The Role of Living Shorelines as Estuarine Habitat Conservation Strategies

Civil wars are frequent in lesser-developed nations, wherein is harbored a disproportionate share of the world's biodiversity. These wars have had serious detrimental effects, direct and indirect, on conservation programs. From 2001 to 2005, we conducted site visits, personal interviews, and document searches bearing upon this problem as exemplified by Nepal's ongoing Maoist insurgency. Cases of insurgents usurping full control of several protected areas have come to light, as has a rapid increase in poaching and illicit wildlife trade nation-wide. Staff and infrastructure of conservation agencies and non-governmental organizations have been attacked. The Nepalese situation invites reassessment of traditional “fortresses-and-fines” conservation strategies as well as more modern “community-based” approaches that require local governmental offices to remain functional. Also called into question is the role of military force in the protection of parks and reserves. In times of civil strife, we conclude, robust conservation may most likely be achieved by nongovernmental organizations that are politically neutral and financially independent.

Download Full-text

Wild Edible Fruits: A Systematic Review of an Under-Researched Multifunctional NTFP (Non-Timber Forest Product)

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10060467 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 467 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mallika Sardeshpande ◽

Charlie Shackleton

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Forest Products ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Habitat Conservation ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Taxonomic Descriptions ◽

Non Timber Forest Products ◽

Wild Edible Fruits ◽

Processed Products

Wild edible fruits (WEFs) are among the most widely used non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and important sources of nutrition, medicine, and income for their users. In addition to their use as food, WEF species may also yield fiber, fuel, and a range of processed products. Besides forests, WEF species also thrive in diverse environments, such as agroforestry and urban landscapes, deserts, fallows, natural lands, and plantations. Given the multifunctional, ubiquitous nature of WEFs, we conducted a systematic review on the literature specific to WEFs and highlighted links between different domains of the wider knowledge on NTFPs. We found that literature specific to WEFs was limited, and a majority of it reported ethnobotanical and taxonomic descriptions, with relatively few studies on landscape ecology, economics, and conservation of WEFs. Our review identifies priorities and emerging avenues for research and policymaking to promote sustainable WEF management and use, and subsequent biodiversity and habitat conservation. In particular, we recommend that ecosystem services, economic incentives, market innovations, and stakeholder synergies are incorporated into WEF conservation strategies.

Download Full-text

Designing effective incentives for living shorelines as a habitat conservation strategy along residential coasts

Conservation Letters ◽

10.1111/conl.12744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Steven B. Scyphers ◽

Michael W. Beck ◽

Kelsi L. Furman ◽

Judy Haner ◽

Andrew G. Keeler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conservation Strategy ◽

Habitat Conservation ◽

Living Shorelines

Download Full-text

Amphibians and reptiles of the Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco, municipality of Capela, state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 756 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sérgio Augusto Abrahão Morato ◽

André Magnani Xavier de Lima ◽

Daniele Cristina Pries Staut ◽

Renato Gomes Faria ◽

João Pedro De Souza-Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Habitat Conservation ◽

Conservation Unit ◽

Field Surveys ◽

High Level ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest ◽

High Diversity ◽

Northeastern Atlantic

The Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest has high diversity levels of amphibians and reptiles, but there is a lack of richness survey at several areas, while a high level of deforestation is already known. The biome is highly endangered in northeastern Brazil, and few protected areas have been the main mechanism for providing the habitat conservation. We studied the Refúgio da Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco, a recently established conservation unit in this biome, at the Capela municipality, in the state of Sergipe. Field surveys and literature review were conducted between 2007-2009, revealing 33 species of anuran amphibians and 26 of reptiles (one turtle, ten lizards and 15 snakes). The presence of rare and endemic species suggests an important role of this area as a source remnant of the northeastern Atlantic Forest herpetological community.

Download Full-text

Exploring Park–People Conflicts in Colombia through a Social Lens

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892918000413 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kobe De Pourcq ◽

Evert Thomas ◽

Marlene Elias ◽

Patrick Van Damme

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Natural Resource ◽

Local Communities ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Conflict Prevention ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

Productive Activities ◽

Nation States

SummaryNatural resource-related conflicts between local communities and nation states can be extremely destructive. Worldwide, interest is growing in gaining a better understanding of why and how these conflicts originate, particularly in protected areas inhabited by local communities. The literature on local attitudes towards and perceptions of park conservation and park–people conflicts is quite extensive. Studies have examined the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of attitudes to protected areas. However, the role of such determinants in the experience of park–people conflicts has received considerably less attention. Drawing on 601 interviews with people living in or near 15 Colombian national protected areas (NPAs), we examine the socioeconomic and geographical variables that are most influential in people’s experience of conflict related to restricted access to natural resources. We find that the experience of this type of conflict is largely explained by the NPA where a person resides, pursuit of productive activities within the NPA, previous employment in NPA administration, gender and ethnicity. We recommend implementing socially inclusive conservation strategies for conflict prevention and resolution in Colombia’s NPAs, whereby both women and men from different ethnic groups are engaged in design and implementation.

