Native-American Camas Production and Trade in the Pacific Northwest and Northern Rocky Mountains

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet H. Gritzner
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
The Pacific

Evaluating the Economic Efficiency of Wildfire Rehabilitation Treatments

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Jay Sullivan ◽  
Philip N. Omi ◽  
A. Allen Dyer ◽  
Armando Gonzáles-Cabán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tree Approach

Abstract The success of emergency wildfire rehabilitation treatments applied on USDA Forest Service land is rarely documented. Though based partially on economic efficiency criteria, treatments are often applied with little consideration of the risks involved. A decision-tree approach incorporates such risks in the rehabilitation decision process through the calculation of an expected value. This approach was applied to documented rehabilitation projects conducted on Forest Service land in the Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains from 1976 to 1981. The evaluation of past projects showed that a number of inefficient projects have been applied even without considering risk. When the risks of applying treatments are included, the efficiency of nearly all of the rehabilitation efforts becomes suspect. West. J. Appl. For. 2(2):58-61, April, 1987.

Composition of native American fruits in the Pacific Northwest

1982 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-572
Author(s):  
Patrick B. Keely ◽  
Charlene S. Martinsen ◽  
Eugene S. Hunn ◽  
Helen H. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Keeping the World in Balance - Music Therapy in a Ritual Context

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The University

I asked Walker why the Spirit Dances were held in the Winter. He told me that in the Winter the Earth's reserves are low, so the people must dance to create energy for the Earth during the Winter months. At the time I was a graduate student in anthropology at the University of British Columbia doing my field studies in the Salish Guardian Spirit Dance Ceremonials of the Pacific Northwest Coast (Kenny, 1982). Walker didn't seem to care as much about the academics as he cared about the fact that I was Native American myself. And he wanted to support my learning about healing and the arts. The Winter Dances, as the Salish people call them, are known for healing young adults in Pacific Northwest Coast Native societies who are not able to be cured by standard medical and psychological treatments (Kenny, 1982; Jilek, 1972).

Area burned in alpine treeline ecotones reflects region-wide trends

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alina Cansler ◽  
Donald McKenzie ◽  
Charles B. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Alpine Treeline ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Alpine Treeline Ecotone ◽  
The Pacific

The direct effects of climate change on alpine treeline ecotones – the transition zones between subalpine forest and non-forested alpine vegetation – have been studied extensively, but climate-induced changes in disturbance regimes have received less attention. To determine if recent increases in area burned extend to these higher-elevation landscapes, we analysed wildfires from 1984–2012 in eight mountainous ecoregions of the Pacific Northwest and Northern Rocky Mountains. We considered two components of the alpine treeline ecotone: subalpine parkland, which extends upward from subalpine forest and includes a fine-scale mosaic of forest and non-forested vegetation; and non-forested alpine vegetation. We expected these vegetation types to burn proportionally less than the entire ecoregion, reflecting higher fuel moisture and longer historical fire rotations. In four of eight ecoregions, the proportion of area burned in subalpine parkland (3%–8%) was greater than the proportion of area burned in the entire ecoregion (2%–7%). In contrast, in all but one ecoregion, a small proportion (≤4%) of the alpine vegetation burned. Area burned regionally was a significant predictor of area burned in subalpine parkland and alpine, suggesting that similar climatic drivers operate at higher and lower elevations or that fire spreads from neighbouring vegetation into the alpine treeline ecotone.

THE SPECIES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LEAFHOPPERSCERATAGALLIAKIRKALDY ANDACERATAGALLIAKIRKALDY (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G.A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
North American ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Washington State ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two New Species

