Preliminary evidence for a role for impulsivity in cognitive disinhibition in bulimia nervosa

Abstract PurposeBehavioral treatments (BT) have been credited for improving both subjective wellbeing (SWB) and satisfaction with life (SWL) among those with bulimia nervosa (BN); However, researchers have yet to examine whether the improvements in SWB and SWL during BTs occur prior to or after BN symptom reduction. The current study examines session-by-session change in SWB and SWL and BN symptoms.MethodsThe sample was comprised of 35 patients with BN-spectrum disorders. Participants received 20 sessions of BT and completed weekly pre-session surveys assessing their symptom frequency, SWB, and SWL. Data was analysed using linear mixed effect modelling.ResultsBN symptom reduction during preceding sessions prospectively predicted improvements in SWB and SWL during succeeding sessions. In addition, improvements in SWB and SWL during preceding sessions prospectively predicted reductions in BN symptoms in succeeding sessions.ConclusionThis study provides preliminary evidence of a bidirectional relationship between SWB and SWL and BN symptoms. Future research should test whether incorporating content focused on improving SWB and SWL into BT models could optimize treatment outcomes for BN.Level I, randomized controlled trials

Download Full-text

Building Emotional Intelligence for Student Success: A Pilot Study

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1445-1461

Author(s):

Amee P. Shah ◽

Mary Lou Galantino

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Communication Apprehension ◽

Communication Competence ◽

Emotional Awareness ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Empowerment Model ◽

Dyad Interaction ◽

Relational Management

Purpose Nationwide, upward trends exist in student issues with anxiety, stress, depression, and lowered classroom performance. As emotional awareness and emotional regulation skills are typically not addressed in professional discipline-specific courses, students experience challenges in their academic performance. This pilot research explored the effect of brief targeted classroom practices within an empowerment-based framework on domains of emotional intelligence. Method Twenty-two students in an undergraduate speech-language pathology class received a 13-week, biweekly, 15-min session of empowerment-based worksheet exercises to develop increased self-esteem, emotional awareness and regulation, and communication. Assessments of self-esteem, emotional intelligence, communication competence, and communication apprehension were conducted using validated scales, namely, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale ( Rosenberg, 1965 ), the Quick Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment ( Mohapel, 2015 ), the Self-Perceived Communication Competence Scale ( McCroskey & McCroskey, 2013 ), and the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension ( McCroskey, 1982 ), respectively. Midsemester and semester-end student reflections were collected. Results Paired t tests were significant in self-esteem and emotional quotient, including subdomains of emotional awareness, emotional management, social emotional awareness, and relational management. Significance was noted in communication competence in the subdomains of dyad interaction, stranger interaction, and acquaintance. Students' reflection showed significant improvement in empowerment and self-rated improvements in confidence, communication, connections with peers, and trust with instructor. Conclusion Preliminary evidence demonstrates positive outcomes with integration of intentional classroom exercises to build emotional intelligence (including emotional awareness and regulation), self-esteem, and communication. This empowerment model may assist faculty in developing effective pedagogical strategies to build students' self-resiliency.

Download Full-text

A Pilot Study of Early Storybook Reading With Babies With Hearing Loss

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-17-0305 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

pp. 3397-3412

Author(s):

Michelle I. Brown ◽

David Trembath ◽

Marleen F. Westerveld ◽

Gail T. Gillon

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Single Case ◽

Eye Contact ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Storybook Reading ◽

Book Selection ◽

Turn Taking ◽

Parent Child

Purpose This pilot study explored the effectiveness of an early storybook reading (ESR) intervention for parents with babies with hearing loss (HL) for improving (a) parents' book selection skills, (b) parent–child eye contact, and (c) parent–child turn-taking. Advancing research into ESR, this study examined whether the benefits from an ESR intervention reported for babies without HL were also observed in babies with HL. Method Four mother–baby dyads participated in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design across behaviors. Treatment effects for parents' book selection skills, parent–child eye contact, and parent–child turn-taking were examined using visual analysis and Tau-U analysis. Results Statistically significant increases, with large to very large effect sizes, were observed for all 4 participants for parent–child eye contact and parent–child turn-taking. Limited improvements with ceiling effects were observed for parents' book selection skills. Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of an ESR intervention for babies with HL for promoting parent–child interactions through eye contact and turn-taking.

