Chemical, mechanical and integrated weed management under two phosphorous fertilizer application methods in rapeseed

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhollah Naderi ◽  
Ehsan Bijanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Phosphorous Fertilizer

Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Method Affects Weed Growth and Competition with Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Louis J. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Application Methods

Strategic fertilizer management is an important component of integrated weed management systems. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of various application methods of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on weed growth and wheat yield. Weed species were chosen to represent species that varied in their growth responsiveness to P: redroot pigweed (medium), wild mustard (medium), wild oat (medium), green foxtail (high), redstem filaree (high), and round-leaved mallow (high). P fertilizer application methods were seed placed at a 5-cm depth, midrow banded at a 10-cm depth, surface broadcast immediately before seeding, and surface broadcast immediately after seeding of wheat. An unfertilized control was included. P treatments were applied to the same plot in four consecutive years to determine annual and cumulative effects over years. Shoot P concentration and biomass of weeds were often lower with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P fertilizer compared with either surface-broadcast application method. This result occurred more frequently with the highly P-responsive weeds and was more evident in the latter study years. P application method had little effect on weed-free wheat yield but often had a large effect on weed-infested wheat yield. Seed-placed or midrow-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P fertilizer often resulted in higher yields when wheat was in the presence of competitive weeds. Seedbank determinations at the conclusion of the study indicated that the seed density of five of six weed species was reduced with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P. Information gained in this study will aid development of more effective weed management systems in wheat.

Economic benefits of integrated weed management systems for field crops in the Dark Brown and Black soil zones of western Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1273-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Smith ◽  
B. M. Upadhyay ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Common Practices

Integrated weed management (IWM) systems that combine seeding date, seeding rate, herbicide rate, and timing of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application were assessed for their economic performance in the Dark Brown and Black soil zones. A barley-field pea IWM system in the Black soil zone at Lacombe, Alberta, and a wheat-canola IWM system in the Dark Brown soil zone at Lethbridge, Alberta, and Scott, Saskatchewan, were used to assess contributions of seeding date (April or May), seeding rate (recommended or 150% of recommended), fertilizer timing (fall or spring), and in-crop herbicide rate (50% or 100% of recommended). The factorial set of treatments was applied in 4 consecutive years at each site. For barley-field pea production, the highest contribution margin (CM) (returns over variable production costs) was earned with 50% of the recommended herbicide rate, spring application of N fertilizer, seeding barley later at the high seeding rate, and seeding field pea early at the recommended seeding rate. This IWM system had a CM benefit of at least $51 ha-1 compared with current common practices. The wheat-canola system results were site specific. At Lethbridge, it was more profitable to use 50% of recommended herbicide rates and to seed both crops early, with an early seeding date being very important for canola. The CM of this IWM system was $48 ha-1 higher than current common practices. At Scott, the wheat-canola system was more profitable with spring fertilizer application, 50% of the recommended herbicide rate, and an early seeding date for canola. The best IWM system had a CM $15 to $75 ha-1 higher, depending on the year, than common practices. Our results confirmed the economic merits of using IWM practices for cereal-oilseed and cereal-pulse cropping systems in these regions of western Canada. Key words: Economic, integrated weed management, contribution margin, canola, wheat, field pea, barley

scholarly journals Growth and biomass yield of two Panicum maximum varieties as affected by weed management and fertilizer application methods in the Humid Savannah zone of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-189
Author(s):  
J. A. Olanite ◽  
P. A. Dele ◽  
O. M. Arigbede ◽  
V. O. A. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Tiller Density

A field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of weed management and fertilizer application methods on growth and biomass yield of two Panicum maximum varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two fertilizer application methods. Two weed managements (weeded versus not weeded) and two Panicum varieties {(P. maximum local (unimproved) versus P. maximum Ntchisi (improved)} and two fertilizer application methods (single dose versus split) were set out in a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement. The unimproved P. maximum variety attained significantly (P<0.05) greater height compare to the improved variety while weed management and fertilizer application methods were not significant (P>0.05). Although the unimproved Panicum recorded higher values in leaflength (89.23 versus 76.01 cm) when compared with the improved variety while the leaf width (3.37 versus 3.67 cm), leaf density (639.24 versus 1 004.99 leaf m-2), tiller density (130.82 versus 215.11 tiller m-2) and herbage yield (20.56 versus 26.21 t ha-1) produced were higher (P<0.05) for the improved P. maximum variety. Split application method significantly enhanced better herbage yield as compared to the single application and the unfertilized (control) treatment. The interaction between variety and time of harvest was highly significant (P<0.001) in growth parameters and biomass yields of the two grass varieties.

