scholarly journals Desulfurisasi Katalitik Tiofen Menggunakan Katalis CoMo/USY dalam Reaktor Batch

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Nanda Pratiwi ◽  
Eddy Heraldy
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Desulfurization Activity

<p>Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas katalis CoMo/USY pada reaksi desulfurisasi tiofen. Reaksi dilakukan pada reaktor sistem batch dengan tekanan gas N<sub>2</sub> sebesar 1 bar gas N<sub>2</sub> dan waktu reaksi selama 1 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi temperatur dan variasi karakter katalis pada reaksi desulfurisasi tiofen. Product desulfurisasi dianalisis dengan GC-MS. Karakter kestabilan struktur katalis dilihat dengan analisis menggunakan instrument FT-IR. Hasil analisis terhadap uji aktivitas desulfurisasi menunjukkan bahwa pada rentang temperatur 200-300°C, rendemen bertambah dengan meningkatnya temperatur. Adapun efek karakter katalis terhadap aktivitas katalitiknya menunjukkan bahwa karakter katalis yang paling dominan adalah sifat keasaman. Katalis dengan keasaman tertinggi, yaitu katalis CoMo/USY, memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dalam desulfurisasi tiofen dengan rendemen produk sebesar 2,88%. Hasil analisis FT-IR terhadap katalis bekas menunjukkan bahwa struktur cukup stabil dan tidak ada pengotor yang terikat pada katalis.</p><p><strong>Catalytic Desulfurization of Thiophene </strong><strong>using</strong><strong> Como/Usy Catalyst </strong><strong>in</strong><strong> Batch Reactor</strong>. CoMo/USY catalyst activity has been tested for thiophene desulfurization reaction. The reaction was carried out in batch system reactor with N<sub>2</sub> gas pressure of 1 bar and reaction time for 1 hour. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation and catalyst character variation in thiophene desulfurization reaction. The desulfurization products were analyzed by <em>Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectra </em>(GC-MS). The characters of structure catalyst were analyzed by <em>Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</em> (FT-IR). The results of the analysis of the desulfurization activity test showed that in the temperature range 200-300 °C, the yield raised with increasing temperature The analysis results of the desulfurization activity test showed that in the temperature range of 200-300°C, the yield raised with increasing temperature. The effect of the catalysts character on its catalytic activity shows that the most dominant character of the catalysts were its acidity. The highest acidity catalyst, CoMo/USY catalyst, has highest activity in thiophene thiophene with the product yield of 2,88%. The result of the FTIR analysis on used catalyst show that the structure was stable and no impurities were attached the catalyst.</p>

scholarly journals Desulfurisasi Katalitik Tiofen Menggunakan Katalis CoMo/USY dalam Reaktor Batch

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Nanda Pratiwi ◽  
Eddy Heraldy
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Desulfurization Activity

<p>Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas katalis CoMo/USY pada reaksi desulfurisasi tiofen. Reaksi dilakukan pada reaktor sistem batch dengan tekanan gas N<sub>2</sub> sebesar 1 bar gas N<sub>2</sub> dan waktu reaksi selama 1 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi temperatur dan variasi karakter katalis pada reaksi desulfurisasi tiofen. Product desulfurisasi dianalisis dengan <em>Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectra </em>(GC-MS). Karakter kestabilan struktur katalis dilihat dengan analisis menggunakan instrumen <em>Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</em> (FT-IR). Hasil analisis terhadap uji aktivitas desulfurisasi menunjukkan bahwa pada rentang temperatur 200-300°C, rendemen bertambah dengan meningkatnya temperatur. Pada penelitian telah berhasil menghidrogenasi tiofen, tetapi belum bisa menghilangkan kandungan sulfurnya. Adapun efek karakter katalis terhadap aktivitas katalitiknya menunjukkan bahwa karakter katalis yang paling dominan adalah sifat keasaman. Katalis dengan keasaman tertinggi, yaitu katalis CoMo/USY, memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dengan rendemen produk sebesar 2,88%. Hasil analisis FT-IR terhadap katalis bekas menunjukkan bahwa struktur cukup stabil dan tidak ada pengotor yang terikat pada katalis.</p><p><strong>Catalytic Desulfurization of Thiophene </strong><strong>using</strong><strong> CoMo/USY Catalyst </strong><strong>in</strong><strong> Batch Reactor</strong>. CoMo/USY catalyst activity has been tested for thiophene desulfurization reaction. The reaction was carried out in batch system reactor with N<sub>2</sub> gas pressure of 1 bar and reaction time for 1 hour. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation and catalyst character variation in thiophene desulfurization reaction. The desulfurization products were analyzed by <em>Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectra </em>(GC-MS). The characters of structure catalyst were analyzed by <em>Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy</em> (FT-IR). The results of the analysis of the desulfurization activity test showed that in the temperature range 200-300 °C, the yield raised with increasing temperature. The analysis results of the desulfurization activity test showed that in the temperature range of 200-300°C, the yield raised with increasing temperature. The study has successfully hydrogenated thiophene, but has not been able to eliminate the sulfur content. The effect of the catalysts character on its catalytic activity shows that the most dominant character of the catalysts was its acidity. The highest acidity catalyst, CoMo/USY catalyst, has highest activity with the product yield of 2,88%. The result of the FTIR analysis on the used catalyst show that the structure was stable and no impurities were attached the catalyst.</p>

Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Nitrogen Content of High Nitrogen Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Rong Hua Zhang ◽  
Biao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
High Pressure Reaction ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In this study, nitrogen content greater than 0.9% of 18Cr18MnN austenitic stainless steel were prepared by high pressure reaction kettle. The relationships between nitrogen content and temperature, pressure were studied. The results show the nitrogen content in steel increases with increasing melting pressure, at air pressure 1.0MPa<P<1.4MPa, the increase of nitrogen content in steel is evident particularly. In the 1813k<T<1913k temperature range, the nitrogen content in steel decreases with the increasing temperature, there are differences in variation in the temperature range. When temperature is up to 1813K, nitrogen content can be as high as 1.075%. The best thermodynamic condition of melting a nitrogen content of 0.9% 18Mn18Cr austenitic stainless steel is: pressure and temperature are 1.32MPa, 1873k, respectively.

scholarly journals Liquefaction performances of bread crusts in subcritical water

2020 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Wang ◽  
Zhuan Liu ◽  
Changqing Fang ◽  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Li Xie
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Hydrothermal liquefaction of bread crusts in subcritical water were performed in a micro-batch reactor. The influences of temperature (300 – 360 °C) and residence time (10-30 min) on bio-oil yield, boiling point distribution and functional groups in bio-oil were investigated. The results showed that bio-oil yield increased with increasing temperature and reaction time. Maximum bio-oil yield of 22.69wt% was obtained at 360 °C, 30min. The longer reaction time promoted the degradation of diesel to jet fuel and naphtha. The naphtha (C7-10) and jet fuel (C11-C15) increased to 29.9%, 51.82% at 30min from 20.49% and 36.14%, respectively. FT-IR analysis showed that esters, ketones, amides, acids and aldehydes were present in the bio-oil.

Influence of temperature on the activity of anammox granular biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2518-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sobotka ◽  
K. Czerwionka ◽  
J. Makinia
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Granular Biomass

The aim of this study was to determine a short-term and long-term effect of temperature on the anammox rate and determination of temperature coefficients in the Arrhenius and Ratkowsky equations. The short-term effects of temperature on the anammox granular biomass were investigated in batch tests at ten different temperatures in the range of 10–55 °C. The maximum overall nitrogen removal rate of 1.3 gN gVSS−1·d−1 was observed at 40 °C (VSS: volatile suspended solids). The minimum rate, close to 0 gN gVSS−1·d−1, was observed for the limits of the analyzed temperature range (10 and 55 °C). The activity tests carried out at 55 °C showed an irreversible loss of the activity due to the observed biomass lysis. Subsequently to the batch tests, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated at different temperatures (from 30 to 11 °C) to determine the long-term effects of temperature. The system was successfully operated at 15 °C, but when temperature was decreased to 11 °C, nitrite started to accumulate and the system lost its stability. The temperature coefficient (θ) was 1.07 for the batch tests carried out in the temperature range of 10–40 °C. In contrast, during the long-term SBR operation, substantially different θ had to be estimated for two temperature ranges, 1.07 (T = 15–30 °C) and 1.65 (T = 11–15 °C).

Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of In Situ Formed Cu-Nb and Cu-Ta Composites

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Spitzig ◽  
P. D. Krotz ◽  
L. S. Chumbley ◽  
H. L. Downing ◽  
J. D. Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Temperature Resistivity