Download Full-text

Attentional Bias Among Adolescents Who Stutter: Evidence for a Vigilance–Avoidance Effect

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (10) ◽

pp. 3349-3363

Author(s):

Naomi H. Rodgers ◽

Jennifer Y. F. Lau ◽

Patricia M. Zebrowski

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Attentional Bias ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Attentional Disengagement ◽

Social Stimuli ◽

Facial Stimuli ◽

The Social ◽

Attentional Engagement ◽

High Social Anxiety

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine group and individual differences in attentional bias toward and away from socially threatening facial stimuli among adolescents who stutter and age- and sex-matched typically fluent controls. Method Participants included 86 adolescents (43 stuttering, 43 controls) ranging in age from 13 to 19 years. They completed a computerized dot-probe task, which was modified to allow for separate measurement of attentional engagement with and attentional disengagement from facial stimuli (angry, fearful, neutral expressions). Their response time on this task was the dependent variable. Participants also completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and provided a speech sample for analysis of stuttering-like behaviors. Results The adolescents who stutter were more likely to engage quickly with threatening faces than to maintain attention on neutral faces, and they were also more likely to disengage quickly from threatening faces than to maintain attention on those faces. The typically fluent controls did not show any attentional preference for the threatening faces over the neutral faces in either the engagement or disengagement conditions. The two groups demonstrated equivalent levels of social anxiety that were both, on average, very close to the clinical cutoff score for high social anxiety, although degree of social anxiety did not influence performance in either condition. Stuttering severity did not influence performance among the adolescents who stutter. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence for a vigilance–avoidance pattern of attentional allocation to threatening social stimuli among adolescents who stutter.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Real-Time Feedback Using a Smartwatch on the Clinical Behavior of Novice Student Clinicians

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp2.sig11.79 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (11) ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Courtney G. Scott ◽

Trina M. Becker ◽

Kenneth O. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Single Subject ◽

Clinical Behavior ◽

Stimulus Response ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Computer Monitors

The use of computer monitors to provide technology-based written feedback during clinical sessions, referred to as “bug-in-the-eye” (BITi) feedback, recently emerged in the literature with preliminary evidence to support its effectiveness (Carmel, Villatte, Rosenthal, Chalker & Comtois, 2015; Weck et al., 2016). This investigation employed a single-subject, sequential A-B design with two participants to observe the effects of implementing BITi feedback using a smartwatch on the clinical behavior of student clinicians (SCs). Baseline and treatment data on the stimulus-response-consequence (S-R-C) contingency completion rates of SCs were collected using 10 minute segments of recorded therapy sessions. All participants were students enrolled in a clinical practicum experience in a communication disorders and sciences (CDS) program. A celeration line, descriptive statistics, and stability band were used to analyze the data by slope, trend, and variability. Results demonstrated a significant correlative relationship between BITi feedback with a smartwatch and an increase in positive clinical behaviors. Based on qualitative interviews and exit rating scales, SCs reported BITi feedback was noninvasive and minimally distracting. Preliminary evidence suggests BITi feedback with a smartwatch may be an effective tool for providing real-time clinical feedback.

Download Full-text

Neuropsychologische Befunde bei Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917.36.6.377 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 377-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Katharina Bühren ◽

Kristian Holtkamp ◽

Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽

Kerstin Konrad

Keyword(s):

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Psychiatrische Erkrankungen ◽

Kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit ◽

Therapeutische Interventionen

Zusammenfassung: Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa sind häufige psychiatrische Erkrankungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters, die insbesondere Mädchen betreffen. Im Akutzustand der Starvation treten bei Essstörungen eine Vielzahl von hormonellen, neuropsychologischen und hirnmorphologischen Veränderungen auf, von denen einige nur teilweise reversibel sind. Komorbide psychiatrische Erkrankungen verkomplizieren das Krankheitsbild und erschweren adäquate therapeutische Interventionen. Der folgende Artikel setzt sich ausführlich mit den neuropsychologischen Defiziten bei Essstörungen, möglichen Einflussfaktoren auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit und daraus resultierenden Implikationen für den klinischen Alltag auseinander.