Integrated Weed Management in Oilseed Brassica

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Abhinandan Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management

Fungal Phytotoxins in Sustainable Weed Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Vurro ◽  
Angela Boari ◽  
Francesca Casella ◽  
Maria Chiara Zonno
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

Fungal phytotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by plant pathogenic fungi during host–pathogen interactions. They have received considerable particular attention for elucidating disease etiology, and consequently to design strategies for disease control. Due to wide differences in their chemical structures, these toxic metabolites have different ecological and environmental roles and mechanisms of action. This review aims at summarizing the studies on the possible use of these metabolites as tools in biological and integrated weed management, e.g. as: novel and environmentally friendly herbicides; lead for novel compounds; sources of novel mechanisms of action. Moreover, the limiting factors for utilizing those metabolites in practice will also be briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Growth and Phenology of Vulpia Myuros in Comparison with Apera Spica-Venti, Alopecurus Myosuroides and Lolium Multiflorum in Monoculture and in Winter Wheat

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Bo Melander ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Rodrigo Labouriau ◽  
Svend Vendelbo Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Neighborhood Design ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Arable Weed

Vulpia myuros has become an increasing weed problem in winter cereals in Northern Europe. However, the information about V. myuros and its behavior as an arable weed is limited. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017/18 and 2018/19, at the Department of Agroecology in Flakkebjerg, Denmark to investigate the emergence, phenological development and growth characteristics of V. myuros in monoculture and in mixture with winter wheat, in comparison to Apera spica-venti, Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium multiflorum. V. myuros emerged earlier than A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti but later than L. multiflorum. Significant differences in phenological development were recorded among the species. Overall phenology of V. myuros was more similar to that of L. multiflorum than to A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti. V. myuros started seed shedding earlier than A. spica-venti and L. multiflorum but later than A. myosuroides. V. myuros was more sensitive to winter wheat competition in terms of biomass production and fecundity than the other species. Using a target-neighborhood design, responses of V. myuros and A. spica-venti to the increasing density of winter wheat were quantified. At early growth stages “BBCH 26–29”, V. myuros was suppressed less than A. spica-venti by winter wheat, while opposite responses were seen at later growth stages “BBCH 39–47” and “BBCH 81–90”. No significant differences in fecundity characteristics were observed between the two species in response to increasing winter wheat density. The information on the behavior of V. myuros gathered by the current study can support the development of effective integrated weed management strategies for V. myuros.

scholarly journals Effect of Barley Sowing Density on the Integrated Weed Management of Lolium rigidum (Annual Ryegrass) in Mediterranean Dryland: A Modeling Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
María Belén D’Amico ◽  
Guillermo R. Chantre ◽  
Guillermo L. Calandrini ◽  
José L. González-Andújar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
High Control ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Population models are particularly helpful for understanding long-term changes in the weed dynamics associated with integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. IWM practices for controlling L. rigidum are of high importance, mainly due to its widespread resistance that precludes chemical control as a single management method. The objective of this contribution is to simulate different IWM scenarios with special emphasis on the impact of different levels of barley sowing densities on L. rigidum control. To this effect, a weed–crop population model for both L. rigidum and barley life cycles was developed. Our results point out: (i) the necessity of achieving high control efficiencies (>99%), (ii) that the increase of twice the standard sowing density of barley resulted in a reduction of 23.7% of the weed density, (iii) non-herbicide-based individual methods, such as delayed sowing and weed seed removal at harvest, proved to be inefficient for reducing drastically weed population, (iv) the implementation of at least three control tactics (seed removal, delay sowing and herbicides) is required for weed infestation eradication independently of the sowing rate, and (v) the effect of an increase in the sowing density is diluted as a more demanding weed control is reached. Future research should aim to disentangle the effect of different weed resistance levels on L. rigidum population dynamics and the required efficiencies for more sustainable IWM programs.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management practices and sustainable food production among farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame ◽  
Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda ◽  
Olayinka Jelili Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Abstract A survey was conducted in the Kwara State of Nigeria to study the integrated weed management (IWM) practices by farmers. This was in view of the poor weed management practices adopted by farmers, which is a major factor responsible for low yields of many arable crops in Kwara State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 480 respondents, and a structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from them. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factor analysis was also carried out to examine the perception of farmers’ benefits of IWM. Results showed that the majority of farmers (29.4%) were youths, married (89.1%), and involved in medium-scale farming (47.2%). Furthermore, 50.8% of the farmers had primary or secondary education. Although farmers use different weed control methods, more than half of them (54.7%) use herbicides. Most farmers (92.6%) are engaged in the use of IWM, However, 73.5% of them use a combination of herbicides and hoe weeding. Although not properly practiced, farmers perceived IWM as having socio-environmental (29.229%) and techno-efficacious (23.495%) benefits over either hoe weeding or herbicides used alone. The findings suggest a need to train farmers on all aspects of IWM to achieve self-sufficiency in food production in Kwara State.

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