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructures has been evaluated for heavily cold drawn Cu-20% Nb and Cu-20% Ta composites. The strengths of the composites decrease with increasing temperature, with the decrease becoming most pronounced at temperatures above about 300°C and at larger draw ratios. Cu-20% Ta composites are stronger than Cu-20% Nb composites throughout the temperature range studied (22–600°C) with the improvement increasing with increasing temperature. Resistivity measurements and substructure analyses showed that at temperatures where softening accelerated, resistivity decreased indicating a substructural change which was observed to be coarsening of the Nb and Ta filaments in the composites.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles UsingPolyalthia longifoliaLeaf Extract along with D-Sorbitol: Study of Antibacterial Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaviya ◽  
J. Santhanalakshmi ◽  
B. Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) usingPolyalthia longifolialeaf extract as reducing and capping agent along with D-sorbitol used to increase the stability of the nanoparticles has been reported. The reaction is carried out at two different concentrations (10−3 M and 10−4 M) of silver nitrate, and the effect of temperature on the synthesis of AgNPs is investigated by stirring at room temperature (25°C) and at 60°C. The UV-visible spectra of NPs showed a blue shift with increasing temperature at both concentrations. FT-IR analysis shows that the biomoites played an important role in the reduction of Ag+ions and the growth of AgNPs. TEM results were utilized for the determination of the size and morphology of nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are found to be highly toxic against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Utilization of liquid product through pyrolysis of LDPE and C/LDPE as commercial wax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasret Akgün ◽  
Ece Yapıcı ◽  
Zerrin Günkaya ◽  
AYSUN ÖZKAN ◽  
Müfide Banar
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Background In this study, pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and LDPE with aluminum (C/LDPE) wastes was carried out with different heating rates (5-10-20°C/min) at different temperatures (400-600-800°C). The effect of temperature and heating rate on liquid product yield was investigated. Product yields of LDPE and C/LDPE wastes were compared, and optimum liquid products were analyzed to utilize as commercial waxes for future use. Methods To determine the parameters of pyrolysis wastes was investigated with proximate, elemental analysis, and TGA. The as-produced liquid from pyrolysis of wastes was characterized by different characteristic tools, such as elemental analyses, GC-MS analyzes, 1H-NMR tests, FT-IR spectra, the density, melting point, and carbon residue to compare commercial waxes. The characterization process was continued for the parameters with the optimum liquid products. Results As a result of pyrolysis, the highest liquid product yield was achieved at 800°C with 5°C/min heating rate (85.87 %), and at 600°C with 5°C/min heating rate (71.3 %) for LDPE and C/LDPE, respectively. The results indicated that the derived liquid products are similar to commercial heavy wax.

Acetylene chemisorption at palladium: Effect of temperature and structure of the surface

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1448-1458
Author(s):  
Josef Kopešťanský
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Template Effect ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Adsorbed Layers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Adsorption Complexes ◽  
Low Coverage

The effect of temperature and structure of the palladium surfaces on acetylene chemisorption was studied along with the interaction of the adsorbed layers with molecular and atomic hydrogen. The work function changes were measured and combined with the volumetric measurements and analysis of the products. At temperature below 100 °C, acetylene is adsorbed almost without dissociation and forms at least two different types of thermally stable adsorption complexes. Acetylene adsorbed at 200 °C is partly decomposed, especially in the low coverage region. Besides the above mentioned effects, the template effect of adsorbed acetylene was studied in the temperature range from -80° to 25 °C. It has been shown that this effect is a typical phenomenon of the palladium-acetylene system which is not due to surface impurities.

Pyrolysis of almond shell biomass: effect of temperature and catalyst on product yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Alizzah Amanat ◽  
Zaib Hussain ◽  
Rida Khalid ◽  
Abdul Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Almond Shell

scholarly journals Theoretical Effect of Temperature on Threshold in the Hodgkin-Huxley Nerve Model

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fitzhugh
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Ionic Conductances ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In the squid giant axon, Sjodin and Mullins (1958), using 1 msec duration pulses, found a decrease of threshold with increasing temperature, while Guttman (1962), using 100 msec pulses, found an increase. Both results are qualitatively predicted by the Hodgkin-Huxley model. The threshold vs. temperature curve varies so much with the assumptions made regarding the temperature-dependence of the membrane ionic conductances that quantitative comparison between theory and experiment is not yet possible. For very short pulses, increasing temperature has two effects. (1) At lower temperatures the decrease of relaxation time of Na activation (m) relative to the electrical (RC) relaxation time favors excitation and decreases threshold. (2) For higher temperatures, effect (1) saturates, but the decreasing relaxation times of Na inactivation (h) and K activation (n) factor accommodation and increased threshold. The result is a U-shaped threshold temperature curve. R. Guttman has obtained such U-shaped curves for 50 µsec pulses. Assuming higher ionic conductances decreases the electrical relaxation time and shifts the curve to the right along the temperature axis. Making the conductances increase with temperature flattens the curve. Using very long pulses favors effect (2) over (1) and makes threshold increase monotonically with temperature.

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