Composition of Plasma and Atheromatous Plaque among Coronary Artery Disease Subjects Consuming Coconut Oil or Sunflower Oil as the Cooking Medium

Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with a risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to examine whether different types of adipose tissue depot may play differential roles in the progression of CAD. Consecutive 174 patients who underwent both computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography were analyzed. Cardiac and abdominal CT scans were performed to measure epicardial and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (EAT and abdominal VAT, resp.). Out of 174 patients, 109 and 113 patients, respectively, presented coronary calcification (CC) and coronary atheromatous plaque (CP). The EAT and abdominal VAT areas were larger in patients with CP compared to those without it. Interestingly, the EAT area was larger in patients with CC compared to those without CC, whereas no difference was observed in the abdominal VAT area between patients with CC and those without. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of echocardiographic EAT was an independent predictor of CP and CC, but the abdominal VAT area was not. These results suggest that EAT and abdominal VAT may play differential pathological roles in CAD. Given the importance of CC and CP, we should consider the precise assessment of CAD when echocardiographic EAT is detected.

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Serum chromium and angiographically determined coronary artery disease.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/24.4.541 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 541-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

H A Newman ◽

R F Leighton ◽

R R Lanese ◽

N A Freedland

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Serum Chromium ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Human aortas sampled from populations where there is little advanced atheromatous plaque formation contain higher concentrations of chromium than do aortas from populations in which atheromatosis is prevalent. In the present study serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and chromium (Cr3+) concentrations were measured in 32 subjects in whom coronary artery disease was assessed by cineangiography. The distribution of subjects with diseased and normal arteries overlapped below 5.50 microgram of chromium per liter. Only subjects free of coronary artery disease had chromium concentrations greater than or equal to 5.50 microgram/liter. The role of chromium was assessed in the context of the selected risk factors: cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The group with coronary artery disease had significantly lower serum chromium concentrations than did the group with normally patent arteries.

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The challenge of asymptomatic coronary artery disease in aircrew; detecting plaque before the accident

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 105 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. s17-s24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gary Gray ◽

Eddie D Davenport ◽

Dennis Bron ◽

Rienk Rienks ◽

Joanna d’Arcy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Angiography ◽

Coronary Disease ◽

Invasive Coronary Angiography ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary events remain a major cause of sudden incapacitation, including death, in both the general population and among aviation personnel, and are an ongoing threat to flight safety and operations. The presentation is often unheralded, especially in younger adults, and is often due to rupture of a previously non-obstructive coronary atheromatous plaque. The challenge for aeromedical practitioners is to identify individuals at increased risk for such events. This paper presents the NATO Cardiology Working Group (HFM 251) consensus approach for screening and investigation of aircrew for asymptomatic coronary disease.A three-phased approach to coronary artery disease (CAD) risk assessment is recommended, beginning with initial risk-stratification using a population-appropriate risk calculator and resting ECG. For aircrew identified as being at increased risk, enhanced screening is recommended by means of Coronary Artery Calcium Score alone or combined with a CT coronary angiography investigation. Additional screening may include exercise testing, and vascular ultrasound imaging. Aircrew identified as being at high risk based on enhanced screening require secondary investigations, which may include functional ischaemia, and potentially invasive coronary angiography. Functional stress testing as a stand-alone investigation for significant CAD is not recommended in aircrew. Aircrew identified with coronary disease require further clinical and aeromedical evaluation before being reconsidered for flying status.

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Outcome of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery with Coronary Endarterectomy

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v44i3.39935 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 124-131

Author(s):

R Ranjan ◽

AB Adhikary

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Bypass Graft ◽

Myocardial Revascularization ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Coronary Endarterectomy ◽

Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Artery Disease

Background: Coronary Endarterectomy (CE) is the expulsion of the atheromatous plaque, and isolating the outer media and adventitia layers of arterial wall. Objective of this study was to review the consequences of coronary endarterectomy (CE) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and demonstrate the outcomes of this surgical technique for patients with diffuse coronary artery disease in a single surgeon’s practice. Methods: Retrospectively outcome of 1473 endarterectomised coronary artery in 1189 patients with diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) was reviewed, who have had experienced CE with OPCABG in the year of 2007 to 2016. CE was performed in multi-segmental diffuse CAD, or when a calcified or extremely thick plaque making anastomosis troublesome. Results: Approximately 75.0% coronary endarterectomy were performed in the left coronary territory and most commonly left anterior descending artery was endarterectomized (42.83%). An average of 1.2 coronary endarterectomies performed per patient. Post-operative ICU and 30-days mortality rate was 2.2%, and 0.6% respectively in CE group. Post-operative atrial fibrillation, acute MI, neurological complication, and blood transfusion were significantly higher in CE group. Following CE, Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival rate was 89.5%, and about 85% patients were free from angina at follow-up of 5 years. Conclusion: Coronary endarterectomy with OPCABG is attainable, and accomplishes surgical revascularization in patients; when there is no other alternative for total myocardial revascularization. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2018; 44: 124-131

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Sudden death in a 39-year-old woman due to three-vessel coronary artery disease: A case report and literature review

