scholarly journals Effect on Milk Production and Income Over Feed Cost from Following Less than Optimum Management Strategies Related to Dairy Cow Replacement

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Richard W. Rundell
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
High Production ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Optimum Management

Dairy farmers, as profit maximizers, are constantly striving to expand the income producing ability of their dairy herds. As managers of their business, their direct concern is to attain high production per cow and enhance the average quality of their herd by removal of the unprofitable producers. They are also striving to earn a large income above feed costs, since feed costs comprise 50 percent or more of the costs of production. This value must be high enough to pay for the other costs of production, including a return to capital and operators labor, to return a profit. Proper culling or the identification and subsequent removal of the lower producing cows from a herd is important because of the increased average milk production and the resulting increased income above feed costs.

Feed conversion efficiency as a key determinant of dairy herd performance: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Beever ◽  
P. T. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Feed Costs

This paper focuses on dairy herd performance in the United Kingdom and southern Australia, where feed costs have been estimated to comprise between 40 and 67% of the total costs of production. The efficiency of conversion of grazed pasture, home grown forages and purchased feeds into milk has a major bearing on farm profit. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE), defined as ‘kg milk of standardised composition with respect to protein and fat concentrations produced per kg feed dry matter consumed’, is a useful measure of the performance of a farm feeding system, but is seldom used by dairy farmers. It could also be defined as ‘g protein plus fat produced per kg feed dry matter consumed’, given that farmers are often paid for these components. The value of estimating FCE on an annual or shorter-term basis is discussed in relation to accepted principles of feed utilisation and dairy cow energy requirements. The implications of feed intake, conversion of ingested nutrients into absorbed nutrients and the subsequent utilisation of these nutrients for milk production or other purposes, as well as the effects of stage of lactation on FCE, are reviewed. Measuring FCE and identifying opportunities for improvement is relatively straightforward in housed feeding systems, but is more problematic under grazing. Hence, approaches and the key assumptions in estimating FCE in grazing situations, as well as possible limitations of these estimates, are discussed. Finally, a case study examining the potential impact of improved nutritional strategies on FCE and on margin over feed costs is presented. It is concluded that, to remain profitable, dairy farmers need to have a sound knowledge of cow nutrition, along with appropriate measures of FCE to monitor the performance of their milk production system. Such indicators of the biological performance of the farming system are most useful when used in conjunction with appropriate measures of economic performance.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengembangan Agribisnis Sapi Perah dan Peningkatan Produksi Susu Melalui Pemberdayaan Koperasi Susu

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
S. Rusdiana ◽  
Wahyuning Kusuma Sejati
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

<strong>English</strong><br />Recently national milk production has not met the domestic consumption due to slow development of dairy cattle agribusiness. That is why the dairy cattle agribusiness needs to be developed to fulfill national milk consumption. Limited milk production is due to small dairy cattle agribusiness scale, low milk production capacity, and cheap selling price that is not equal to the relatively high production cost leading to low farmers’ low income. In dairy cattle agribusiness the farmers are integrated with the milk-oriented cooperatives that play important role in the development of dairy cattle agribusiness.   To encourage the development of dairy cattle agribusiness it is necessary to empower the cooperatives in order to improve agribusiness scale, to enhance milk production capacity, and to lower the production cost. Cooperatives empowerment is conducted through provision of improved female dairy cattle, high quality of concentrate at affordable price, and better management of the cooperatives. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konsumsi susu nasional Indonesia sampai saat ini belum dapat dipenuhi melalui produksi dalam negeri, sebagai akibat lambannya perkembangan agribisnis sapi perah. Oleh karena itu pengembangan agribisnis sapi perah dipandang perlu dipacu agar produksi susu memenuhi kebutuhan susu nasional. Faktor utama penyebab ketidakmampuan produksi susu nasional dalam memenuhi permintaan konsumsi susu nasional adalah karena skala usaha yang kecil, kemampuan produksi susu rendah, harga jual susu yang tidak memadai dan biaya produksi yang relatif tinggi. Hal ini menjadikan pendapatan peternak menjadi rendah. Dalam agribisnis sapi perah, peternak tidak bisa lepas dari keberadaan koperasi. Untuk memacu perkembangan agribisnis sapi perah, perlu adanya pemberdayaan koperasi untuk meningkatkan skala usaha, meningkatan kemampuan produksi susu dan menekan biaya produksi. Pemberdayaan dilakukan melalui penyediaan sumber bibit sapi perah betina, penyediaan pakan konsentrat yang berkualitas dengan harga yang terjangkau, maupun bisnis KPS.

