An Epidemiologic Study of Asbestos-Related Chest X-ray Changes to Identify Work Areas of High Risk in a Shipyard Population

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Anton-Culver ◽  
B. D. Culver ◽  
T. Kurosaki
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

The X-ray Department and Psychiatry

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Hospital Population ◽  
Stay Hospital ◽  
Routine Chest

SummaryAll X-rays requested by psychiatrists in-training during 1982 and performed by the Department of Radiology of a large mental hospital were analysed. Forty-five per cent of all requests were marked routine, and the majority of these were for chest X-rays; only 4% of these revealed significant abnormality and no patient under the age of 55 had a significant abnormality on routine chest X-ray. All routine skull X-rays were normal. One-third of the long-stay hospital population accounted for one-quarter of the overall workload of the department. It is recommended that: requests for routine skull X-rays be abandoned, and that routine chest X-rays for patients below the age of 55 be restricted to high-risk groups such as immigrants, those on steroids, etc. The financial implications of such a policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Value of Perioperative Chest X-ray for the Prediction of Sternal Wound Complications after Cardiac Surgery in High-Risk Patients: A “Work in Progress” Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Andrea Ardigò ◽  
Alessandra Francica ◽  
Gian Franco Veraldi ◽  
Ilaria Tropea ◽  
Filippo Tonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Radiological Measurements

Background. Sternal wound complications are serious events that occur after cardiac surgery. Few studies have investigated the predictive value of chest X-ray radiological measurements for sternal complications. Methods. Several perioperative radiological measurements at chest X-ray and clinical characteristics were computed in 849 patients deemed at high risk for sternal dehiscence (SD) or More than Grade 1 Surgical Site Infection (MG1-SSI). Multivariable analysis identified independent predictors, whilst receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses highlighted cut-off values of radiological measurements for the prediction of both complications. Results. SD occurred in 8.8% of the patients, MG1-SSI in 6.8%. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the only independent predictor for SD (Odds Ratio, O.R. 12.1; p < 0.001); proximal sternal height (PSH) was the only independent protective factor (O.R. 0.58; p < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 11.7 mm (sensitivity 70.5%, specificity 71.0%; ROC area under the curve (AUC) = 0.768, p < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus (O.R. 3.5; p < 0.001) and COPD (O.R. 21.3; p < 0.001) were independent predictors for MG1-SSI; indexed proximal sternal height (iPSH) was as a protective factor (O.R. 0.26; p < 0.001) with a cut-off of 5.97 mm (sensitivity 70.2%, specificity 69.0%; ROC AUC = 0.739, p < 0.001). No other radiological measurements were independently correlated with SD or MG1-SS (p = N.S.). Conclusion. PSH and iPSH at preoperative chest X-ray may act as indicators of high risk for sternal wound complications, allowing for early preventative measures.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Detection Using AI

2021 ◽  
pp. 561-566
Author(s):  
Shashank Mishra ◽  
Himanshu Kumar Shukla ◽  
Rajiv Singh ◽  
Vivek Pandey ◽  
Shubham Sagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Chest X Ray

The sudden increase in COVID-19 patients is a major shock to our global health care systems. With limited availability of test kits, it is not possible for all patients with respiratory infections to be tested using RT-PCR. Testing also takes a long time, with limited sensitivity. The detection of COVID-19 infections on Chest X-Ray can help isolate patients at high risk while awaiting test results. X-Ray machines are already available in many health care systems, and with many modern X-Ray systems already installed on the computer, there is no travel time involved in the samples. In this work we propose the use of chest X-Ray to prioritize the selection of patients for further RT-PCR testing. This can be useful in a hospital setting where current systems have difficulty deciding whether to keep the patient in the ward with other patients or isolate them from COVID-19 areas. It may also be helpful in identifying patients with high risk of COVID with false positive RT-PCR that will require repeated testing. In addition, we recommend the use of modern AI techniques to detect COVID-19 patients who use X-Ray imaging in an automated manner, especially in areas where radiologists are not available, and help make the proposed diagnostic technology easier. Introducing the CovidAID: COVID-19 AI Detector, a model based on a deep neural network of screening patients for proper diagnosis. In a publicly available covid-chest x-ray-dataset [2], our model provides 90.5% accuracy with 100% sensitivity (remember) to COVID-19 infection. We are greatly improving the results of Covid-Net [10] on the same database.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of Lung Cancer Screening with Sputum Cytology and Chest X-Ray Film in a High Risk Group.

