Experimental and Analytical Efforts to Characterize Cutting Fluid Mist Formation and Behavior in Machining

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 842-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Michalek ◽  
Wilson W.-S. Hii ◽  
Jichao Sun ◽  
Kenneth L. Gunter ◽  
John W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Mist Formation ◽  
And Behavior

Application of an Imaging System to Study Machining Mist Formation via an Atomization Mechanism

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ju ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
D. J. Michalek ◽  
J. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Aerosol Sampling ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Atomization Mechanism ◽  
Mist Formation ◽  
Rotating Workpiece

Airborne inhalable particulate in the workplace represents a significant health hazard. One of the primary sources of this particulate is mist produced through the application of cutting fluids in machining operations. One of the important mechanisms for the production of cutting fluid mist is the atomization mechanism. In this paper, atomization is studied by applying cutting fluid to a rotating workpiece such as found in turning. An imaging system is presented for the study of the atomization mechanism. The imaging system extends the size measurement range typically achievable with aerosol sampling devices to consider larger particles. Experimental observations from the imaging system reveal that workpiece rotation speed and cutting fluid flow rate have significant effects on the size of the droplets produced by the atomization mechanism. With respect to atomization, the technical literature describes models for fluid interaction with the rotating workpiece and droplet formation via drop and ligament formation modes. Experimental measurements are compared with model predictions. For a range of rotation speeds and fluid application flow rates, the experimental data is seen to compare favorably with the model predictions.

Cutting Fluid Mist Formation in Turning via Atomization: Part 2—Experimental Validation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yue ◽  
K. L. Gunter ◽  
D. J. Michalek ◽  
J. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Mist Formation

Abstract In Part 1 of this paper, models were developed to describe the formation mechanisms and dynamic behavior of cutting fluid mist. This part of the paper focuses on experimentally investigating mist formation during the turning process, and then simulating the dynamic behavior of the mist droplets, including the distribution and the mass concentration. Simulation results are compared to experimental measurements to validate the theoretical models presented in Part 1. It is seen that the model predictions adequately characterize the observed experimental behavior.

Cutting Fluid Mist Formation in Turning via Atomization: Part 1—Model Development

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yue ◽  
K. L. Gunter ◽  
D. J. Michalek ◽  
J. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Atomization Mechanism ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
Mist Formation ◽  
Settling Behavior

Abstract Cutting fluid mist is becoming an increasing concern for manufacturers as additional information is obtained on the health risks that it poses. This two-part paper is focused on investigating cutting fluid mist formation via an atomization mechanism in a turning process. Models will be established to predict the fluid mist mean drop size as well as the drop size distribution. Predictive relationships will also be presented for the settling behavior of the fluid mist and the mass concentration. Part 1 of the paper is devoted to the development of the requisite models to describe the mist creation and settling phenomena. In Part 2 of the paper, the mist formation models will be validated through a series of experiments.

Character and Behavior of Mist Generated by Application of Cutting Fluid to a Rotating Cylindrical Workpiece, Part 2: Experimental Validation

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sun ◽  
C. Ju ◽  
Y. Yue ◽  
K. L. Gunter ◽  
D. J. Michalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Cylindrical Workpiece ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
And Behavior

In Part 1 of this paper a model was developed to describe the formation mechanisms and dynamic behavior of cutting fluid mist. This part of the paper focuses on an experimental investigation of the mist generated by the interaction of the fluid with the rotating cylindrical workpiece during a turning operation and the simulation of the dynamic behavior of the mist droplets, resulting in the prediction of the droplet size distribution and the mass concentration within the machining environment. These simulation results are compared to experimental measurements in order to validate the theoretical model presented in Part 1 of the paper. It is observed that the model predictions accurately characterize the observed experimental behavior.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

TEM evaluation of graded SixGe1-x heterolayers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Mamoru Tomozane ◽  
Ming Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Behavior

There is extensive interest in SiGe for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. SiGe/Si superlattices are also of interest because of their potential for use in infrared detectors and field-effect transistors. The processing required for these materials is quite compatible with existing silicon technology. However, before SiGe can be used extensively for devices, there is a need to understand and then control the origin and behavior of defects in the materials. The present study was aimed at investigating the structural quality of, and the behavior of defects in, graded SiGe layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The structures investigated in this study consisted of Si1-xGex[x=0.16]/Si1-xGex[x= 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.005, 0]/epi-Si/substrate heterolayers grown by CVD. The Si1-xGex layers were isochronally grown [t = 0.4 minutes per layer], with gas-flow rates being adjusted to control composition. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 geometry. These were then analyzed using two-beam bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used, operating at 200 kV.

Formation of defects in implanted hipox-structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1406-1407
Author(s):  
Peter Pegler ◽  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Pressure Oxidation ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Local Oxidation ◽  
Trench Isolation ◽  
And Behavior

High-pressure oxidation of silicon (HIPOX) is one of various techniques used for electrical-isolation of semiconductor-devices on silicon substrates. Other techniques have included local-oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), poly-buffered LOCOS, deep-trench isolation and separation of silicon by implanted oxygen (SIMOX). Reliable use of HIPOX for device-isolation requires an understanding of the behavior of the materials and structures being used and their interactions under different processing conditions. The effect of HIPOX-related stresses in the structures is of interest because structuraldefects, if formed, could electrically degrade devices.This investigation was performed to study the origin and behavior of defects in recessed HIPOX (RHIPOX) structures. The structures were exposed to a boron implant. Samples consisted of (i) RHlPOX'ed strip exposed to a boron implant, (ii) recessed strip prior to HIPOX, but exposed to a boron implant, (iii) test-pad prior to HIPOX, (iv) HIPOX'ed region away from R-HIPOX edge. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the <110> substrate-geometry.

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