Are Second-born Children More Empathetic than Only Children? A Study on Empathy Development of Chinese Preschoolers

The paper reflects one of the aspects of the research carried out within the framework of the project “Nature of variability of negative personality traits: a twin study”. The research reviews the adaptive component of negative personal traits. The sample of the study consisted of 136 members of monozygotic twins and 401 only children in their families aged 18-78. Life satisfaction was a generalized metric of psychological adaptation. It is shown that a number of negative personality traits (in particular, narcissism, authoritarianism) positively correlate with life satisfaction. The biased value of various personality traits, which can also indirectly serve as an indicator of adaptability of these psychological properties, was assessed using a semantic differential. The age-related changes in the perfect image of the self, which are associated primarily with some more attractive negative personal traits, as well as the multidirectional desired changes in personality traits in themselves and the twin (more power and conflict in themselves and less of the same in the brother/sister) also indicate that a number of negative personal traits play a positive role in psychological adaptation. It is assumed that these traits can have a compensatory function during stress, and the destructiveness of these traits can have a greater impact on people around than on themselves.

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Cytokine Biosignature of Active and Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Children

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Magdalena Druszczynska ◽

Michal Seweryn ◽

Sebastian Wawrocki ◽

Magdalena Kowalewska-Pietrzak ◽

Anna Pankowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Only Children ◽

Latent Tb ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Multiplex Bead

None of the currently used diagnostic tools are efficient enough in diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in children. The study was aimed to identify cytokine biosignatures characterizing active and latent tuberculosis (TB) in children. Using a multiplex bead-based technology, we analyzed the levels of 53 Th17-related cytokines and inflammatory mediators in sera from 216 BCG-vaccinated children diagnosed with active TB (TB) or latent TB (LTBI) as well as uninfected controls (HC). Children with active TB, compared to HC children, showed reduced serum levels of IL-17A, MMP-2, OPN, PTX-3, and markedly elevated concentrations of APRIL/TNFSF13. IL-21, sCD40L, MMP-2, and IL-8 were significantly differentially expressed in the comparisons between groups: (1) HC versus TB and LTBI (jointly), and (2) TB versus LTBI. The panel consisting of APRIL/TNFSF13, sCD30/TNFRSF8, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-2, sIL-6Rα, IL-8, IL-11, IL-29/IFN-λ1, LIGHT/TNFSF14, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, osteocalcin, osteopontin, TSLP, and TWEAK/TNFSF12 possessed a discriminatory potential for the differentiation between TB and LTBI children. Serum-based host biosignatures carry the potential to aid the diagnosis of childhood M.tb infections. The proposed panels of markers allow distinguishing not only children infected with M.tb from uninfected individuals but also children with active TB from those with latent TB.

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Are only-children difficult team members?

Applied Economics ◽

10.1080/00036846.2021.1923637 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Fanzheng Yang ◽

Weiwei Weng

Keyword(s):

Team Members ◽

Only Children

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Birth Order and Political Orientation in College Women

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1974.34.3c.1045 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1045-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Frank H. Farley ◽

Sonja V. Farley

Keyword(s):

College Women ◽

Birth Order ◽

Family Size ◽

Age Differences ◽

Political Orientation ◽

Only Children

An hypothesis that conservatism is significantly related to birth order was tested using female undergraduates in education and global self-ratings of conservatism-liberalism. Only children, firstborn, and laterborn groups ( ns = 15, 58, and 66) having no significant age differences, and no significant family size differences between the latter two, were compared. Conservatism did not significantly discriminate these groups; no support for the conservatism-birth order hypothesis was found.

