Black/White disparities in low birth weight pregnancy outcomes: an exploration of differences in health factors within a vulnerable population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shondra Loggins Clay
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Health Factors

scholarly journals Changes in pregnancy outcomes during the COVID-19 lockdown in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ranjbar ◽  
Leila Allahqoli ◽  
Soheila Ahmadi ◽  
Robab Mousavi ◽  
Maryam Gharacheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The Covid-19 pandemic response is influencing maternal and neonatal health care services especially in developing countries. However, the indirect effects of Covid-19 on pregnancy outcomes remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare pregnancy outcomes before and after the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 2,503 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies, admitted to the maternity department of a women’s hospital in Tehran, Iran, during the pre-Covid-19 pandemic (February 19 to April 19, 2019) and the intra-Covid- 19 pandemic (February 19 to April 19, 2020) period. Results We included 2,503 women admitted to the hospital; 1,287 (51.4 %) were admitted before the Covid-19 lockdown and 1,216 (48.6 %) during the Covid-19 lockdown. There were no significant differences in stillbirth rates (p = 0.584) or pregnancy complications (including preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension and gestational diabetes) (p = 0.115) between pregnant women in the pre- and intra-pandemic periods. However, decreases in preterm births (p = 0.001), and low birth weight (p = 0.005) were observed in the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period. No significant difference in the mode of delivery, and no maternal deaths were observed during the two time periods. Conclusions In our study we observed a decrease in preterm births and low birth weight, no change in stillbirths, and a rise in the admission rates of mothers to the ICU during the initial Covid-19 lockdown period compared to pre-Covid-19 lockdown period. Further research will be needed to devise plan for immediate post-pandemic care and future health care crises.

Risks of Selected Fetal Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes at Advance Maternal Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2468-2471
Author(s):  
Saadia Yasmeen ◽  
Sumayya . ◽  
Javeria Saleem ◽  
Jawairiah Liaqat ◽  
Nadia Pervaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background and Aim: Advanced maternal age pregnancy could be referred to as pregnancy after 35 years or older. The prevalence of postponing pregnancies is increasing day by day worldwide. However, limited evidence was found on advanced maternal age pregnancy association with fetal adverse outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of advanced maternal age selected fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes. Place and Duration: Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Alkhidmat Hospital Kohat and Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera for duration of six months from November 2020 to April 2021. Materials and Methods: This single-centered retrospective study was conducted on 220 postpartum women in the study group (≥35 years) and 170 control group postpartum women (20-34 years) who delivered at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Alkhidmat Hospital Kohat and Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera after 28 gestational weeks. Individuals who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and sampled based on randomized control sampling technique for both control and study groups. Data extraction checklist and pretested questionnaire were used for data collection from the maternal charts. Adverse pregnancy outcome and advanced maternal age was correlated adjusted relative risks and strength with a 95% confidence interval. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis and considered p-value >0.05 as a statistical standard. Results: The adverse neonatal outcomes include low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth with a prevalence 38 (17.4%), 46 (20.8%), and 31 (14.2%) respectively in the study group. In the control group, the incidence of low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth was 21 (12.6%), 15 (14.6%) and 6 (3.5%) respectively. The stillbirth (ARR=3.16 95% CI (1.29–6.03) and preterm deliveries (ARR=2.71 95% CI (1.79–3.86) risk had significantly higher prevalence compared to control group advanced age pregnancy. Insignificance association was found between low birth weight and advanced maternal age. Conclusion: Stillbirth and preterm birth was the adverse fetal outcome significantly related with advanced maternal age pregnancy. There was no significant association between low birth weight and advanced maternal age. Keywords: Maternal age, Fetal Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

scholarly journals Mid-arm muscle area and anthropometry predict low birth weight and poor pregnancy outcomes in Tanzanian women with HIV