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1177/0025802420929210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 150-154

Author(s):

Elisa Vermiglio ◽

Elena Bortoletto ◽

Matteo Brunelli ◽

Stefania Sipala ◽

Domenico De Leo

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Chest Pain ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Young People ◽

Sudden Death ◽

Single Case ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Vessel Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Vessel Coronary Artery

Coronary atherosclerosis may be underestimated in previously asymptomatic and apparently healthy young people, although it has been reported in various epidemiological studies. Between 7% and 21% of sudden cardiac deaths in previously asymptomatic people aged <45 years are due to three-vessel coronary artery disease. So, clinical services need to vigilant for this condition. We report a single case of sudden death in a young woman who was affected by three-vessel coronary artery disease. This 39-year-old woman attended an emergency department for non-specific chest pain. After a brief observation period, in the absence of signs of an acute myocardial event, she self-discharged. However, she died suddenly the next day. The subsequent autopsy did not show significant pathological findings, although macroscopic examination of the heart revealed critical three-vessel coronary artery disease. Standard histological examination confirmed an atheromatous plaque obstructing >75% of the lumen of the anterior descending artery, complicated by haemorrhagic phenomena, with diffuse calcified and sub-totally occluded atherosclerotic plaques in the other vascular sections, without ischaemic signs of the cardiomyocytes or fibrosis. When young people present with chest pain, they must be carefully evaluated. Risks need to be clearly explained, particularly when self-discharge is requested.

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The role of Wnt signalling in development of coronary artery disease and its risk factors

Open Biology ◽

10.1098/rsob.200128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 200128

Author(s):

Ya Liu ◽

Arpita Neogi ◽

Arya Mani

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Wnt Pathway ◽

The United States ◽

Wnt Signalling ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Canonical Wnt

The Wnt signalling pathways are composed of a highly conserved cascade of events that govern cell differentiation, apoptosis and cell orientation. Three major and distinct Wnt signalling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway (or Wnt/β-catenin pathway), the non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway and the non-canonical Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway. Altered Wnt signalling pathway has been associated with diverse diseases such as disorders of bone density, different malignancies, cardiac malformations and heart failure. Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease in the United States. Atherosclerosis is a multi-step pathological process, which starts with lipid deposition and endothelial cell dysfunction, triggering inflammatory reactions, followed by recruitment and aggregation of monocytes. Subsequently, monocytes differentiate into tissue-resident macrophages and transform into foam cells by the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein. Meanwhile, further accumulations of lipids, infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and deposition of the extracellular matrix occur under the intima. An atheromatous plaque or hyperplasia of the intima and media is eventually formed, resulting in luminal narrowing and reduced blood flow to the myocardium, leading to chest pain, angina and even myocardial infarction. The Wnt pathway participates in all different stages of this process, from endothelial dysfunction to lipid deposit, and from initial inflammation to plaque formation. Here, we focus on the role of Wnt cascade in pathophysiological mechanisms that take part in coronary artery disease from both clinical and experimental perspectives.

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Assessment of Aortic Atheromatous Plaque and Stiffness by 64-Slice Computed Tomography is Useful for Identifying Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation Journal ◽

10.1253/circj.cj-08-0396 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

pp. 2021-2027 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Takuhiro Okuyama ◽

Shoichi Ehara ◽

Nobuyuki Shirai ◽

Kenichi Sugioka ◽

Hajime Yamashita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Artery Disease

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Elevated level of circulatory sTLT1 induces inflammation through SYK/MEK/ERK signalling in coronary artery disease

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20190999 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 (22) ◽

pp. 2283-2299

Author(s):

Apabrita Ayan Das ◽

Devasmita Chakravarty ◽

Debmalya Bhunia ◽

Surajit Ghosh ◽

Prakash C. Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Critical Role ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract The role of inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process is well established and soluble TREM-like transcript 1 (sTLT1) is reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. Yet, no information is available about the involvement of sTLT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Present study was undertaken to determine the pathophysiological significance of sTLT1 in atherosclerosis by employing an observational study on human subjects (n=117) followed by experiments in human macrophages and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− mice. Plasma level of sTLT1 was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in clinical (2342 ± 184 pg/ml) and subclinical cases (1773 ± 118 pg/ml) than healthy controls (461 ± 57 pg/ml). Moreover, statistical analyses further indicated that sTLT1 was not only associated with common risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in both clinical and subclinical groups but also strongly correlated with disease severity. Ex vivo studies on macrophages showed that sTLT1 interacts with Fcɣ receptor I (FcɣRI) to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated downstream MAP kinase signalling cascade to activate nuclear factor-κ B (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB induces secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from macrophage cells that plays pivotal role in governing the persistence of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerotic apoE−/− mice also showed high levels of sTLT1 and TNF-α in nearly occluded aortic stage indicating the contribution of sTLT1 in inflammation. Our results clearly demonstrate that sTLT1 is clinically related to the risk factors of CAD. We also showed that binding of sTLT1 with macrophage membrane receptor, FcɣR1 initiates inflammatory signals in macrophages suggesting its critical role in thrombus development and atherosclerosis.

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