Preliminary Evidence for the Off-Label Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa With Psychostimulants: Six Case Reports

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Keshen ◽  
Thomas Helson
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Off Label

Examining Impacts of COVID-19-Related Stay-At-Home Orders through a Two-Way Random Effects Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110469
Author(s):  
Anshu Bamney ◽  
Hisham Jashami ◽  
Sarvani Sonduru Pantangi ◽  
Jayson Ambabo ◽  
Megat-Usamah Megat-Johari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Public Health And Safety ◽  
Over Time ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching impacts on public health and safety, economics, and the transportation system. To reduce the spread of this disease, federal and local governments around the world have introduced stay-at-home orders and other restrictions on travel to “non-essential” businesses to implement social distancing. Preliminary evidence suggests substantial variability in the impacts of these orders in the United States, both across states and over time. This study examines this issue using daily county-level vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data for the 48 continental U.S. states and the District of Columbia. A two-way random effects model is estimated to assess changes in VMT from March 1 to June 30, 2020 as compared with baseline January travel levels. The implementation of stay-at-home orders was associated with a 56.4 percent reduction in VMT on average. However, this effect was shown to dissipate over time, which may be attributable to “quarantine fatigue.” In the absence of full shelter-in-place orders, travel was also reduced where restrictions on select businesses were introduced. For example, restrictions on entertainment, indoor dining, and indoor recreational activities corresponded to reductions in VMT of 3 to 4 percent while restrictions on retail and personal care facilities showed 13 percent lower traffic levels. VMT was also shown to vary based on the number of COVID case reports, as well as with respect to other characteristics, including median household income, political leanings, and how rural the county was in nature.

scholarly journals Review of literature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid eating disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Palazzo Nazar ◽  
Camilla Moreira de Sousa Pinna ◽  
Gabriel Coutinho ◽  
Daniel Segenreich ◽  
Monica Duchesne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

OBJECTIVE: According to studies of prevalence, up to 70% of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder have at least one psychiatric comorbidity, which leads to diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties as well as more severe functional impairment. There is a paucity of data on the comorbidity of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder/eating disorders comorbidity, performing a critical analysis of relevant data. METHOD: Articles in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, ISI and PsycINFO databases from 1980 up to 2008, were searched. The references from the articles were used as additional sources of data. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were found: five prevalence studies, four case reports, three case-control studies, one symptom-assessment study of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders, and one article regarding possible causes of the association between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders. These articles suggested that adult women with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are at higher risk of developing eating disorders, especially bulimia nervosa. Bulimia Nervosa rates found in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder groups ranged from 1% to 12%, versus 0% to 2% in control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although there seems to be a relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders, the reduced number of studies available, with various methodologies, and small sample sizes limit the generalization of the findings.

scholarly journals Music Therapy for Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder and/or Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Mayer-Benarous ◽  
Xavier Benarous ◽  
François Vonthron ◽  
David Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Improvisational Music Therapy ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Several studies have reported contradictory results regarding the benefits of music interventions in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods: We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched the Cochrane, PubMed and Medline databases from January 1970 to September 2020 to review all empirical findings, except case reports, measuring the effect of music therapy on youths with ASD, intellectual disability (ID), communication disorder (CD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), specific learning disorder, and attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Results: Thirty-nine studies (N = 1,774 participants) were included in this review (ASD: n = 22; ID: n = 7; CD and dyslexia: n = 5; DCD: n = 0; ADHD: n = 5 studies). Two main music therapies were used: educational music therapy and improvisational music therapy. A positive effect of educational music therapy on patients with ASD was reported in most controlled studies (6/7), particularly in terms of speech production. A positive effect of improvisational music therapy was reported in most controlled studies (6/8), particularly in terms of social functioning. The subgroup of patients with both ASD and ID had a higher response rate. Data are lacking for children with other NDDs, although preliminary evidence appears encouraging for educational music therapy in children with dyslexia.Discussion: Improvisational music therapy in children with NDDs appears relevant for individuals with both ASD and ID. More research should be encouraged to explore whether oral and written language skills may improve after educational music therapy, as preliminary data are encouraging.

Mirtazapine: only for depression?

