2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Anika von Heymann ◽  
Christoffer Johansen

Interest in psychosocial risk factors for cancer is and has been large among patients, health care professionals, and researchers for many years. Because of this great interest and the potential implications of personal guilt and blame for patients with cancer of the notion of psychosocial cancer causation, it is paramount that the research field adhere to stringent criteria for assessing causality. However, many conclusions drawn about psychosocial risk factors have been based on studies that cannot address strict criteria for causality. This chapter therefore begins by summarizing the standards necessary to provide evidence for causality, and then covers studies that make use of stringent methods to assess the effects of major life events and stress, depression and depressive mood, and personality on cancer incidence. Where available, evidence on cancer prognosis and mechanisms is likewise included. In general, studies in which the data on exposure and outcome are collected independently from each other and from the hypothesis investigated often fail to find an effect of life events or stress on cancer incidence. Likewise, most studies of depression and personality also do not find convincing associations with cancer incidence. Overall, the evidence summarized in this chapter conveys the reassuring message that cancer patients need not blame their personality, prior depression, or stressful life experiences for their disease. Still, the subject remains controversial and a field of intense debate.


1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen D. Kanner ◽  
James C. Coyne ◽  
Catherine Schaefer ◽  
Richard S. Lazarus

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy F. M. G. Berden ◽  
Monika Althaus ◽  
Frank C. Verhulst

Author(s):  
Valentina Hlebec ◽  
Maja Mrzel ◽  
Tina Kogovšek

Some studies (e.g., Kogovšek & Hlebec, 2008, 2009) have shown that the name generator and the role relation approaches to measuring social networks are to some extent comparable, but less so the name generator and the event-related approaches (Hlebec, Mrzel, & Kogovšek, 2009). In this chapter, the composition of the social support network assessed by both the general social support approach and the event-related approach (support during 15 major life events) is analyzed and compared. In both cases, the role relation approach is used. In addition, in both approaches a more elaborate (16 possible categories ranging from partner, mother, father, friend to no one) and a more simple (6 possible categories ranging from family member, friend, neighbor to no one) response format is applied and compared. The aim of the chapter is to establish, in a controlled quasi-experiment setting, whether the different approaches (i.e. the general social support and the event-related approach) produce similar social networks regardless of the response format (long vs. short).


Author(s):  
Arun S. Karlamangla ◽  
Teresa E. Seeman

Psychosocial factors over the life course and major life events are associated with the health, functional status, and survival of older adults. This chapter discusses the biological mechanisms through which these influences are thought to operate, and how life stresses might accelerate the usual ageing of biological systems. It starts with a brief description of psychosocial determinants of health and functioning before elaborating on the allostatic mechanisms by which the body adapts its internal physiological milieu in response to perceived stressors. The price paid for frequent and recurring adaptation is eventual dysregulation of the mediators of allostasis, or allostatic load. We close with a brief discussion of allostatic load links to health outcomes in older adults and potential interventions that might ameliorate the impact of psychosocial adversities on health.


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