The Induction Time of Hydrate Formation From a Carbon Dioxide-Methane Gas Mixture

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (24) ◽  
pp. 3029-3035 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammadi ◽  
M. Manteghian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Methane Gas

A Comprehensive Review on CO2/N2 Mixture Injection for Methane Gas Recovery in Hydrate Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeez Gbenga Aregbe ◽  
Ayoola Idris Fadeyi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Oceanic Sediments ◽  
Replacement Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Hydrate Reservoirs

Abstract Clathrate hydrates are non-stoichiometric compounds of water and gas molecules coexisting at relatively low temperatures and high pressures. The gas molecules are trapped in cage-like structures of the water molecules by hydrogen bonds. There are several hydrate deposits in permafrost and oceanic sediments with an enormous amount of energy. The energy content of methane in hydrate reservoirs is considered to be up to 50 times that of conventional petroleum resources, with about 2,500 to 20,000 trillion m3 of methane gas. More than 220 hydrate deposits in permafrost and oceanic sediments have been identified to date. The exploration and production of these deposits to recover the trapped methane gas could overcome the world energy challenges and create a sustainable energy future. Furthermore, global warming is a major issue facing the world at large and it is caused by greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. As a result, researchers and organizations have proposed various methods of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide gas. One of the proposed methods is the geological storage of carbon dioxide in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, oceanic sediments, deep saline aquifers, and depleted hydrate deposits. Studies have shown that there is the possibility of methane gas production and carbon dioxide storage in hydrate reservoirs using the injection of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas mixture. However, the conventional hydrocarbon production methods cannot be used for the hydrate reservoirs due to the nature of these reservoirs. In addition, thermal stimulation and depressurization are not effective methods for methane gas production and carbon sequestration in hydrate-bearing sediments. Therefore, the gas replacement method for methane production and carbon dioxide storage in clathrate hydrate is investigated in this paper. The research studies (experiments, modeling/simulation, and field tests) on CO2/N2 gas mixture injection for the optimization of methane gas recovery in hydrate reservoirs are reviewed. It was discovered that the injection of the gas mixture enhanced the recovery process by replacing methane gas in the small and large cages of the hydrate. Also, the presence of N2 molecules significantly increased fluid injectivity and methane recovery rate. In addition, a significant amount of free water was not released and the hydrate phase was stable during the replacement process. It is an effective method for permanent storage of carbon dioxide in the hydrate layer. However, further research studies on the effects of gas composition, particle size, and gas transport on the replacement process and swapping rate are required.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Decomposition of Methane Hydrate during the Injection of Liquid Carbon Dioxide into a Reservoir Saturated with Methane and Its Hydrate

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Marat K. Khasanov ◽  
Nail G. Musakaev ◽  
Maxim V. Stolpovsky ◽  
Svetlana R. Kildibaeva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
The Third ◽  
Consistent Description ◽  
The Right

The article describes a mathematical model of pumping of heated liquid carbon dioxide into a reservoir of finite extent, the pores of which in the initial state contain methane and methane gas hydrate. This model takes into account the existence in the reservoir of three characteristic regions. We call the first region “near”, the second “intermediate”, and the third “far”. According to the problem statement, the first region contains liquid CO2 and hydrate, the second region is saturated with methane and water, the third contains methane and hydrate. The main features of mathematical models that provide a consistent description of the considered processes are investigated. It was found that at sufficiently high injection pressures and low pressures at the right reservoir boundary, the boundary of carbon dioxide hydrate formation can come up with the boundary of methane gas hydrate decomposition. It is also shown that at sufficiently low values of pressure of injection of carbon dioxide and pressure at the right boundary of the reservoir, the pressure at the boundary of hydrate formation of carbon dioxide drops below the boiling pressure of carbon dioxide. In this case, for a consistent description of the considered processes, it is necessary to correct the mathematical model in order to take into account the boiling of carbon dioxide. Maps of possible solutions have been built, which show in what ranges of parameters one or another mathematical model is consistent.

Analysis of methane production intensity during its displacement from a gas hydrate formation by carbon dioxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
M.K. Khasanov ◽  
G.R. Rafikova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Absolute Permeability ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
State Equations ◽  
Substitution Process ◽  
Gas Hydrate Formation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Hydrate

