Deliberation 2.0: Comparing the Deliberative Quality of Online News User Comments Across Platforms

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Teresa K. Naab ◽  
Constanze Küchler

The ‘clarity’ of user comments is an indicator for the quality of statements made in online discussions. User comments below news content on websites or in social media can be examined to determine whether they are clearly written, that is comprehensible to the reader in terms of form, style, and content. Clarity of user comments is essential for the contribution of a comment to a discussion and the exchange between commenters. Field of application/theoretical foundation: As a complement to various further criteria (e.g. coherence, occurrence of arguments), the variable ‘clarity’ of a user comment indicates the comment’s contribution to the deliberative quality of online discussions. Normative approaches to discourse ethics (e.g. Habermas, 1992) assume that contributions to discussions should be phrased understandably to be more valuable for the success of a discussion.  Example studies: Medium Measure Unit of analysis Studies Online; online discussions below news posts Clarity Individual user comment Naab & Küchler (work in progress) Ziegele & Quiring (2015)   Info about variables Variable name/definition: Verständlichkeit eines Nutzerkommentars Operationalization/coding instructions: Es wird kodiert, wie leicht sich Leser*innen der Sinn eines Nutzerkommentars erschließt, wie gut er nachvollziehbar ist. Hierbei zählt der Gesamteindruck. Indikatoren für eine hohe Verständlichkeit sind: Ein verständlicher Sprachstil überwiegend Standardsprache ohne akademische Begriffe bzw. Fremdwörter Vermeidung von Reimen oder literarischen Schreibformen Vermeidung von übertriebenem Cyberslang oder Umgangssprache Keine Verwendung von Fremdsprachen Eine klare, wenig verschachtelte Satzstruktur Keine auffälligen Rechtschreib- und Grammatikfehler Eine eindeutige rhetorische Gestaltung durch den Verzicht auf Ironie, Metaphern und abstrakte Bilder Eine hohe Prägnanz der Aussagen im Sinne der Verbindung von „Bedeutungsreichtum mit einem hohen Maß an Klarheit, Angemessenheit, Anschaulichkeit und Einfachheit“ Verzicht auf das Voraussetzen von speziellem Hintergrundwissen, das beim Durchschnittsleser nicht vorausgesetzt werden kann. Der Kodierer kann sich die Frage stellen: Wie leicht erschließt sich mir der Sinn des Kommentars, wie nachvollziehbar ist er? „Baseline“ ist der Code „0“.  Level of analysis: einzelner Nutzerkommentar Values: 0/ normal verständlich, 1/ schwer verständlich, 2/ überhaupt nicht verständlich, 99/ nicht eindeutig zuzuordnen  Intercoder reliability: The variable showed good performance in tests for intercoder agreement (percentage agreement = 86%; Krippendorf’s alpha = .72) in the study by Ziegele, Breiner, & Quiring (2014).   References Habermas, J. (1992). Faktizität und Geltung: Beiträge zur Diskurstheorie des Rechts und des demokratischen Rechtsstaates. Suhrkamp. Naab, T.K. & Küchler, C. (work in progress). Unveröffentlichtes Codebuch aus dem DFG-Projekt „Gegenseitige Sanktionierung unter NutzerInnen von Kommentarbereichen auf Nachrichtenwebseiten und auf Facebook“. Augsburg. Steenbergen, M. R., Bächtiger, A., Spörndli, M., & Steiner, J. (2003). Measuring political deliberation: A discourse quality index. Comparative European Politics, 1(1), 21–48. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110002 Ziegele, M., Breiner, T., & Quiring, O. (2014). What creates interactivity in online news discussions? An exploratory analysis of discussion factors in user comments on news items. Journal of Communication, 64(6), 1111–1138. doi:10.1111/jcom.12123 Ziegele, M. & Quiring, O. (2015). Codebuch: Der Diskussionswert von Online-Nachrichten. Unveröffentlichtes Codebuch aus dem DFG-Projekt „Vom Nachrichtenwert zum Diskussionswert“. Mainz.