Effect of nutrition of dairy cows in late pregnancy on milk production

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (96) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Rogers ◽  
C Grainger ◽  
DF Earle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Similar Body

Three experiments were carried out to examine the separate effects of rate of liveweight gain in late pregnancy and of body weight of cows at calving on subsequent milk production. In each experiment, cows were allocated to one of two treatments about 12 weeks before calving. They were then fed so that by six weeks before calving there was a difference of about 50 kg liveweight between the animals in the two groups. In the first experiment, the two groups were then fed to gain weight at either 1.0 or 0.5 kg day-l so as to calve in similar body condition. In the second experiment, the two groups were fed to gain 1.5 kg day-1 or maintain weight so that again they calved in similar condition. In the third experiment both groups had similar rates of liveweight gain, 0.7 kg day-1 in the last six weeks of pregnancy, so that there was a difference of 51 kg at calving. In the first two experiments there were no differences due to the contrasting pre-calving nutrition in the milk production of the two groups, but in the third experiment the cows calving with the heavier body condition had a 7% greater milk yield and a higher milk fat concentration in the first 100 days of lactation. The results demonstrate that body condition of cows at calving is the important factor affecting milk production and that liveweight trends per se prior to calving were unimportant in influencing subsequent milk production. These findings offer dairy farmers alternative choices of feeding and grazing management strategies to improve cow condition at any stage during the dry period.

scholarly journals Dairy herd production aspects of family farms in Western Amazon, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 2365-2380
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mitke Brandão Reis ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Lopes ◽  
André Luis Ribeiro Lima ◽  
Fabiana Alves Demeu ◽  
Gideon Carvalho de Benedicto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Electric Fence ◽  
High Production ◽  
Cow Health

This study aimed to evaluate the production parameters of herds in 100 dairy family farms in the mesoregion of the Acre Valley, in Western Amazon, Brazil. To this end, the farms were divided into two levels of milk production. Data were collected from March to June 2016, using a 248-question semi-structured form and on-site observations. The information was recorded in SPSS® spreadsheets. Dairy farmers were divided into two clusters known as "high production cluster" (1,755.65 L ha-1 yr-1) and "low production cluster" (492.75 L ha-1 yr-1), using the K-means non-hierarchical method. Descriptive statistics was used and, with the aid of the multivariate cluster analysis, cattle ranchers were divided into the two clusters (high and low production). The results showed that the high-production cluster had larger total milk production (L milk cow-1 day-1) and family income within smaller areas and using less workforce. The farmers in this group also used more ear tags for cattle identification and more technologies such as electric fence and artificial insemination at a fixed time. We concluded that family farms should improve their management and receive technical assistance to strengthen their weaknesses in dairy-cow health and reproduction systems. Moreover, milk yield in these dairy farms should be improved to increase profitability of farmers.

scholarly journals Sustainability of black nera laying birds on pig dung meal based diets.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ahaotu ◽  
W Onuoha ◽  
G Uwaleke ◽  
E. A. Agiang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Animal Wastes ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Physical Treatments

The study was undertaken on utilization of farm animal organic waste as feeds for livestock and poultry. Increasing feed costs and international concern for the conservation of resources have focused attention on the nutrients in animal wastes that have in the past been used largely as fertilizer or as a major source of fuel for villagers in a number of countries. Animal wastes represent a vast reservoir of cheap nutrients, particularly for ruminants. The limitation in using animal waste as feed is that it needs processing. Dehydration, ensiling, chemical and physical treatments can be used to maintain the nutrient composition and increase the palatability and feeding values of the waste. Animal waste can potentially be used not only to maintain animals in the dry time but also to encourage performance quite satisfactorily. Feeding cattle manure in poultry and pigs promotes meat and egg productivity respectively. Pig waste, when processed and properly balanced with other ingredients, may become a potential feed substitute for cattle at levels up to 30%. No differences in the quality of meat from animals fed waste have been detected, nor has there been a problem of consumer acceptance in animal products.Keywords: Black Nera Laying Birds, Pig Dung Meal, Diets, Feed Cost, Organic Waste.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF DAIRY FARMING IN KOSOVO

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Arben Musliu ◽  
Blend Frangu ◽  
Jennie S. Popp ◽  
Nathan Kemper ◽  
Michael Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
Feed Costs

The aim of this research paper is to assess the technical efficiency (TE) of milk production in Kosovo using the stochastic frontier analysis. Research data are collected through surveys from 100 commercially oriented dairy farmers. The study finds that TE of milk production by most of these farms is high. Using the Cobb-Douglas production function, individual measures of TE range from 0.87 to 0.98 (on a scale of 0 to 1.00) with the average being 0.95. There were 57 farms with TE greater than 0.95 and 35 farms with TE less than 0.95. In the study’s sample, female dairy farmers have roughly the same mean TE of 0.95 as male dairy farmers. The variation in milk production among the sampled farms was modeled in terms of concentrate and forage feed costs and pre-production costs. The study suggests that concentrate feed and pre-production costs can significantly influence TE of milk production among Kosovar dairy farms.