Download Full-text

The Challenge of Planning Conservation Strategies in Threatened Seascapes: Understanding the Role of Fine Scale Assessments of Community Response to Cumulative Human Pressures

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0149253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e0149253 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Giuseppe Guarnieri ◽

Stanislao Bevilacqua ◽

Francesco De Leo ◽

Giulio Farella ◽

Anna Maffia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Response ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Fine Scale

Download Full-text

Environmental Conservation and Cultural Action

Practicing Anthropology ◽

10.17730/praa.24.2.v730471487545p44 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 28-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christina Kreps

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Cultural Preservation ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Cultural Resources ◽

Local Systems ◽

Cultural Variables ◽

Ecological Protection ◽

Conservation Of Natural Resources

Now that conservation models which segregate nature from people (or nature from culture) are no longer seen as viable, we are witnessing the emergence of new approaches that acknowledge the crucial role culture plays in conservation efforts. We now know that environmental conservation is, in many cases, not only contingent on the conservation of natural resources, but also the conservation of cultural resources. Respectively, conservation strategies are increasingly being linked to issues of cultural preservation and survival. This latter goal, however, requires a broader view of the role of culture than is often taken in conservation efforts as well as the kinds of resources that can be used for these purposes. When cultural variables are taken into consideration they are often reduced to a discreet set of resources, such as indigenous knowledge and local systems of ecological protection that can be integrated into projects. But culture needs to be seen as foundational to conservation rather than just an added dimension or resource. Since culture, in all its varied forms, contributes to the construction of what people value and take concern in, it also determines, to a certain degree, how and where people will direct their energy. Therefore, we need to develop approaches that acknowledge and build on the dynamics of culture, and activities that can serve as a motivating and sustaining force in a community.

Download Full-text

Conservation refugees and environmental dispossession in 21st century critical Geography

Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles ◽

10.21138/bage.2895 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Scott William Hoefle

Keyword(s):

Political Ecology ◽

Environmental History ◽

Environmental Ethics ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Global Climate ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Critical Geography ◽

Conservation Units

This study explores the relevance of the concepts of conservation refugees and environmental dispossession for steering a middle course between unjust bio-centric conservation and anti-environmentalism of extreme right “populism”. Historical geographers have recently taken up these concepts from contemporary Environmental History, and when with allied to the concepts of environmental ethics from Radical Ecology and Environmental Studies and nature enclosures from Political Ecology, a novel critique is produced of the role of full conservation units in debates surrounding global climate change. This kind of nature reserve is steeped in bio-centric environmental ethics which distill nature and dispossess native peoples and poor peasants. The latter are considered to be anthropic agents who are criminalized, removed and turned into conservation refugees in order to cleanse the landscape of (poor rural) human presence. Drawing on research undertaken on nature enclosures in three threatened biomes of Brazil, hybrid views of society-nature and actor-network assembly from Relational Geography are used to interpret specific cases involving successful resistance to environmental dispossession in which local people forced a change in mentality of nature reserve administrators, turned foe into ally and built socially inclusive conservation strategies.

Download Full-text

Functional landscape of Sila Grande (Calabria, Italy): Vegetation dynamism and synphytosociology

ARPHA Conference Abstracts ◽

10.3897/aca.2.e46807 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Dimitar Uzunov ◽

Carmen Gangale

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Field Studies ◽

Point Of View ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Vegetation Diversity ◽

Bibliographic Analysis ◽

Phytosociological Relevés ◽

Dynamics Of Vegetation

The aim of this presentation is to present practical problems related to the land management and biodiversity conservation, using methods of landscape analysis through approaches of synphytosociology. The study area was Sila Grande (Calabria, S Italy), for which an exhaustive bibliographic analysis was carried out and cartographic materials were collected. Spatial data and different themes were organized in a Geographic Information System (GIS), proceeding with a first segmentation (environmental patches identification) based on geomorphologic, geological land use, bioclimatic, etc. In addition, an analysis of mountainous plant communities was carried out, based on 1047 phytosociological relevés (554 original) in order to investigate paleo-geographic, ecological and anthropic factors that influence floral and vegetation diversity. Data from literature and field studies (1998–2013) have been critically analyzed in order to clarify the syntaxonomic position of the main vegetation types. Twenty-six new syntaxa (associations and subassociations) are proposed and an updated sintaxonomic scheme is presented. Querco-Fagetea and Molinio-Arrhenetheretea are the most represented classes in the area due to the bioclimatic factors. Wet communities (Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, Nardetea strictae, ScheuchzerioCaricetea fuscae, Montio-Cardaminetea and Littorelletea uniflorae) have a significant biogeographical importance due to a rich group of boreal species. This “Nordic imprint” of the flora, vegetation and landscape is of special interest and its peculiarities are analyzed from ecological and biogeographycal point of view. Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean elements prevail in the dry grasslands and shrublands. Some problems about the dynamics of vegetation are discussed such as the role of black pine communities and their relations with beech forests, trying also to provide clues for conservation strategies and management.

Download Full-text