Discriminating cognitive screening and cognitive testing from neuropsychological assessment: implications for professional practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cady K. Block ◽  
Doug Johnson-Greene ◽  
Neil Pliskin ◽  
Corwin Boake
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Screening

Neuropsychological Assessment of the Aging Physician: A Review & Commentary

2021 ◽  
pp. 089198872110160
Author(s):  
Charles E. Gaudet ◽  
Victor A. Del Bene
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Test Interpretation ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Fitness For Duty

Late-career physicians (LCPs) are at risk for cognitive changes that may affect their ability to practice medicine. This review aggregates and discusses research that has examined cognitive functioning among physicians, typically when clinically referred for various medical and psychological reasons that may interfere with their ability to practice medicine. Special consideration is devoted to the role of approaches for examining cognitive functioning (e.g., cognitive screening, cognitive testing, & neuropsychological assessment), normative challenges, and cultural factors that should be considered when evaluating a physician. Based on published studies, there is evidence supportive of the use of cognitive testing and neuropsychological assessment among physicians in a fitness for duty setting. However, prospective studies designed to identify physicians at-risk (i.e., to prevent medical error) are lacking. Additional research is warranted to establish physician-based normative reference groups and aid in test interpretation and prognostication. Moreover, given limitations associated with cognitive testing in isolation, there is a potential role for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to identify cognitive changes in physicians and provide a supportive pathway to preserve physicians’ ability to practice medicine.

The Impact of Subjective and Objective Hearing Loss on Cognition and Memory in Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rogalski ◽  
Amy Rominger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Professional Collaboration ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Text Passage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Audiologic Evaluation

For this exploratory cross-disciplinary study, a speech-language pathologist and an audiologist collaborated to investigate the effects of objective and subjective hearing loss on cognition and memory in 11 older adults without hearing loss (OAs), 6 older adults with unaided hearing loss (HLOAs), and 16 young adults (YAs). All participants received cognitive testing and a complete audiologic evaluation including a subjective questionnaire about perceived hearing difficulty. Memory testing involved listening to or reading aloud a text passage then verbally recalling the information. Key findings revealed that objective hearing loss and subjective hearing loss were correlated and both were associated with a cognitive screening test. Potential clinical implications are discussed and include a need for more cross-professional collaboration in assessing older adults with hearing loss.

Double Concussions and Cognitive Dysfunction: A Population Study of Young Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Teasdale ◽  
Aase W. Engberg ◽  
Linda G. Holte
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Comparable Sample

Aims: To determine whether double concussions can result in longer-lasting cognitive dysfunctioning than a single concussion and/or whether cognitive dysfunction is a greater risk factor for double concussions than for a single concussion.Method: Through a national hospitalisation database, 2753 men were found who, at ages between infancy and early adulthood, had, on two separate occasions, been briefly hospitalised after a concussion. This cohort was compared with a previously obtained and comparable sample of men who had suffered a single concussion. From Draft Board records a dichotomised index was obtained indicating whether or not they had performed at or above a cut-off total score on a cognitive screening test involving four timed subtests, below cut-off being considered as dysfunctional.Findings: For all age groups, double concussions were associated with higher rates of cognitive dysfunction than single concussions. This was especially true where the concussion(s) had occurred after cognitive testing [odds ratio = 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.92–3.36]. Where double concussions had occurred before cognitive testing but after age 12, cognitive dysfunction was more prevalent when the interval between concussions was less than 1 month than at longer intervals (odds ratio = 3.91, 95%CI = 1.14–13.34). It is concluded that cognitive dysfunction in young men is a risk factor for repeat concussions; at the same time cognitive dysfunction can also be a long-term consequence of two concussions occurring in close temporal proximity.

P1-273: Sociolinguistic reflection on neuropsychological assessment: Insight into a selected culturally adapted battery of lebanese arabic cognitive testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_10) ◽  
pp. P460-P460
Author(s):  
Fadi Abou-Mrad ◽  
Lubna Tarabey ◽  
Edward Zamrini ◽  
Gordon Chelune ◽  
Florence Pasquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Lebanese Arabic ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Computerized Cognitive Testing in Epilepsy (CCTE): A new method for cognitive screening

Seizure ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Kurzbuch ◽  
Elisabeth Pauli ◽  
Laco Gaál ◽  
Frank Kerling ◽  
Burkhard S. Kasper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cognitive Screening

scholarly journals Evidence for Added Value of Baseline Testing in Computer-Based Cognitive Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tresa M. Roebuck-Spencer ◽  
Andrea S. Vincent ◽  
Robert E. Schlegel ◽  
Kirby Gilliland
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Military Service Members ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Potential False Positive