Author(s):  
Teresa K. Naab ◽  
Constanze Küchler

The occurrence of ‘arguments’ indicates the quality of statements made in online discussions. User comments below news content on websites or in social media can be examined whether they give reasons for or against positions or assertions. The occurrence of arguments in user comments or entire online discussions can be investigated in various ways depending on the exact research focus. Thus, the occurrence of arguments, their number, quality, or content (what reasons are raised?) can be examined. To determine the occurrence and number of arguments, arguments must first be identified. To ascertain the quality of arguments an evaluation standard is necessary (what constitutes high- or low-quality arguments?). Field of application/theoretical foundation: As a complement to various further criteria (e.g. coherence, clarity), the occurrence of arguments in user comments indicates the comments’ contribution to the deliberative quality of online discussions. Normative approaches to discourse ethics (e.g. Habermas, 1992; Steenberger et al., 2003) assume that contributions to a discussion that provide arguments for a position are more valuable to the success of a discussion than contributions that do not provide arguments. In addition, studies with various other theoretical backgrounds analyze arguments in user comments. For instance, the occurrence of arguments in user comments is interpreted as an indicator for factuality. Factuality, in turn, is regarded as a discussion factor comparable to news factors in journalism research (Ziegele, Breiner & Quiring, 2014). Example studies: Medium Measure Unit of analysis Studies Online; online discussions below news posts Occurence of arguments Individual user comment Naab & Küchler (work in progress) Ziegele & Quiring (2015)   Info about variables Variable name/definition: Vorhandensein von Argument(en) in einem Nutzerkommentar Operationalization/coding instructions: Argumente sind Aussagen, die dazu dienen sollen, Behauptungen zu begründen oder zu widerlegen. Es wird kodiert, ob ein Nutzerkommentar Argumente verwendet, um eine oder mehrere geäußerte(n) Meinung(en) zu begründen. Von Interesse ist hier, ob die Autor*innen von Nutzerkommentaren ihre eigenen Aussagen mit Argumenten unterstützen oder ob diese unbegründet bleiben. Die Leser*innen müssen sich bei zusammenhängenden Aussagen im Kommentar fragen, ob die Frage nach dem „Warum“ beantwortet wird. Anders gesagt: Gut erkennbar ist ein Argument, wenn man es problemlos mit einem Kausalsatz (weil...) an eine Behauptung anfügen kann oder wenn man eine begründende „Wenn-Dann-Beziehung“ zwischen den Sätzen herstellen kann. Eine Aneinanderreihung von Aussagen zählt nicht als Argumentation. Es geht hier nicht um die Qualität der Argumente. Es wird nur kodiert, ob Begründungen für Aussagen/Behauptungen/Positionen angeführt werden. Level of analysis: einzelner Nutzerkommentar Values: 0/ keine Argumente, 1/ mind. ein Argument, 99/ nicht eindeutig zuzuordnen   References Naab, T.K. & Küchler, C. (work in progress). Unveröffentlichtes Codebuch aus dem DFG-Projekt „Gegenseitige Sanktionierung unter NutzerInnen von Kommentarbereichen auf Nachrichtenwebseiten und auf Facebook“. Augsburg. Habermas, J. (1992). Faktizität und Geltung: Beiträge zur Diskurstheorie des Rechts und des demokratischen Rechtsstaates. Suhrkamp. Steenbergen, M. R., Bächtiger, A., Spörndli, M., & Steiner, J. (2003). Measuring political deliberation: A discourse quality index. Comparative European Politics, 1(1), 21–48. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110002 Ziegele, M., Breiner, T., & Quiring, O. (2014). What creates interactivity in online news discussions? An exploratory analysis of discussion factors in user comments on news items. Journal of Communication, 64(6), 1111–1138. doi:10.1111/jcom.12123 Ziegele, M. & Quiring, O. (2015). Codebuch: Der Diskussionswert von Online-Nachrichten. Unveröffentlichtes Codebuch aus dem DFG-Projekt „Vom Nachrichtenwert zum Diskussionswert“. Mainz.


Author(s):  
Marlene Kunst

Abstract. Comments sections under news articles have become popular spaces for audience members to oppose the mainstream media’s perspective on political issues by expressing alternative views. This kind of challenge to mainstream discourses is a necessary element of proper deliberation. However, due to heuristic information processing and the public concern about disinformation online, readers of comments sections may be inherently skeptical about user comments that counter the views of mainstream media. Consequently, commenters with alternative views may participate in discussions from a position of disadvantage because their contributions are scrutinized particularly critically. Nevertheless, this effect has hitherto not been empirically established. To address this gap, a multifactorial, between-subjects experimental study ( N = 166) was conducted that investigated how participants assess the credibility and argument quality of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. The findings revealed that media-dissonant user comments are, indeed, disadvantaged in online discussions, as they are assessed as less credible and more poorly argued than media-congruent user comments. Moreover, the findings showed that the higher the participants’ level of media trust, the worse the assessment of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. Normative implications and avenues for future research are discussed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar ◽  
Ramdas Ransing ◽  
Ginni Sharma ◽  
Jigyansa Ipsita Pattnaik ◽  
...  