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis San ◽  
Belen Arranz
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Tension Type Headaches

Background:Mirtazapine is an antidepressant first approved in the Netherlands in 1994 for the treatment of major depressive disorder. However, evidence suggests its effectiveness in a variety of other psychiatric disorders and non-psychiatric medical conditions.Objective:The present paper reviews the published literature on the off-label indications of Mirtazapine.Methods:A search of the relevant literature from MEDLINE, PsycLIT and EMBASE databases, included in the Science Citation Index and available up to March 2006, was conducted using the terms mirtazapine, case-reports, open-label trials and randomized controlled trials. Only articles referring to conditions other than major depression were included in this present review.Results:Off-label use of mirtazapine has been reported in panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, dysthymia, menopausal depression, poststroke depression, depression as a result of infection with human immunodeficiency virus, elderly depression, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced depression, hot flashes, alcohol and other substance use disorders, sleep disorders, sexual disorders, tension-type headaches, cancer pain, fibromyalgia, schizophrenia and other less frequent conditions.Conclusions:So far, data on the off-label usefulness of mirtazapine are limited and mainly based on observations from case reports or open-label studies. However, positive cues suggest that confirmation of these preliminary data with randomized controlled trials may give sufficient evidence to warrant the use of mirtazapine in a broad range of disorders.

Dry needling for scar treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-439
Author(s):  
Evgeni Rozenfeld ◽  
Eleanora Sapoznikov Sebakhutu ◽  
Yuval Krieger ◽  
Leonid Kalichman
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Intervention Protocol

Objective: To review current scientific knowledge as to the efficacy of dry needling of scars on pain and other related symptoms and explore the possible physiological mechanisms of action. Methods: A narrative review of scientific literature published in English. Results: Two randomized controlled trials found that dry needling of scars (using the classic “surrounding the dragon” technique in one study and intradermal needling in a second study) was more effective than sham or control interventions with respect to scar appearance and pain. Two case reports have suggested that scar needling generates a rapid decrease in pain and improvement of mobility in scarred tissues. Another two case reports have reported positive effects of scar needling on the wound healing process. These findings are supported by an animal study examining the effect of needling on the wound healing process and the physiological mechanisms of action underlying the technique. Conclusion: There is preliminary evidence that the “surrounding the dragon” needling technique is a beneficial treatment for patients suffering from scar pain and other scar-related symptoms and can facilitate wound healing and make this process less painful. Further high-quality studies should be conducted to verify/quantify the efficacy of this method, to better understand the underlying mechanisms of action underlying the effects of scar needling and to establish an effective intervention protocol.

Off-Label Therapeutic Potential of Crisaborole

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Makins ◽  
Ravina Sanghera ◽  
Parbeer S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Dermatologic Disease ◽  
Label Use

Crisaborole, a topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, was recently approved in 2016 for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in adults and children greater than 2 years of age. Since that time, several case reports and a small randomized controlled trial have been published regarding the off-label use of crisaborole for the treatment of other inflammatory dermatologic disorders. This paper reviews the current, albeit limited, evidence for off-label use of crisaborole for psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, vitiligo, and inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus. Additional potential therapeutic uses for crisaborole are also postulated, based on its mechanism of action. Future studies are required to elucidate the full therapeutic potential of crisaborole; however, it is a welcome addition to the current nonsteroid topical treatments for inflammatory dermatologic disease.

scholarly journals Platelet Suppression Therapy in Arterial Disease: Present Status

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Blakely
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Prosthetic Valves ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic

Arterial disease is a severe test of clinical trials methodology. Results to date have defined areas for further study, but clinical indications are not established. Dipyridamole reduces emboli from prosthetic heart valves but applicability to less thrombogenic valves is uncertain. Transient cerebral ischemic attacks are physiologically appropriate and there is preliminary evidence of reduced attacks with Sulfinpyrazone, none with Dipyridamole, and favorable case reports with Aspirin. Effects on stroke and death in patients presenting with TIA or stroke are under study. Sulfinpyrazone has failed to prolong patency time after peripheral vascular surgery. Administration of aspirin and of Sulfinpyrazone to elderly populations has shown no detectable benefit from Aspirin, and has suggested that Sulfinpyrazone should be further studied in patients recovered from thrombotic stroke. The greatest potential benefit may be secondary prevention of myocardial infarct, but to date efficacy has neither been demonstrated nor excluded. Studies in progress include: ASA and/or Sulfinpyrazone and TIA, stroke and death in patients with TIA; ASA with and without Dipyridamole in patients with TIA: Sulfinpyrazone and survival after recovery from thrombotic stroke; Secondary prevention of myocardial infarct with ASA, ASA or ASA + Dipyridamole, Sulfinpyrazone, and Clofibrate; Sulfinpyrazone, ASA, and ASA with anticoagulants and emboli from prosthetic valves. Platelet survival studies may permit selection of populations likely to benefit and assessment of adequacy of therapy.Hypotheses tested by clinical trial must be distinguished from hypotheses formulated from retrospective analysis, and methods must permit effects of treatment to be distinguished from differences in risk.

Modafinil-induced psychosis in a patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622093663
Author(s):  
Joshua Flavell
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cognitive Enhancer ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent that is known to be used off-label as a cognitive enhancer and for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).1 There are increasing case reports of Modafinil-induced psychosis; however, this is the first to report a patient with ADHD to develop psychosis from Modafinil use.

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