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Battered Child Syndrome: Review of 130 Patients With Controls

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.54.1.67 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 67-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brian Lauer ◽

Elsa Ten Broeck ◽

Moses Grossman

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Control Group ◽

Battered Child Syndrome ◽

White Children ◽

Only Children ◽

Battered Child ◽

Physical Injuries ◽

Medical Neglect ◽

Child Syndrome ◽

Ethnic Distribution

The medical and social service records of the 130 battered children under 10 years of age admitted to San Francisco General Hospital during a six-year period, July 1, 1965, to June 30, 1971, were reviewed. Only children with physical injuries were included. A control group was selected from concurrent admissions. The findings showed a steadily rising number of admissions for child abuse. Many of the children suffered from emotional, physical and medical neglect as well as intentional trauma and 44% had been abused previously. Six children died. Sixty-three percent of the battered children were less than 2 years old. Their parents were significantly younger than parents of controls and also much more transient. White children rather than nonwhite children were battered more often than expected when compared to the ethnic distribution of the control group.

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MANAJEMEN SANGGAR SENI TARI TRADISIONAL DINDA BESTARI DI KOTA PALEMBANG

Besaung : Jurnal Seni Desain dan Budaya ◽

10.36982/jsdb.v5i1.1464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nurdin Nurdin

Keyword(s):

Contemporary Dance ◽

Only Children ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Traditional Dance ◽

Data Validity ◽

Using Data ◽

Management Functions ◽

The City ◽

Assess Data Quality ◽

Analyze Data

Dinda Bestari Traditional Dance Studio is a dance studio that teaches traditional dance, dance creation and contemporary dance. The studio also teaches children's dance and opens special classes for children. In this studio, students who are not only children and adolescents, but there are also adults. This research aims to describe the management of Dinda Bestari Traditional Dance Studio, which is domiciled in the City of Palembang, South Sumatra, which implements management functions in all aspects of studio activities including planning , organizing, implementing and controlling. This research applies a qualitative approach. The research subject is myself as the owner, founder and at the same time the manager of this studio. The object of this research is the Dinda Bestari Traditional Dance Studio in Palembang which includes, its background and management system applied. Data collection techniques carried out in three ways, namely participant observe, interview and documentation. In this study using a human instrument that is the researcher himself who acts as an instrument, serves to determine the focus of research, choose informants as sources of data, collect data, assess data quality, analyze data, interpret data, and make conclusions on its findings. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data description and conclusion drawing. The data validity test in this study uses the data triangulation method. The results of this study describe that the Dinda Bestari Traditional Dance Studio uses management functions as (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) acting (Actuating), and (4) controlling (Controlling).

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Dental health of only versus non-only children

BDJ ◽

10.1038/s41415-021-3770-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 231 (11) ◽

pp. 702-702

Author(s):

Sneha Chotaliya

Keyword(s):

Dental Health ◽

Only Children

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Not Good Enough? Exploring Relationships Between Students’ Empathy, Their Attitudes Towards Sustainability, and the Self-Perceived Sustainability of Their Solutions

10.1115/detc2021-71960 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rohan Prabhu ◽

Mohammed Alsager Alzayed ◽

Elizabeth Starkey

Keyword(s):

Design Education ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Sustainable Design ◽

The Self ◽

Empathy Development ◽

Concept Evaluation ◽

Trait Empathy ◽

Evaluation Stage ◽

Future Work

Abstract Empathy plays an important role in designers’ ability to relate to problems faced by others. Several researchers have studied empathy development in engineering design education; however, a majority of this work has focused on teaching designers to empathize with primary users. Little attention in empathy development research is given to empathizing with those affected in a secondary and tertiary capacity. Moreover, little research has investigated the role of students’ empathy in influencing their emphasis on sustainability, especially in the concept evaluation stage. Our aim in this paper is to explore this research gap through an experimental study with engineering students. Specifically, we introduced first-year engineering students at a large public university in the northeastern United States to a short workshop on sustainable design. We compared changes in their trait empathy and attitudes towards sustainability from before to after participating in the workshop. We also compared the relationship between students’ trait empathy, attitudes towards sustainability, and the self-perceived sustainability of their solutions in a design task. From our results, we see that students reported an increase in their beliefs and intentions towards sustainability and a decrease in their personal distress from before to after participating in the workshop. Furthermore, students’ trait empathy correlated negatively with the self-perceived sustainability of their solutions. These findings highlight the need for future work studying the role of empathy in encouraging a sustainable design mindset among designers.

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