Objective: Little is known about changes in quality of media reporting of suicide in the community following a celebrity suicide. Our objective was to compare trends in quality of media reporting of suicide, before and after the suicide of an Indian entertainment celebrity, against the World Health Organization suicide reporting guidelines. Method: Online news portals of English and local language newspapers, as well as television channels, were searched to identify relevant suicide-related news articles. Comparison of reporting characteristics before and after the celebrity suicide was performed using chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 3867 eligible news reports were retrieved. There was a significant increase in harmful reporting characteristics, such as reporting the name, age and gender of the deceased ( p < 0.001 for all comparisons), mentioning the location ( p < 0.001) and reason for suicide ( p = 0.04) and including photos of the deceased ( p = 0.002) following the celebrity suicide. Helpful reporting practices were less affected; there was a significant rise in inclusion of expert opinion ( p = 0.04) and mention of suicide-related warning signs ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: Following a celebrity suicide, significant changes in the quality of media reporting of suicide were noted with an increase in several potentially harmful reporting characteristics.


2014 ◽  
pp. 324-352
Author(s):  
Rick Malleus

This chapter proposes a framework for analyzing the credibility of online news sites, allowing diaspora populations to evaluate the credibility of online news about their home countries. A definition of credibility is established as a theoretical framework for analysis, and a framework of seven elements is developed based on the following elements: accuracy, authority, believability, quality of message construction, peer review, comparison, and corroboration. Later, those elements are applied to a variety of online news sources available to the Zimbabwean diaspora that serves as a case study for explaining the framework. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the framework in relation to some contextual circumstances of diaspora populations and presents some limitations of the framework as diaspora populations might actually apply the different elements.


Author(s):  
Varalakshmi Konagala ◽  
Shahana Bano

The engendering of uncertain data in ordinary access news sources, for example, news sites, web-based life channels, and online papers, have made it trying to recognize capable news sources, along these lines expanding the requirement for computational instruments ready to give into the unwavering quality of online substance. For instance, counterfeit news outlets were observed to be bound to utilize language that is abstract and enthusiastic. At the point when specialists are chipping away at building up an AI-based apparatus for identifying counterfeit news, there wasn't sufficient information to prepare their calculations; they did the main balanced thing. In this chapter, two novel datasets for the undertaking of phony news locations, covering distinctive news areas, distinguishing proof of phony substance in online news has been considered. N-gram model will distinguish phony substance consequently with an emphasis on phony audits and phony news. This was pursued by a lot of learning analyses to fabricate precise phony news identifiers and showed correctness of up to 80%.


Author(s):  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar ◽  
Natarajan Varadharajan ◽  
Charanya Kaliamoorthy ◽  
Jigyansa Ipsita Pattnaik ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Celebrity suicides have the potential to trigger suicide contagion, particularly when media reporting is detailed and imbalanced. We aimed to assess the quality of media reporting of suicide of a popular Indian entertainment celebrity against the World Health Organization (WHO) suicide reporting guidelines. Methods Relevant news articles that reported the actor’s suicide were retrieved from online news portals of regional and English language newspapers and television channels in the immediate week following the event. Deductive content analysis of these articles was done using a pre-designed data extraction form. Results A total of 573 news articles were analyzed. Several breaches of reporting were noted in relation to mentioning the word ‘celebrity’ in the title of report (14.7%), inclusion of the deceased’s photograph (88.5%), detailed descriptions of the method (50.4%) and location of suicide (70.6%); local language newspapers were more culpable than English newspapers. Helpful reporting characteristics such as mentioning warning signs (4.1%), including educational information (2.7%) and suicide support line details (14.0%) were rarely practiced. Conclusion Media reporting of celebrity suicide in India is imbalanced and poorly adherent to suicide reporting recommendations. Local language news reports display more frequent and serious violations in reporting as opposed to English news articles.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Putu Tantri Fajarini ◽  
Ni Kadek Ayu Wirdiani ◽  
I Putu Arya Dharmaadi

