Fungicidal Effect and Oral Acute Toxicity ofPsophocarpus tetragonolobus. Root Extract

Background: The decoction of the roots of Salacia lehmbachi is used in traditional medicine for the treatment different diseases such as malaria pains diabetes and microbial infections.Methods: Phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity tests were carried out on the ethanol root extract of the plant. Anti-nocicetive activity using acetic acid induced writhing and tail immersion method in mice, anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats and xylene induced ear oedema test in mice and antipyretic activity using Brewer’s yeast and D-amphetamine induced pyrexia in rats were determined at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of the root extract.Results: The ethanol root extract contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The oral acute toxicity tests was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. The root extract and the standard drug (Aspirin) significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) decreased the number of writhes caused by acetic acid. The extract and morphine significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) prolonged reaction time in tail immersion model. The extract produced significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) dose dependent inhibition of oedema which was comparable to aspirin in carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The root extract also demonstrated significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) effect in xylene induced mouse ear oedema test compared to dexamethasone. The extract significantly decreased high temperature in both Brewer’s yeast and d-amphetamine induced pyrexia.Conclusions: Findings show that S. lehmbachii may provide a good source of plant compounds with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.

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PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 605-614

Author(s):

Murtala M. Namadina ◽

H. Haruna ◽

U. Sanusi

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stem Bark ◽

The Body ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Root Extract ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Radical Scavenging Ability ◽

Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

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Prediction of Oral Acute Toxicity of Organophosphates Using QSAR Methods

Current Computer - Aided Drug Design ◽

10.2174/1573409916666191227093237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Mina Kianpour ◽

Esmat Mohammadinasab ◽

Tahereh Momeni Esfahani

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Molecular Descriptors ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽

Average Deviation ◽

Qsar Models ◽

Ann Models ◽

Similar Class ◽

New Compounds ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

: The aim of the present study was to develop quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, based on molecular descriptors to predict the oral acute toxicity (LD50) of organophosphate compounds. The QSAR models based on genetic algorithm-multiple linear regression (GA-MLR) and back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) methods were proposed. The prediction experiment showed that the BP-ANN method was a reliable model for screening molecular descriptors, and molecular descriptors obtained by BP-ANN models could well characterize the molecular structure of each compound. It was indicated that among molecular descriptors to predict the LD50 (mgkg-1) of organophosphates, ALOGP2, RDF030u, RDF065p and GATS5m descriptors have more importance than the other descriptors. Also BP-ANN approach with the values of root mean square error (RMSE= 0.00168), square correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9999) and absolute average deviation (AAD=0.6981631) gave the best outcome, and the model predictions were in good agreement with experimental data. The proposed model may be useful for predicting LD50 (mgkg-1) of new compounds of similar class.

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Two Ecdysteroids Isolated from Micropropagated Lychnis flos-cuculi and the Biological Activity of Plant Material

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 904

Author(s):

Michał P. Maliński ◽

Jaromir Budzianowski ◽

Małgorzata Kikowska ◽

Monika Derda ◽

Marcelina M. Jaworska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Plant Material ◽

Present Report ◽

Root Extract ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Comparable Activity ◽

Antiamoebic Activity ◽

Amoebicidal Activity

Genetically uniform plant material, derived from Lychnis flos-cuculi propagated in vitro, was used for the isolation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B and subjected to an evaluation of the antifungal and antiamoebic activity. The activity of 80% aqueous methanolic extracts, their fractions, and isolated ecdysteroids were studied against pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellani. Additionally, a Microtox® acute toxicity assay was performed. It was found that an 80% methanolic fraction of root extract exerts the most potent amoebicidal activity at IC50 of 0.06 mg/mL at the 3rd day of treatment. Both ecdysteroids show comparable activity at IC50 of 0.07 mg/mL. The acute toxicity of 80% fractions at similar concentrations is significantly higher than that of 40% fractions. Crude extracts exhibited moderate antifungal activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range of 1.25–2.5 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first to show the biological activity of L. flos-cuculi in terms of the antifungal and antiamoebic activities and acute toxicity. It is also the first isolation of the main ecdysteroids from L. flos-cuculi micropropagated, ecdysteroid-rich plant material.

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Study on the Safety of Mineral and Synthetic Oil Added Commonly Used Extreme Pressure Additives

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1386 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 430-432 ◽

pp. 1386-1389

Author(s):

Zhuo Jun Chen ◽

Long Long Feng ◽

Bao Liang Li ◽

Jin Jin Yue ◽

Ying Liang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Stimulation Test ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Base Oil ◽

Synthetic Oil ◽

Four Levels ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene (T321), Five Sufides Dialkyl(RC2540) and Star of Phosphorus(P110) as the additives,Neopentyl Polyol Ester(NPE) and mineral oil N32 as base oil. Compound above additives and base oil for the four levels. A sample: adding 4% T321 additive in NPE. B sample: adding 4% T321 additive in N32. C sample: adding 4% RC2540 additive in NPE. D sample: adding RC2540, T321 and P110 additives in NPE (all is mass fraction). The oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests were conducted in above samples. The test results show that. The mineral oil, it’s not only toxic then synthetic oil but also has a poor lubricating ability compare with the same percent additive in synthetic oil. In oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests, Toxic reaction of mineral N32+4%wt Sulphide Isobutene (T321) obviously from other oil samples.

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Oral acute toxicity study as well as tissues oxidative stress and histopathological disorders in edible camphor administered rats

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 99-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Oluwatobi T. Somade ◽

Kafilat D. Adeniji ◽

Abdul-Rahman A. Adesina ◽

Oluremi J. Olurinde

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

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Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of bacterial signaling inhibitor Solanum torvum root extract in Wister rats

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-019-0113-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kayeen Vadakkan

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Root Extract ◽

Solanum Torvum ◽

Bacterial Signaling ◽

Acute Toxicity Study

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Acute Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Enydra fluctuans Lour in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2020/3965376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jobi Xavier ◽

Kshetrimayum Kripasana

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Basal Membrane ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

The Brain ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

The present study was focused on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E. fluctuans in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in the gill, liver, brain, and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant E. fluctuans. Enydra fluctuans Lour is an edible semiaquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant, the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of E. fluctuans were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on the intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of the villi structure and fusion of villi the membrane and detachment of the villi structure from the basal membrane of the intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of the basal epithelial membrane in the gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in the brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of the brain.

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