scholarly journals ‘Failures’ in a failing education system: comparing structural and institutional risk factors to early leaving in England and Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Nicola Savvides ◽  
Sandrina Milhano ◽  
Catarina Mangas ◽  
Carla Freire ◽  
Sara Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Education System ◽  
Institutional Risk

Young Offenders in Custody: Risk and Adjustment

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cesaroni ◽  
Michele Peterson-Badali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Institutional Risk ◽  
The Relationship

This article explored results from a study of 113 incarcerated male youths, who were age 12 to 15 at the time of their indexed offense. Using a widely used, normed measure of psychosocial functioning, the study examined the relationship between preexisting risk factors and/or institutional risk factors and adjustment in custody. Preexisting risk or vulnerability significantly predicted adjustment to custody, as did several risk factors within facilities (worry about victimization, perceiving victimization as likely, and experiencing conflicts with inmates as difficult). Risk factors associated with institutional life appeared to contribute to a young person’s adjustment beyond the risk factors a young person may walk into an institution with. One commonly used measure of institutional functioning, number of custodial rule infractions, did not appear to be a valid indicator of how a youth felt or adjusted to a facility. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Institutional risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong elderly homes: a retrospective cohort study

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualiang Lin ◽  
Sammy Ng ◽  
Shelley Chan ◽  
Wai Man Chan ◽  
Krystal CK Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Institutional Risk

Disquiet Voices Foretelling Hope: Rural Teachers’ Resilience Experiences of Past and Present Chronic Adversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Coetzee ◽  
Liesel Ebersöhn ◽  
Ronel Ferreira ◽  
Melanie Moen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life History ◽  
South African ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Education System ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Chronic Poverty ◽  
System Resource ◽  
Chronic Adversity

South African teachers leave teaching due to factors such as lack of support and adverse working conditions. This study investigated rural teachers’ resilience experiences of teaching in a resource-constrained school. A life history design was used to generate data. The research site was visited six times over 20 months. Fifteen interview–conversations were collected and transcribed. The results indicate that the teachers faced chronic poverty as life-span risks. The teachers listed the unstable education system, resource-constrained teaching environment and chronic adversity as risk factors in their environment. They were also concerned with the illiteracy of parents and demotivated students. Significantly, this study shows how rural teachers fostered hope despite chronic adversity in order to be resilient in their chosen profession.

Elevated level of circulatory sTLT1 induces inflammation through SYK/MEK/ERK signalling in coronary artery disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2283-2299
Author(s):  
Apabrita Ayan Das ◽  
Devasmita Chakravarty ◽  
Debmalya Bhunia ◽  
Surajit Ghosh ◽  
Prakash C. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract The role of inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process is well established and soluble TREM-like transcript 1 (sTLT1) is reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. Yet, no information is available about the involvement of sTLT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Present study was undertaken to determine the pathophysiological significance of sTLT1 in atherosclerosis by employing an observational study on human subjects (n=117) followed by experiments in human macrophages and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− mice. Plasma level of sTLT1 was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in clinical (2342 ± 184 pg/ml) and subclinical cases (1773 ± 118 pg/ml) than healthy controls (461 ± 57 pg/ml). Moreover, statistical analyses further indicated that sTLT1 was not only associated with common risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in both clinical and subclinical groups but also strongly correlated with disease severity. Ex vivo studies on macrophages showed that sTLT1 interacts with Fcɣ receptor I (FcɣRI) to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated downstream MAP kinase signalling cascade to activate nuclear factor-κ B (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB induces secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from macrophage cells that plays pivotal role in governing the persistence of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerotic apoE−/− mice also showed high levels of sTLT1 and TNF-α in nearly occluded aortic stage indicating the contribution of sTLT1 in inflammation. Our results clearly demonstrate that sTLT1 is clinically related to the risk factors of CAD. We also showed that binding of sTLT1 with macrophage membrane receptor, FcɣR1 initiates inflammatory signals in macrophages suggesting its critical role in thrombus development and atherosclerosis.

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