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Petraro ◽  
Isabel Madzorera ◽  
Christopher P. Duggan ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
Karim Manji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Women With Hiv

scholarly journals Association of malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections with pregnancy outcomes in rural Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Henri Zango ◽  
Moussa Lingani ◽  
Innocent Valea ◽  
Ouindpanga Sekou Samadoulougou ◽  
Biebo Bihoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are severe infections associated with poor pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan countries. These infections are responsible for low birth weight, preterm birth, and miscarriage. In Burkina Faso, many interventions recommended by the World Health Organization were implemented to control the impact of these infections. After decades of intervention, we assessed the impact of these infections on pregnancy outcomes in rural setting of Burkina Faso. Methods Antenatal care and delivery data of pregnant women attending health facilities in 2016 and 2017 were collected in two rural districts namely Nanoro and Yako, in Burkina Faso. Regression models with likelihood ratio test were used to assess the association between infections and pregnancy outcomes. Results During the two years, 31639 pregnant women received antenatal care. Malaria without STI, STI without malaria, and their coinfections were reported for 7359 (23.3%), 881 (2.8 %), and 388 (1.2%) women, respectively. Low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth were observed in 2754 (10.5 %), 547 (2.0 %), and 373 (1.3 %) women, respectively. Our data did not show an association between low birth weight and malaria [Adjusted OR: 0.91 (0.78 – 1.07)], STIs [Adjusted OR: 0.74 (0.51 – 1.07)] and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 1.15 (0.75 – 1.78)]. Low birth weight was strongly associated with primigravidae [Adjusted OR: 3.53 (3.12 – 4.00)]. Both miscarriage and stillbirth were associated with malaria [Adjusted OR: 1.31 (1.07 – 1.59)], curable STI [Adjusted OR: 1.65 (1.06 – 2.59)], and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 2.00 (1.13 – 3.52)]. Conclusion Poor pregnancy outcomes remained frequent in rural Burkina Faso. Malaria, curable STIs, and their coinfections were associated with both miscarriage and stillbirth in rural Burkina. More effort should be done to reduce the proportion of pregnancies lost associated with these curable infections by targeting interventions in primigravidae women.

scholarly journals Effects of anemia on pregnancy outcomes at Manipal Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1201-1205
Author(s):  
Vibha Mahato ◽  
Pravin Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Anemia is one of the most common disorders affecting the pregnant women in the developing countries like Nepal. Anemia during pregnancy is commonly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Identifying anemia in pregnancy and knowing its common complications will help improve maternal quality care. Objectives: The objective - was to  assess the effects of anemia on pregnancy outcome at Manipal Teaching Hospital Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital from September 2019 to April 2020. A total of 200 anemic pregnantladies  attending obstetrics Out Patient Department were selected.Hemoglobinlevel was taken as criteria for deciding anemia and  to classify  severity of anemia.Anemia in pregnancy is defined by World Health Organization as hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl, and hemoglobin concentration of 10–10.9 g/dl, 7–9.9 g/dl, and <7 g/ dl was considered as mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively . All were treated depending on severity of anemia and followed up for maternal and perinatal outcome.Data was collected in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Result: We found moderate anemia in 129 (64.5%) cases followed by mild in 61(30.5%) and severe in 10(5%) cases. Common maternal complications in anemic patients werepremature rupture of membranein 30 (15%) cases and Urinary Tract Infection in 30(15%) cases.During puerperiumPostpartum Hemorrhage was observed in 12(6%) and wound infection in 9 (4.5%) cases of anemic patient. High incidence of adverse fetal outcome in the form of preterm in 39 (19.5%), Intrauterine growth restrictionin 23(11.5%), Intensive Care Unitadmission in28(14%),low birth weight in41(20.5%) and Intrauterine Death in4(2%) cases of anemic patients were seen. Conclusion: Maternal infection and adverse perinatal outcome in form of intrauterine growth restriction, Intensive Care Unitadmission, low birth weight and perinatal death were significantly associated with anemia in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Is routine urine dip stick testing justified in asymptomatic women in early pregnancy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gaughran ◽  
Bethany Chung ◽  
Tom Lyne ◽  
Nuhaat Syedab ◽  
Daniel Fieldb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Asymptomatic Women ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Routine urinalysis is commonly performed in early pregnancy units (EPUs) based on historic evidence that bacteriuria is linked to pyelonephritis, pre-term birth, mid trimester loss and low birth weight. Aim was to assess the cost and diagnostic yield of routine urinalysis in asymptomatic women in early pregnancy. A secondary outcome was the birth outcomes for women with proven bacteriuria.Methods: Retrospective review of all urinalysis performed over 12 month period in a tertiary EPU and analysis of pregnancy outcomes in the proven bacteriuria group.Results: 10,490 urinalyses performed at a cost of £40,385.50. 1162 (11%) positive urine dips; 68 (0.6%) nitrite positive. 179 microscopy, culture and sensitivity performed at a cost of £2593.71. Of the 179, 65 were culture positive giving a proven bacteriuria rate of 0.6%. The most common pathogen was E-Coli. There were no recorded episodes of pyelonephritis and no statistical significance in the pre-term birth, mid trimester loss or low birth weight rate in the culture positive versus culture negative group.Conclusions: The cost associated with routine urinalysis is significant and the diagnostic yield is extremely low. We did not identify an association between bacteriuria and adverse pregnancy outcomes. As such, urinalysis should only be performed in symptomatic/ high risk patients presenting to the EPU.