AbstractThe North American genusCeratagalliaKirkaldy, 1907 is redefined to include subgenusAceratagalliaKirkaldy, 1907 (=IoniaBall, 1933, syn.nov.) with 78 species in two subgenera. Two additional new species are unplaced to subgenus:C. aceratafrom Oregon, andC. emarginatafrom Mexico. The typical subgenusCeratagalliahas 30 species, includingC. gillettei(Osborn & Ball, comb.nov.),C. sordida(Oman, comb.nov.), and two new speciesC. anafrom Mexico andC. viperafrom Washington state. SubgenusAceratagalliahas 46 species, all new combinations underCeratagallia. The economic "species" formerly known as "sanguinolenta" is divided into the Canadian clover leafhopperC. humilis(Oman) and the American clover leafhopperC. agricolasp.nov. Other new taxa in subgenusAceratagalliainclude 18 new species and seven new subspecies:alaskana(ssp. ofsiccifolia)from Alaska;omanion the Pacific coast from Oregon to British Columbia;clinoandlophiafrom the Oregon interior;compressa(ssp. ofsiccifolia),gallus,modesta,okanagana, andzacki(ssp. ofnanella) from intermontane valleys of the Pacific northwest and southwestern mountains;interior(ssp. ofhumilis) androssifrom the Sonoran subregion;australis(ssp. ofnanella),coma,ebena,entoma,falcata,oionus, andvenosafrom Mexico and Texas;alvarana(ssp. ofhumilis),cerea,cristula,harrisi, semiarida, andviatorwidespread between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains; andwhitcombi(ssp. ofrobusta) from Florida to Arizona. Four former species are reduced to subspecies:compactaOman andpoudrisOman inC. robusta(Oman),helveolaOman inC. cinerea(Osborn & Ball), andtruncataOman inC. humilis. The taxa are keyed and illustrated, and their phylogeny is discussed.

Lexical acculturation, areal diffusion, lingua francas, and bilingualism

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-282
Author(s):  
Cecil H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Native American Languages ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Pacific

ABSTRACTThis study continues an investigation of lexical acculturation in Native American languages using a sample of 292 language cases distributed from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego (Brown 1994). Focus is on the areal diffusion of native language words for imported European Objects and concepts. Approximately 80% of all sharing of such terms is found to occur among closely genetically related languages. Amerindian languages only distantly related, or not related at all, tend to share native labels for acculturated items only when these have diffused to them from a lingua franca, such as Chinook Jargon (a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest Coast) or Peruvian Quechua (the language of the Inca empire). Lingua francas also facilitate diffusion of terms through genetically related languages; but sometimes, as in the case of Algonquian languages, these are neither familiar American pidgins nor languages associated with influential nation states. An explanatory framework is constructed around the proposal that degree of bilingualism positively influences extent of lexical borrowing. (Amerindian languages, bilingualism, language contact, lexical acculturation, lexical diffusion, lingua francas)

The Pacific Northwest

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Native American History ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Columbia Plateau ◽  
Cultural Legitimacy ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Recent Trends

Despite decades of neglect by professional historians, the Pacific Northwest brings particular clarity to major themes in Native American history. On both sides of the Cascade Mountains and the US-Canadian border, Native communities have carried on the struggle for territorial integrity, political authority, economic viability, and cultural legitimacy that began in the late eighteenth century. Scholars, in turn, have broadened their studies temporally, culturally, and thematically to create a fuller picture of the region’s past. This chapter surveys recent trends in the ethnohistorical literature concerning the diverse indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast and Columbia Plateau. For the sake of brevity, it emphasizes three themes of particular salience in the Northwest: the porous character of cultural and political boundaries, the fluidity of racial and tribal identities, and the determination of Native nations to protect their ancestral lands and resources.

Paleoseismicity, Ecological Change, and Prehistoric Exploitation of Anadromous Fishes in the Salmon River Basin, Western Idaho, USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fluvial Response ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Salmon Fishery

By the middle Holocene, Native American groups developed semi-sedentary villages in the Columbia River basin of the Pacific Northwest. The economic basis for these villages is thought to have been predicated on the acquisition of bulk food resources, such as salmon and camas, for delayed consumption during the winter. In Idaho's lower Salmon River canyon, semi-sedentary pit house villages are absent until after 2000 14C yr BP. Floodplain geochronology shows channel incision and terrace formation occurred at ca. 2000 14C yr BP, caused by fluvial response to neotectonic displacement along a normal fault. The delayed appearance of pit house sites and other markers of the Winter Village Pattern in the canyon is argued to be directly related to neotectonically-induced changes in fluvial conditions after 2000 14C yr BP, which significantly improved aquatic habitats for anadromous fishes and led to the development of a predictable, productive salmon fishery.

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