OPTIMALE BESTUURSTRATEGIEË VIR TIPIESE BOERE IN DIE VAALHARTSBESPROEIINGSGEBIED TYDENS TOESTANDE VAN WISSELENDE WATERVOORSIENING / OPTIMUM MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR TYPICAL FARMERS IN THE VAALHARTS IRRIGATION AREA DURING CONDITIONS OF VARIABLE WATER SUPPLY (With a more comprehensive summary at the end of the article)

Scientific and reasonable water price is the foundation of beneficial operation of water supply project, and water pricing is on the basis of per cubic meter water supply cost. According to characteristics of water supply project in the plain irrigation area of the Yellow River, a research on calculation methods of agricultural water supply cost is made. Calculation formulas of project lines are put forward and an example was given.

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A Large Cardiac Mass: Diagnosis of Caseous Mitral Annular Calcification and Determining Optimum Management Strategy

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/637374 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emanuel A. Shapera ◽

Afshin Karimi ◽

Luis R. Castellanos

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Mitral Annular Calcification ◽

Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽

Blurry Vision ◽

Intracardiac Masses ◽

Optimum Management ◽

Annular Calcification ◽

Head Neck ◽

Chest Ct Scan

A 64-year-old woman with dizziness and blurry vision underwent an evaluation for a possible stroke with a head-neck CT scan and a transthoracic echocardiogram. The head-neck CT scan was unremarkable, but the echocardiogram was notable for a2.0×2.3 cm heterogeneous echodensity attached to the mitral valve. After a transesophageal echocardiogram and chest CT scan, the mass was determined to be a caseous mitral annular calcification, CMAC. This entity is a rare variant of MAC with an estimated prevalence of 0.068%. Echocardiographic techniques can distinguish CMAC from other intracardiac masses such as tumor, cyst, or abscess. CMAC is associated with cerebrovascular accidents; however, optimal treatment is controversial given the rarity of this clinical finding. Management strategies should be tailored based on the patient’s presentation, risk factors, and overall clinical circumstances.

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Effect on Milk Production and Income Over Feed Cost from Following Less than Optimum Management Strategies Related to Dairy Cow Replacement

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s0081305200011341 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 139-145

Author(s):

Richard W. Rundell

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Feed Cost ◽

High Production ◽

Costs Of Production ◽

Feed Costs ◽

Optimum Management

Dairy farmers, as profit maximizers, are constantly striving to expand the income producing ability of their dairy herds. As managers of their business, their direct concern is to attain high production per cow and enhance the average quality of their herd by removal of the unprofitable producers. They are also striving to earn a large income above feed costs, since feed costs comprise 50 percent or more of the costs of production. This value must be high enough to pay for the other costs of production, including a return to capital and operators labor, to return a profit. Proper culling or the identification and subsequent removal of the lower producing cows from a herd is important because of the increased average milk production and the resulting increased income above feed costs.

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A system for modelling groundwater contamination in water supply areas: chloride contamination from road de-icing as an example

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2006.0004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Riitta Lindström

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Groundwater Contamination ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Transport Models ◽

The Road ◽

Potential Groundwater ◽

Pumping Rates ◽

Different Parts

A system for modelling groundwater contamination in water supply areas is presented, consisting of the flow and transport models, MACRO for the unsaturated zone and MOC for the groundwater zone, coupled to the geographical information system, IDRISI. A graphical user interface links the different parts of the system. The system was applied to a water supply area located close to a major road south of Stockholm. Chloride was used as an indicator in determining the risk for groundwater contamination from the road. The future chloride concentration in the aquifer was predicted and the effects of different pumping rates on the chemistry of the water supply well were tested. Modelling results showed that the chloride concentration in the aquifer will increase substantially due to road de-icing and that it will take decades to lower the chloride concentration down to the original background values after an end to the use of de-icing salt. The system may serve as a valuable tool in a planning context. Potential groundwater contamination scenarios can be simulated, and alternative groundwater management strategies can be evaluated.