Haigan ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoyasu Sagawa ◽  
Yasuki Saito ◽  
Satomi Takahashi ◽  
Chiaki Endo ◽  
Katsuo Usuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Sputum Cytology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

scholarly journals Sensitivity of chest X-ray for detecting lung cancer in people presenting with symptoms: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (689) ◽  
pp. e827-e835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H Bradley ◽  
Sarah Abraham ◽  
Matthew EJ Callister ◽  
Adam Grice ◽  
William T Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

BackgroundDespite increasing use of computed tomography (CT), chest X-ray remains the first-line investigation for suspected lung cancer in primary care in the UK. No systematic review evidence exists as to the sensitivity of chest X-ray for detecting lung cancer in people presenting with symptoms.AimTo estimate the sensitivity of chest X-ray for detecting lung cancer in symptomatic people.Design and settingA systematic review was conducted to determine the sensitivity of chest X-ray for the detection of lung cancer.MethodDatabases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched; a grey literature search was also performed.ResultsA total of 21 studies met the eligibility criteria. Almost all were of poor quality. Only one study had the diagnostic accuracy of chest X-ray as its primary objective. Most articles were case studies with a high risk of bias. Several were drawn from non-representative groups, for example, specific presentations, histological subtypes, or comorbidities. Only three studies had a low risk of bias. Two primary care studies reported sensitivities of 76.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 64.5 to 84.2%) and 79.3% (95% CI = 67.6 to 91.0%). One secondary care study reported a sensitivity of 79.7% (95% CI = 72.7 to 86.8%).ConclusionThough there is a paucity of evidence, the highest-quality studies suggest that the sensitivity of chest X-ray for symptomatic lung cancer is only 77% to 80%. GPs should consider if further investigation is necessary in high-risk patients who have had a negative chest X-ray.

scholarly journals Cost of a population-based programme of chest x-ray screening for lung cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dominioni ◽  
N. Rotolo ◽  
A. Poli ◽  
M. Castiglioni ◽  
M. Mangini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
General Practice ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Background. After the implementation of a population- based programme of chest x-ray (CXR) screening on smokers in Varese, Italy, lung cancer (LC) mortality was significantly reduced. Analysis of the incremental costs due to this type of screening programme is needed to evaluate its economic impact on the healthcare system. Methods. In July 1997 a population-based cohort, consisting of all high-risk smokers (n=5,815) identified among 60,000 adult residents from the Varese province, was invited to a LC screening programme (an annual CXR for five years) in a general practice setting, and was observed through 2006. Invitees received National Health Service (NHS) usual care, with the addition of CXRs in screening participants. At the end of observation, among the 245 LCs diagnosed in the entire screening-invited cohort the observed LC deaths were 38 fewer than expected. To estimate the incremental direct cost due to screening in the invited cohort for the period July 1997-2006, we compared the direct cost of screening administration, CXR screens and LC management in the invited cohort and in the uninvited and unscreened controls in NHS usual care setting. Results. Over the 9.5 years, the total incremental direct healthcare costs (including screening organization/administration, CXR screens, additional procedures prompted by false-positive tests, overdiagnosed LCs) were estimated to range from € 607,440 to € 618,370 (in euros as of 2012), equating to between € 15,985- € 16,273 per patient out of the 38 LC deaths averted. Conclusions. In a general practice setting, the incremental cost for a CXR screening programme targeted at all high-risk smokers in a population of 60,000 adults was estimated to be about €65,000 per annum, approx. €16,000 for each LC death averted.

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