Context: Large-scale baseline cognitive assessment for individuals at risk for concussion is a common part of the protocol for concussion-surveillance programs, particularly in sports. Baseline cognitive testing is also being conducted in US military service members before deployment. Recently, the incremental validity of large-scale baseline cognitive assessment has been questioned. Objective: To examine the added value of baseline cognitive testing in computer-based neuropsychological assessment by comparing 2 methods of classifying atypical performance in a presumed healthy sample. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Military base. Patients or Other Participants: Military service members who took the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Matrix (ANAM) before and after deployment (n = 8002). Main Outcome Measure(s): Rates of atypical performance in this healthy, active-duty sample were determined first by comparing postdeployment scores with a military normative database and then with each individual's personal baseline performance using a reliable change index. Results: Overall rates of atypical performance were comparable across these 2 methods. However, these methods were highly discordant in terms of which individuals were classified as atypical. When norm-referenced methods were used, 2.6% of individuals classified as normal actually demonstrated declines from baseline. Further, 65.7% of individuals classified as atypical using norm-referenced scores showed no change from baseline (ie, potential false-positive findings). Conclusions: Knowing an individual's baseline performance is important for minimizing potential false-positive errors and reducing the risks and stresses of misdiagnosis.

Screening and Assessment for Cognitive Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Gaynor ◽  
James C. Root ◽  
Elizabeth Ryan ◽  
Tim A. Ahles
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Cancer-associated cognitive dysfunction (CACD) is experienced by up to two-thirds of cancer survivors and may persist for decades following completion of treatment. Cognitive dysfunction in survivors may be subtle and may impact performance in or more cognitive domains; therefore, there is a need for objective measures of function that have adequate sensitivity and specificity to detect cognitive decline in this population. This chapter discusses brief cognitive screening measures and their utility in detecting dysfunction, as well as more comprehensive flexible neuropsychological assessment measures and their use in cancer survivors. The chapter provides a review of research examining the sensitivity and specificity of these measures in the detection of CACD, as well as their effect on patient outcomes, and provides recommendations for future research and the use of flexible neuropsychological assessment batteries in the screening and assessment of CACD.

The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): a review

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject

Background and aims: The IQCODE is widely used as a screening test for dementia, particularly where the subject is unable to undergo direct cognitive testing or for screening in populations with low levels of education and literacy. This review draws together research on the psychometric properties and validity of the IQCODE.Method: A systematic search of the literature was carried out using three databases.Results: The review shows that the questionnaire has high reliability and measures a single general factor of cognitive decline. It validly reflects past cognitive decline, performs at least as well at screening as conventional cognitive screening tests, predicts incident dementia, and correlates with a wide range of cognitive tests. A particular strength is that the IQCODE is relatively unaffected by education and pre-morbid ability or by proficiency in the culture's dominant language. The disadvantage of the IQCODE is that it is affected by informant characteristics such as depression and anxiety in the informant and the quality of the relationship between the informant and the subject.Conclusions: Because the IQCODE provides information complementary to brief cognitive tests, harnessing them together can improve screening accuracy.

scholarly journals Predicting outcome in mild cognitive impairment: 4-year follow-up study

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Lonie ◽  
Mario A. Parra-Rodriguez ◽  
Kevin M. Tierney ◽  
Lucie L. Herrmann ◽  
Claire Donaghey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Demographic Indices ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundCognitive impairment precedes the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. It is unclear which psychometric measures predict dementia, and what cut-off points should be used. Replicable cognitive measures to provide information about differential diagnosis and prognosis would be clinically useful.AimsIn a prospective cohort study we investigated which measures distinguish between individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) that converts to dementia and those whose impairment does not, and which combination of measures best predicts the fate of people with aMCI.MethodForty-four participants with aMCI underwent extensive neuropsychological assessment at baseline and annually thereafter for an average of 4 years. Differences in baseline cognitive performance of participants who were converters and non-converters to clinically diagnosed dementia were analysed. Classification accuracy was estimated by sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and using logistic regression.ResultsForty-one percent of participants had progressed to dementia by the end of study, with a mean annual conversion rate of 11%. Most (63%) showed persisting or progressive cognitive impairment, irrespective of diagnosis. The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination together with the discrimination index of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised (but none of the demographic indices) differentiated the participants who were converters from the non-converters at baseline with 74% accuracy.ConclusionsTargeted neuropsychological assessment, beyond simple cognitive screening, could be used in clinical practice to provide individuals with aMCI with prognostic information and aid selective early initiation of monitoring and treatment among those who progress towards a clinically diagnosable dementia.

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