P0231PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLEMENT GENE VARIANT MEDIATED THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalja Haninger ◽  
Martina Gaggl ◽  
Christof Aigner ◽  
Kain Renate ◽  
Zoltán Prohaszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gene Variant ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Delivery Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Complement Gene

Abstract Background and Aims In pregnancy and the postpartum period, complement gene variant mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (P-cTMA) can be life threatening for the mother and the child. We describe pregnancy and delivery outcomes of pregnancies a) before cTMA manifestation, b) complicated by P-cTMA, and c) after first manifestation of cTMA in such women. Method This study provides an update of patients enrolled in the Vienna TMA Cohort (VTC) as of January 2020. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the electronic and paper-based health care records of our institution and from the Austrian Mother-Child Health Passport. Pregnancy outcomes include live births (full term, moderate to late preterm, very preterm, extremely preterm) or deaths (miscarriage, foetal death, stillbirth, neonatal death). Among delivery outcome we ascertained spontaneous vaginal delivery; Caesarean section, gestational age, birth weight and birth weight categories, birth height, head circumference, Apgar scores, admission to a neonatal intensive care unit, and the presence of malformations. Results We recorded 58 pregnancies (41 live births/21 women, including one set of twins; 4 abortions and 1 stillbirth in 3 women without live births; 1 ongoing pregnancy; successful pregnancies: 40/57=70%) of 25 women (mean age [years] at first pregnancy 28.2±7.4, at cTMA manifestation 33.2±16.5). Currently 6 women have a kidney transplant and 4 have died (each death not related to pregnancy). Detailed pregnancy outcomes are shown in Figure 1. Table 1 indicates delivery outcomes of 41 live births. 6/8 neonates of pregnancies complicated by cTMA were female. Caesarean sections (female: 11/19, 58%; male: 9/24, 38%; p=0.11), preterm deliveries (female: 7/19, 37%; male: 5/24, 21%; p=0.09), and low birth weight (female: 6/19, 32%; male: 3/24, 13%; p=0.02) were more frequent among 43 pooled live births and stillbirths with known sex. Conclusion Overall, pregnancy and delivery outcomes were poor in pregnancies complicated by cTMA as compared to pregnancies before or after cTMA manifestation. The rate of Caesarean section, preterm delivery, and low birth weight was somewhat higher among female as compared to male neonates and stillbirths. Furthermore, neonatal female gender should be explored as risk factor for cTMA manifestation.

scholarly journals Maternal urinary levels of trichloroacetic acid and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funanani Mashau ◽  
Esper Jacobeth Ncube ◽  
Kuku Voyi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract The current study aimed to determine the association between trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes among third-trimester pregnant women who were exposed to chlorinated drinking water. A total of 205 pregnant women who participated in the disinfection by-products exposure and adverse pregnancy outcome study in South Africa were randomly asked to participate in this study by providing their morning urine sample voids. Samples were analysed for urinary creatinine and TCAA. Furthermore, participants gave individual data using a structured questionnaire. The mean (median) concentration of creatinine-adjusted urinary TCAA was 2.34 (1.95) μg/g creatinine. Elevated levels of creatinine-adjusted TCAA concentrations showed an increased risk of premature birth, small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight. There was no significant statistical correlation observed between creatinine-adjusted TCAA concentrations and the total volume of cold water ingested among the study population. No statistically significant association was observed between creatinine-adjusted urinary TCAA and premature birth, SGA and low birth weight newborns among the study subjects. However, the urinary TCAA concentrations identified in this study suggest potential health risks towards women and foetus. Therefore, further studies are warranted to prevent further adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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