Download Full-text

Perception of Autonomy and Connectedness Prior to the Onset of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000150 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 61-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Julia Huemer ◽

Maria Haidvogl ◽

Fritz Mattejat ◽

Gudrun Wagner ◽

Gerald Nobis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Family Environment ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Individual Autonomy ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

Image Test ◽

Restrictive Type

Objective: This study examines retrospective correlates of nonshared family environment prior to onset of disease, by means of multiple familial informants, among anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients. Methods: A total of 332 participants was included (anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-R): n = 41 plus families); bulimic patients (anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type; bulimia nervosa: n = 59 plus families). The EATAET Lifetime Diagnostic Interview was used to establish the diagnosis; the Subjective Family Image Test was used to derive emotional connectedness (EC) and individual autonomy (IA). Results: Bulimic and AN-R patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to their healthy sisters. Bulimic patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to AN-R patients and compared to their mothers and fathers. A low family sum – sister pairs sum comparison – of EC had a significant influence on the risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Contrary to expectations, AN-R patients did not perceive significantly lower levels of IA compared to their sisters, prior to onset of disease. Findings of low IA in currently ill AN-R patients may represent a disease consequence, not a risk factor. Conclusions: Developmental child psychiatrists should direct their attention to disturbances of EC, which may be present prior to the onset of the disease.

Download Full-text

Die Rolle der Ernährungsberatung bei der Behandlung von Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa

Praxis ◽

10.1024/1661-8157/a003349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 108 (14) ◽

pp. 931-936

Author(s):

Sarah Stidwill ◽

Iris Cook-Müller

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Therapeutische Beziehung

Zusammenfassung. Essstörungen wie Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa werden bevorzugt interdisziplinär therapiert. Neben somatischer und psychologischer/psychiatrischer Fachbegleitung stellt die Ernährungsberatung einen wichtigen Pfeiler dar. Die Er- und Bearbeitung verschiedener Themen wie inkorrektes Ernährungswissen, Hunger und Sättigung, Verbote und schlechtes Gewissen sind zentral. Auf den Erfolg wirkt sich die therapeutische Beziehung zur Ernährungsfachperson aus.

Download Full-text

Erfassung dysfunktionaler Kognitionen zum Body Checking

Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1026/1616-3443/a000056 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 251-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Karolin Neubauer ◽

Caroline Bender ◽

Brunna Tuschen-Caffier ◽

Jennifer Svaldi ◽

Jens Blechert

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Body Checking ◽

Deutschsprachige Version

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass körperbezogenes Kontrollverhalten und die zugrunde liegenden Kognitionen eine zentrale Rolle in der Aufrechterhaltung von Essstörungspsychopathologie spielen. Fragestellung: Eine deutschsprachige Version der Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS) soll teststatistisch überprüft werden. Methode: Frauen mit Anorexia Nervosa (n = 19), Bulimia Nervosa (n = 22) und Binge-Eating Störung (n = 28) sowie eine weibliche nicht-klinische Vergleichsgruppe (n = 195) füllten die BCCS sowie weitere Fragebögen zur Essstörungspsychopathologie aus. Ergebnisse: Das 4-Faktorenmodell der englischsprachigen Originalversion zeigte in Faktorenanalysen die beste Passung. Die deutschsprachige BCCS erwies sich als intern konsistent und zeigte eine zufriedenstellende konvergente und diskriminante Validität. Schlussfolgerungen: Die deutschsprachige BCCS ist ein reliabler und valider Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen. Sie stellt ein vielversprechendes Instrument zum Einsatz in der Essstörungstherapie und -forschung dar.

Download Full-text