<p class="Abstrak">Portal berita <em>online</em> harus memenuhi beberapa aspek untuk bisa menjaga kualitas penggunaan dan informasi yang disediakan, salah satunya aspek <em>usability</em>. Aspek <em>usability </em>menentukan tingkat kebermanfaatan portal berita yang dinilai dari tingkat efektivitas, efisiensi, serta kepuasan dengan melakukan evaluasi <em>usability</em>. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi <em>usability </em>pada beberapa portal berita <em>online</em> di Indonesia untuk mendapatkan tingkat <em>usability </em>dari portal berita dan rekomendasi perbaikannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 portal berita yang menyediakan berbagai macam berita yang terjadi baik itu berita lokal, nasional, hingga internasional secara aktual dan cepat. Evaluasi <em>usability</em> pada penelitian ini menggunakan 20 responden penelitian yang dipilih menggunakan <em>simple random</em><em> sampling</em><em> </em>dari pembaca dan staf portal berita yang dievaluasi.Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan evaluasi dengan mengkombinasikan teknik <em>Heuristic Evaluation</em><em> </em>dan <em>Think Aloud</em>. Teknik <em>Heuristic Evaluation</em><em> </em>digunakan untuk mengevaluasi antarmuka dengan menggunakan kuesioner heuristik dan <em>Think Aloud</em> digunakan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan portal berdasarkan hasil verbalisasi masukan dari pengguna.Pada tahap pengumpulan data, setiap responden akan mengerjakan skenario tugas dengan memberikan masukan perbaikan atau kesulitan yang dirasakan. Responden selanjutnya akan melakukan pengisian kuesioner dari 10 aspek heuristik antarmuka portal.Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa penelitian telah berhasil mendefinisikan permasalahan dan rekomendasi perbaikan dari portal berita yang diievaluasi. Hasil analisis <em>Heuristic Evaluation </em>menunjukkan bahwa terdapat permasalahan pada 3 portal yang dievaluasi dengan tingkat<em> </em>minor yang prioritas perbaikannya rendah dengan rata-rata nilai <em>severity ratings</em> 2. Analisis <em>Think Aloud</em> menghasilkan 85 rekomendasi perbaikan dari 3 portal berita yang dievaluasi. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat melakukan evaluasi lanjutan dari implementasi rekomendasi perbaikan.verity ratings dari tabel severity ratings yang didefinisikan oleh Nielsen, 1993</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em>Online news portals must meet several aspects to be able to maintain the quality of use and information provided, one of them is usability. The usability aspect determines the level of usefulness of the news portal which is assessed from the level of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction by evaluating usability. This research aims to evaluate the usability of several online news portals in Indonesia to get the level of usability from news portals and recommendations for improvement. This research uses 3 news portals that provide a variety of news that occurs both locally, nationally, and internationally, in real time and quickly. Usability evaluation in this study used 20 research respondents who were selected using simple random sampling from readers and news portal staff who were evaluated. In this study, an evaluation will be conducted by combining Heuristic Evaluation and Think Aloud techniques. The Heuristic Evaluation technique is used to evaluate the interface using a heuristic questionnaire and Think Aloud is used to evaluate the use of the portal based on the results of verbalizing user input. At the data collection stage, each respondent will work on the task scenario by providing input on improvements or perceived difficulties. Respondents will then fill out questionnaires from 10 aspects of the portal interface heuristics. The results of data analysis carried out indicate that the research has succeeded in defining the problem and recommendations for improvement from the evaluated news portal. The results of the Heuristic Evaluation analysis showed that there were problems in 3 portals that were evaluated with a minor level with low priority improvement with an average severity ratings of 2.. Think Aloud analysis yields 85 recommendations for improvement from the 3 news portals evaluated. Future research can carry out further evaluations of the implementation of improvement recommendations.</em></p>


2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Torres da Silva

The Internet has created new “dialogical spaces” (Oblak, 2005) where issues of common concern can be discussed, serving to democratize the public sphere. As a potential deliberative section and a civic forum, readers’ comments in newspapers’ websites constitute a locus for public debate and ideas exchange provided by the mainstream media. As a case study, this article intends to assess the quality of audience participation in online news sites, by analysing the readers’ comments in the news about the Brazilian presidential campaign (September-November 2010) in the online versions of two Portuguese newspapers.


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