Risk and protective factors for secondary traumatic stress and burnout among home visitors

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Individual epidemiological studies have controlled for several confounders of the relationship between PTSD and increased dementia risk, yet particular risk factors underlying this relationship have not been determined. This systematic review protocol aims to identify risk and protective factors of dementia among adults with PTSD.Methods and analysisWe will conduct an electronic search of the databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, The Cochrane Library, Scopus and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global. After screening the studies, quantitative synthesis will be performed, if possible. Otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be performed. We will include randomised controlled trials and other types of research evidence including longitudinal cohort studies. Strength of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations method. Examples of variables that will be extracted are: year of PTSD diagnosis, comorbid conditions, health behaviours, pharmacological treatments and year of mild cognitive impairment or dementia diagnosis. We developed this systematic review protocol according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 statement.Ethics and disseminationThe proposed study will not collect individual-level data and, therefore, does not require ethical approval. Results of this study will provide current evidence on risk and protective factors of dementia in adults with PTSD. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019128553.

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Handling Compassion Fatigue in Complaint and Referral Unit Volunteers: Case Study of Komnas Perempuan

Martabat: Jurnal Perempuan dan Anak ◽

10.21274/martabat.2021.5.2.240-263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 240-263

Author(s):

Hana Berliani Adiningsih ◽

Zainal Abidin

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Compassion Fatigue ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Educational Background ◽

Female Victims ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Victims Of Violence

The spiking exposure of traumatic events faced by workers and volunteers in handling violence against women has the potential to lead to compassion fatigue. This research sought to describe the experience and protective factors of compassion fatigue in Complaint and Referral Unit volunteers who provide services to female victims of violence in Komnas Perempuan. A total of 3 respondents participated in this study through online interview. Thematic analysis is performed to analyze the data. The result suggested that the participants had compassion fatigue symptoms, which included burnout and secondary traumatic stress symptoms. The experience of burnout included physical and emotional exhaustion as well as guilt and helplessness. Whereas secondary traumatic stress was expressed in preoccupation of thoughts about victim’s violence case and projection in personal relationships. Nevertheless, these symptoms had been resolved due to protective factors such as personal characteristics (educational background and self-care) and social support (personal and professional support from the organization). This study added to our knowledge on how to create supportive system for volunters who provide services for victims of violence against women.

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Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress, Depression, and Alcohol Misuse in OEF/OIF Veterans

Military Medicine ◽

10.7205/milmed-d-12-00282 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 178 (2) ◽

pp. 159-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lisa M. James ◽

Emily Van Kampen ◽

Ryan D. Miller ◽

Brian E. Engdahl

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Alcohol Misuse ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Post Traumatic

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Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Graziella Orrù ◽

Francesca Marzetti ◽

Ciro Conversano ◽

Guido Vagheggini ◽

Mario Miccoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Stress Scale

(1) Background: The present study aims to assess the level of professional burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS), and to identify potential risk or protective factors among health care workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.; (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data and mental distress outcomes from 184 HCWs from 1 May 2020, to 15 June 2020, from 45 different countries. The degree of STS, perceived stress and burnout was assessed using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify potential risk and protective factors for STS; (3) Results: 184 HCWs (M = 90; Age mean: 46.45; SD: 11.02) completed the survey. A considerable proportion of HCWs had symptoms of STS (41.3%), emotional exhaustion (56.0%), and depersonalization (48.9%). The prevalence of STS was 47.5% in frontline HCWs while in HCWs working in other units it was 30.3% (p < 0.023); 67.1% for the HCWs exposed to patients’ death and 32.9% for those HCWs which were not exposed to the same condition (p < 0.001). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, and exposure to patients’ death remained as significant predictors in the final model for STS (adjusted R2 = 0.537, p < 0.001); (4) Conclusions: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs facing patients’ physical pain, psychological suffering, and death are more likely to develop STS.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions in Caregivers of Children and Adolescents/Young Adults with Severe Diseases: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Claudia Carmassi ◽

Valerio Dell’Oste ◽

Claudia Foghi ◽

Carlo Antonio Bertelloni ◽

Eugenia Conti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Young Adults ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic

Severe illnesses in children and adolescents/young adults (AYAs) may represent a complex burden for patients and their caregivers, including a wide range of mental disorders, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few events are as potentially traumatizing as having a son or a daughter diagnosed with a severe, life-threatening, or disabling disease. The presence of PTSD symptoms in caregivers may compromise their efficacy as caregivers and negatively affect the child’s well-being. This systematic review aims at outlining potential risk and protective factors for the development of PTSD symptoms in caregivers of children and AYAs affected by severe acute or chronic illnesses. Thirty-one studies on caregivers of children and AYAs affected by severe, acute, or chronic diseases were included. Socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, illness-related distress, psychiatric symptoms, support, and coping styles were found as potential risk/protective factors across studies. It is crucial to consider risk factors affecting caregivers of severely ill young patients, in order to plan focused interventions aimed at preventing an adverse clinical outcome in caregivers and at enhancing caregivers’ coping skills, in order to ultimately improve their quality of life.

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