Barriers to the adoption of management-intensive grazing among dairy farmers in the Northeastern United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Winsten ◽  
A. Richardson ◽  
C.D. Kerchner ◽  
A. Lichau ◽  
J.M. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Management Intensive Grazing

AbstractThis paper uses recent survey results from almost 1000 dairy producers in northeastern US to analyze farmers’ perceptions of barriers to the adoption of rotational grazing [management-intensive grazing (MIG)] as a means for feeding their dairy herds. The survey found that approximately 13% of dairy producers in the region were using MIG during the 2006 growing season. Approximately 40% of farmers surveyed were using a confinement feeding operation where the milking herd does not graze at all and close to 47% were using a traditional system that involved some pasture forage for the milking herd. Regardless of the popular sentiment that increased information and technical assistance is needed in the field, producers more frequently report a series of other barriers as being greater obstacles to the adoption of MIG. Farmers using confinement feeding tended to see each of the barriers presented as being more significant obstacles than did other farmers. Farmers with higher debt ratios and higher milk production per cow were more likely to view the financially related barriers (decreased milk production per cow, cash flow and farm profits) as significant obstacles.

scholarly journals Feeding Models to Optimize Dairy Feed Rations in View of Feed Availability, Feed Prices and Milk Production Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Othman Alqaisi ◽  
Eva Schlecht
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Milk

In the global dairy production sector, feed ingredient price and availability are highly volatile; they may shape the composition of the feed ration and, in consequence, impact feed cost and enteric methane (CH4) emissions. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of changes in feed ingredients’ prices and feed ingredients’ availability on dairy ration composition, feed cost and predicted methane yield under different levels of milk production. To meet the research aim, a series of multi-period linear programming models were developed. The models were then used to simulate 14 feed rations formulations, each covering 162 months and three dairy production levels of 10, 25 and 35 kg milk/d, representing a total of 6804 feed rations altogether. Across milk production levels, the inclusion of alfalfa hay into the feed rations declined from 55% to 38% when daily milk production increased from 10 to 35 kg, reflecting the cows’ increased energy requirements. At a daily milk production level of 35 kg, CH4 production (per kg milk) was 21% and 53% lower than in average and low milk producing cows, respectively, whereas at 10 kg of milk production the potential to reduce CH4 production varied between 0.6% and 5.5% (average = 3.9%). At all production levels, a reduction in CH4 output was associated with an increase in feed costs. Overall, and considering feeding scenarios in low milk producing cows, feed cost per kg milk was 30% and 37% higher compared to that of average and high milk production, respectively. The feed ration modeling approach allows us to account for the interaction between feed ingredients over time, taking into consideration volatile global feed prices. Overall, the model provides a decision-making tool to improve the use of feed resources in the dairy sector.

Penatalaksanaan IMD pada Ibu Postpartum Sectio Caesarea Mempengaruhi Status Gizi dan Kecepatan Produksi ASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Nursari Abdul Syukur ◽  
Susi Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Results

Many mothers who give birth to Sectio Caesarea (SC) do not Initiate Early Breastfeeding (IMD), which fails exclusive breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of IMD management in postpartum SC mothers on nutritional status, speed of milk production, and quality of breast milk protein. Method: quantitative research with quasi approach experiment. The research design used was a pre-post-test control non-equivalent control group. A sampling of this study used the Consecutive method sampling with a sample of 20 mothers who gave birth by cesarean section (SC). Hypothesis testing uses the independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. The study results showed an influence on the management of IMD in postpartum SC mothers on the speed of ASI production (p-value=0.004) and nutritional status (p-value=0.028). There was no effect of IMD management on postpartum SC mothers on the quality of breast milk protein (p-value = 0.543). This study recommends that the hospital implement an IMD promotion program before the abdominal wall is closed as a form of intervention to increase milk production and maternal nutritional status

Effect of Bypass Protein on Milk Production and Economic of Lactating Crossbred Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RATNESH K CHOUDHARY ◽  
A Saran ROY ◽  
N K SINGH3 ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR ◽  
RAUSHAN K SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Milk

An On-Farm Trial was conducted on 24 lactating crossbred cows for assessment of feeding formaldehyde treated mustard cake (bypass protein) on milk production and economic analysis of lactating cow. Cows were divided into three groups having 8 cows each, treatments were farmers’ practice (FP); (Control): The lactating animals under this group were fedas per the feeding schedule of the farmers (5 kg. dry roughage as rice straw + 6 hrs grazing as local grass and 4 kg. commercial concentrates), T1: The lactating animals under this group were fed as per farmers practicewith 12% mustard cake of total diet was provided to the cow by replacing the same amount of commercial concentrates andT2: The lactating animals under this group were fed as per farmers practicewith 12% formaldehyde treated mustard cake of total diet was provided to the cow by replacing same amount of commercial concentrates. The average daily milk yield of lactating cows under FP, T1 and T2 was 8.58, 8.82 and 9.85 kg per cow, respectively. Differences between FP and T2 were significant. The daily increase in milk yield was 1.27 kg and 1.03 kg in cows fed T2diet over the cows fed FP and T1diet, respectively. The B: C ratios for FP, T1 and T2 groups were 2.6, 3.0 and 3.3, respectively. The feed cost reduced in T2 group by Rs. 8.64 and increased milk production by 1.27 kg in respect to FP group.

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