scholarly journals Risk and Protective Factors in Mothers With a History of Incarceration: Do Relationships Buffer the Effects of Trauma Symptoms and Substance Abuse History?

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Abuse History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Risk and Protective Factors for Breast Cancer in Midwest of Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Emi Inumaru ◽  
Maíra Irineu Gomes Duarte Quintanilha ◽  
Érika Aparecida da Silveira ◽  
Maria Margareth Veloso Naves
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leisure Physical Activity ◽  
Control Study

Patterns of physical activity, body composition, and breastfeeding are closely related to health and are influenced by environmental, economic, and social factors. With the increase of sedentary lifestyle and overweight, many chronic diseases have also increased, including cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and the knowledge of its risk and protective factors is important to the adoption of primary prevention strategies. We aimed to investigate some risk and protective factors for breast cancer among women from Midwest Brazil. It is a case-control study of outpatient basis, carried out with 93 breast cancer cases and 186 controls. Socioeconomic, gynecological, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables were collected, and odds ratios (ORs) values were estimated (significance level, 5%; confidence interval (CI), 95%). Per capita income equal to or lower than 1/2 Brazilian minimum wage (OR=1.88;CI=1.06–3.29), residence in rural area (OR=4.93;CI=1.65–14.73), and presence of family history of breast cancer (OR=5.38;CI=1.46–19.93) are risk factors for breast cancer. In turn, physical activity (past 6 months) (OR=0.23;CI=0.10–0.55) and leisure physical activity at 20 years old (OR=0.13;CI=0.03–0.54) are protective factors for the disease in women who live in Midwest of Brazil.

Associations between family history of cardiovascular disease, knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and health behaviours

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi Sud ◽  
Bapti Roy ◽  
Jonathan Emerson ◽  
Annemarie Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Strong Family History ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
History Of

The objective of the study was to examine associations between family history of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), knowledge of CVD risk and protective factors, and health behaviours. The design was via administration of a questionnaire to 307 participants from four general practice centre waiting rooms in the Sydney West area. The most recognised CVD risk factor was smoking (97.7%) and the most recognised CVD protective factor was omega-3 fatty acids (78.5%). After adjustment for age, sex, education attainment and personal history of CVD, a strong family history of premature CVD was associated with being more likely to interpret a blood pressure of 130/85 as a CVD risk factor (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.07–7.14), but less likely to identify being an ex-smoker (compared with never having smoked before) as a risk factor (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.12–0.90). Those with a strong family history of premature CVD, on average, had smoked 0.82 pack years more than those with an average family history of premature CVD (s.e. 4.22, P = 0.04). In conclusion, there continues to be both strengths and deficits in the community’s overall knowledge of CVD risk and protective factors, and a strong family history of premature CVD appears to be an independent risk factor for smoking.

Adapting the Vocational Evaluation Process for Clients with a Substance Abuse History

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Julie K. Grissom ◽  
Garth M. Eldredge ◽  
Raymond E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Abuse History ◽  
Evaluation Report ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselor ◽  
Actual Evaluation ◽  
Vocational Evaluation ◽  
History Of

The purpose of this article is to educate rehabilitation counselors to needed adaptations to the vocational evaluation process for clients with a history of substance abuse. Practical suggestions are listed in respect to (1) the referral of a client with substance abuse, (2) the actual evaluation center visit and (3) the evaluation report components. The referring rehabilitation counselor is encouraged to take the initiative in ensuring the vocational evaluation process is adapted for the client with a substance abuse disability.

scholarly journals Risk and Protective Factors for Men’s Sexual Violence Against Women at Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review of the Longitudinal Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802097090
Author(s):  
Bridget Steele ◽  
Mackenzie Martin ◽  
Alexa Yakubovich ◽  
David K. Humphreys ◽  
Elizabeth Nye
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
School Students ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
History Of