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Management Strategies for the Lower Seyhan Catchment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0518 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 177-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aylin K. Onur ◽

Elif Ekemen ◽

Selçuk Soyupak ◽

Coşkun Yurteri

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Management Policy ◽

Alternative Systems ◽

Actual Field ◽

Cost Implications ◽

Optimum Management ◽

Seyhan Dam

The Seyhan river has a total catchment area of 20,731 km2 with major pollution sources located downstream of the Seyhan Dam in Adana. The so-called Lower Seyhan, is under the threat of not only domestic and industrial wastewater discharges originating from the metropolitan area of Adana, but also agricultural wastes of the fertile Çukurova Plain. In this study, the present and future water quality characteristics of the Lower Seyhan have been investigated by means of a mathematical modelling study based on actual field data as well as in-situ water quality measurements. The model of choice was the QUAL2EU. The behaviour of the Lower Seyhan was studied under different pollution control scenarios in order to develop plausible water quality management strategies for the target year of 2010. As a result of these studies, two alternative systems were proposed for the management of the wastewater sources within the Lower Seyhan catchment. Alternative wastewater treatment plant designs and their cost implications were evaluated by means of the CAPDET-PC software package. A user-charging scheme and an optimisation model that can be used for demonstrating the economic viability of the proposed systems were also developed for obtaining a cost-optimum management policy for both municipalities and industrial establishments of the area.

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Coping with poor water supply in peri-urban Bandung, Indonesia: towards a framework for understanding risks and aversion behaviours

Environment and Urbanization ◽

10.1177/0956247816686485 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 69-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Anindrya Nastiti ◽

Barti Setiani Muntalif ◽

Dwina Roosmini ◽

Arief Sudradjat ◽

S V Meijerink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Water Source ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽

Perceptions Of Risk ◽

Shared Experiences ◽

Actual Risk ◽

Risk Management Strategies

This paper explores the daily risks of households with respect to dimensions of inadequate water access and supply (quality, quantity, continuity and affordability). We describe how perceptions of risk are shaped and how households seek to reduce possible health impacts and potential economic losses through aversion behaviours. To this end, households’ activities relating to water storage, treatment and usage, together with water source preference, were analysed using a qualitative approach. We developed a framework that describes actual risk, risk perceptions and aversion behaviours. Risk perceptions and the adoption of aversion behaviours of varying frequency and intensity are based on a complex interaction between personal and shared experiences that relate to water supply dimensions, socioeconomic characteristics, and social networking. Moreover, we discuss household risk management strategies and provide some recommendations aimed at improving future approaches to the study of aversion behaviours.

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Site-specific effects of variable water supply and nitrogen fertilisation on winter wheat

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science ◽

10.1002/jpln.201300215 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 177 (4) ◽

pp. 509-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dieter Geesing ◽

Mariangela Diacono ◽

Urs Schmidhalter

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Supply ◽

Site Specific ◽

Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Variable Water

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Anthropogenically-induced recharge in a semiarid mountain front context

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9267 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Houssne Bouimouass ◽

Younes Fakir ◽

Sarah Tweed ◽

Marc Leblanc

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Stream Water ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Wet Season ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Groundwater Fluctuation ◽

Mountain Front ◽

Irrigation Practices

Mountain-fronts constitute important groundwater recharge areas in arid and semiarid regions. Mountain-front recharge processes are generally identified, in natural systems, as streamflow losses and subsurface inflow from the mountain block. However, another key recharge process is from irrigation practices; where mountain streamflow is distributed across the irrigated piedmont. In this study, coupled groundwater fluctuation measurements and stable isotopes (18O and 2H) were used to identify and compare the natural mountain-front recharge to the anthropogenically-induced irrigation recharge. Within the High-Atlas mountain front of the Ourika basin, Tensift, Central Morocco, the groundwater fluctuation mapping from the dry to wet season showed that recharge from irrigation waters was higher than the recharge along the streambed. Irrigation practices in the region divert more than 65% of the stream water, thereby reducing the potential for stream recharge. Due to the traditional irrigation practices, upstream crops are preferentially irrigated with stream water over downstream areas. In downstream areas irrigation is only via stream water during large flood events and is otherwise supplemented by groundwater resources. These changes in water resources used for irrigation practices between upstream and downstream areas are reflected in the spatio-temporal evolution of the stable isotopes of groundwater. In the upstream irrigation area, the groundwater stable isotope values (d18O: -8.4 &#8240; to -7.4 &#8240;) reflect recharge by the diverted stream water. In the downstream irrigation area, the groundwater isotope values are lower (d18O: -8.1 &#8240; to -8.4 &#8240;) due to recharge with floods.The results from this study particularly highlight that irrigation can deeply modify both the recharge processes and the water balance in the mountain front areas. Groundwater resources in such areas become reliant on the irrigation practices as an important source of recharge, and this anthropogenic modification of the hydrological cycle should be assessed and taken into consideration within climate change impacts and integrated water management strategies.

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