The theoretical model is considered in the one-dimensional approximations and numerical solutions are obtained for the process of replacing methane with carbon dioxide from a hydrate in a formation saturated with methane and its hydrate when carbon dioxide is injected into the formation. The process is considered under thermobaric conditions corresponding to the stability region of methane gas and carbon dioxide and the region of existence of CO2 in the form of a gaseous phase. The case is considered when the rate of carbon dioxide hydrate formation is limited by diffusion of carbon dioxide through the formed hydrate layer between the gas mixture stream and methane hydrate. It is accepted that the hydration substitution process occurs without the release of water from the hydrate. To describe the mathematical model, the main equations are the mass conservation equations for methane, carbon dioxide and their hydrates, Darcy’s law for filtration, Fick’s law for diffusive mixing of the gas mixture, state equations for the gas phase, Dalton’s law, energy equation, diffusion equation for transport CO2 through the hydration layer at the pore microchannel scale. The dynamics of the mass flow rates of the outgoing carbon dioxide and methane recovered has been investigated. The influence of the diffusion coefficient, the absolute permeability and the length of the formation on the intensity of the methane produced as a result of the gas substitution process is analyzed. Three main stages of the process were identified: displacement of free methane from the reservoir; extraction of free methane obtained as a result of the beginning of hydrate substitution in the formation; complete conversion of methane hydrate to carbon dioxide hydrate and complete extraction of methane from the formation. It is determined how the two main factors relate to each other in terms of the degree of influence on the replacement rate: heat and mass transfer in the reservoir and the kinetics of the replacement process.

The replacement of methane hydrate in the reservoir by injection into the liquid carbon dioxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.F. Shepelkevich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Free Gas ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Hydrate Reservoir ◽  
Piston Displacement ◽  
Hydrate Saturation

The paper deals with the process of injecting liquid carbon dioxide into a hydrate reservoir. It is shown that the process of methane replacement in a hydrate reservoir by injecting liquid carbon dioxide into it can consist of the following steps: piston displacement of free gas from the pores; replacement of methane with liquid carbon dioxide, its dissolution and leaching from the formation; completion of hydrate formation and leaching of the remaining methane gas from the hydrate reservoir. We have presented the distributions of pressure, density, hydrate saturation and temperature at different times.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Tetra-N-Butyl Ammonium Bromide and Cyclopentane on the Methane Hydrate Formation and Dissociation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6518
Author(s):  
Warintip Chanakro ◽  
Chutikan Jaikwang ◽  
Katipot Inkong ◽  
Santi Kulprathipanja ◽  
Pramoch Rangsunvigit
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Methane Recovery ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Methane Uptake ◽  
Better Than

Two widely investigated methane hydrate promoters, tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) and cyclopentane (CP), for methane hydrate formation and dissociation were comparatively investigated in the quiescent reactor at 2.5 °C and 8 MPa. The results indicated that the increase in the mass fraction TBAB decreased the induction time. However, it did not significantly affect the methane uptake. In the presence of CP, the increase in the CP concentration resulted in an increase in the induction time due to the increasing thicknesses of the CP layer in the unstirred reactor. Moreover, the methane uptake was varied proportionally with the CP concentration. The addition of TBAB resulted in a higher methane uptake than that of CP, since the presence of TBAB provided the cavities in the hydrate structure to accommodate the methane gas during the hydrate formation better than that of CP. On the contrary, the presence of CP significantly increased the induction time. Although the methane recovery remained relatively the same regardless of TBAB and CP concentrations, the recovery was higher in the presence of TBAB.

scholarly journals Gas Hydrate Formation Process for Capture of Carbon Dioxide from Fuel Gas Mixture

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (22) ◽  
pp. 11614-11619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Sen Li ◽  
Zhi-Ming Xia ◽  
Zhao-Yang Chen ◽  
Ke-Feng Yan ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate Formation ◽  
Hydrate Formation Process

Prediction of hydrate formation conditions to separate carbon dioxide from fuel gas mixture in the presence of various promoters

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Sayyad Amin ◽  
Behrooz Abbasi Souraki ◽  
Alireza Bahadori ◽  
Saeed Rafiee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Formation Conditions

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Hydrate Nucleation for Methane and Carbon Dioxide

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Thoutam ◽  
Sina Rezaei Gomari ◽  
Faizan Ahmad ◽  
Meez Islam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Critical Radius ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Final Output ◽  
Semi Empirical

Research in the field of hydrate formation requires more focus upon its modelling to enable the researchers to predict and assess the hydrate formation and its characteristics. The main focus of the study was to analyze the deviations induced in various parameters related to hydrate nucleation caused by the choice of different measuring correlations or methods of their sub-components. To serve this purpose under a range of operational conditions, parameters of hydrate nucleation such as rates of nucleation and crystal growth, critical radius of the nucleus, and theoretical induction time for carbon dioxide and methane were considered in this study. From these measurements, we have quantitatively compared the ease of hydrate formation in CO2 and CH4 systems in terms of nucleation while analyzing how various correlations for intermediate parameters were affecting the final output. Values of these parameters were produced under the considered bracket of operational conditions and distributed among six cases using both general and guest-gas specific correlations for gas dissolution and fugacity and their combinations. The isotherms and isobars produced from some of the cases differed from each other considerably. The rate of nucleation in one case showed an exponential deviation with a value over 1 × 1028 at 5 MPa, while the rest showed values as multiples of 106. These deviations explain how sensitive hydrate formation is to processing variables and their respective correlations, highlighting the importance of understanding the applicability of semi-empirical correlations. An attempt was made to define the induction time from a theoretical perspective and derive a relevant equation from the existing models. This equation was validated and analyzed within these six cases from the experimental observations.

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