Sexual violence among higher education institution (HEI) students is a growing public health concern. To date, there is little evidence on how to effectively prevent sexual violence among this demographic. This study is the first systematic review to meta-analyze all available evidence for risk and protective factors of sexual violence perpetrated by men at HEIs. We searched four electronic databases and multiple gray literature sources. We screened studies using prespecified selection criteria for the sample (HEI students who identify as men), outcome (sexual violence perpetration against peers), and study design (quantitative and longitudinal). Longitudinal studies provide the most rigorous available evidence on risk and protective factors. We identified 16 studies and meta-analyzed eight different risk factors: alcohol consumption, hostility toward women, delinquency, fraternity membership, history of sexual violence perpetration, rape myth acceptance, age at first sex, and peer approval of sexual violence. We deemed included studies to have a varied risk of bias and the overall quality of evidence to range from moderate to high. History of sexual violence perpetration (perpetration prior to entering an HEI) emerged as the strongest predictor of sexual violence perpetration at HEIs, complicating the notion that HEI environments themselves foster a culture of sexual violence. Peer support for sexual violence predicted perpetration while individual rape-supporting beliefs did not. Our findings suggest that interventions targeting peer norms (e.g., bystander interventions) and early sexual violence prevention and consent interventions for high school and elementary school students could be effective in reducing and preventing sexual violence at HEIs.

scholarly journals Transitions in alcohol use over time: a survival analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura B. Koenig ◽  
Jon Randolph Haber ◽  
Theodore Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The current study examined the predictors of the onset of alcohol use as well as predictors of remission and relapse, both from heavy drinking and from alcohol dependence. Similarities and differences in both clinical and psychosocial predictors across the transitions were examined. Methods A sample of men from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (N = 1769) completed an assessment of lifetime drinking history, which allowed age markers for starting and stopping different drinking patterns. The men also completed various assessments regarding personality, alcohol motives, and psychiatric diagnoses. Survival analyses were used to examine the predictors of the three transitions of onset, remission, and relapse for the phenotypes of heavy drinking and of alcohol dependence, censoring the individuals who had not yet experienced an event. Results As expected, predictors of onset for drinking, heavy drinking, and alcohol dependence were largely consistent and included externalizing symptomology, nicotine dependence, and cotwin history of drinking as risk factors. Predictors of remission from heavy drinking, somewhat similarly to remission from alcohol dependence, included the risk factor of externalizing disorders but also, as predicted, included more risk and protective factors in the psychosocial realm that were not predictors of onset. Contrary to our prediction, relapse to heavy drinking and alcohol dependence were predicted largely by unique psychosocial risk and protective factors including social and coping motives. Conclusion Current findings extend the findings of past research to remission and relapse in the later decades of life and have implications for treatment of alcohol use problems.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors for acute mountain sickness: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Recalde ◽  
Leire Alargunsoro ◽  
Fermin I. Milagro ◽  
Ricardo Ibañez ◽  
Andrea Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rapid Ascent ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Abstract BackgroundCurrently, many people reach 3000-meter summits or greater. Some of these climbers suffer from acute mountain sickness (AMS), while others remain symptom-free. Some risk factors for AMS are well defined, such as lack of pre-acclimatization, rapid ascent, maximum altitude, and resilience at low altitude. However, there are other poorly described associated factors, such as sex, age, smoking, body mass index, medication use, and awareness or history of AMS. The objective of this meta-analysis was to establish the risk and protective factors associated with AMS. MethodsPubMed, UNIKA, and Scopus databases were searched in July 2020 for articles to include in the analysis. AMS was separately evaluated by the Lake Louise Score (LLS) and Hackett’s Score (HS). After screening and application of eligibility criteria, 14 articles were included in the meta-analysis (LLS = 12 and HS = 2). ResultsA total of 18,938 participants were included in the study with 17,450 in the LLS group and 1,488 in the HS group. In the LLS group, smoking (odds ratio [OR] 0.76 [0.63-0.92]; χ2 = 10.3; I2 = 61.2%), history of AMS (OR 1.16 [1.03-1.32]; χ2 = 12.2; I2 = 67%), altitude preexposure (OR 0.68 [0.5-0.91]; χ2 = 22.21; I2 = 82%; τ2 = 0.06), and maximum altitude (OR 2.01 (1.07-3.77) (χ2 = 19.15. I2 = 89.6%. τ2 = 0.26) were statistically significant. In the HS group, age >35 years (OR 0.72 [0.52-0.99]; χ2 = 2.14; I2 = 6.7%) and a history of AMS (OR 8.2 [3.28-20.54]; χ2 = 3.7; I2 = 73%; τ2 = 0.32) were found to be statistically significant. ConclusionsThis study suggests that younger age, non-smoking, history of AMS, nonacclimatization, and hiking to a high maximum altitude (>2500m) increases the possibility of suffering from AMS.

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