Comparison of the field measurements of asphalt concrete densities obtained by ground-penetrating radar, pavement quality indicator and the borehole coring methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ameri ◽  
Mohammad Kashani Novin ◽  
Bahram Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ground Penetrating

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture Content on Calculated Dielectric Properties of Asphalt Concrete Pavements from Ground-Penetrating Radar Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Qingqing Cao ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

Moisture presence in asphalt concrete (AC) pavement is a major cause of damage to the pavement. In recent decades, an increasing need exists for non-destructive detection and monitoring of the moisture content in AC pavement. This paper provides a simulated approach to quantify the effect of internal moisture content on AC pavement dielectric properties using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). A heterogeneous numerical model was developed to simulate AC pavement with internal moisture at various saturation levels. The numerical model was validated using GPR surveys on cold-in-place recycling treated pavements. An empirical formula was derived from the simulation to correlate the dielectric constant with the moisture content for non-dry AC pavement. The results validated the proposed model and, hence, demonstrated the ability of GPR to monitor moisture variation in AC pavements.

Real-Time Monitoring of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Density during Construction using Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory to Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Wang ◽  
Shan Zhao ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Time Density

Accurate real-time density monitoring is crucial in quality control and quality assurance during the asphalt concrete (AC) pavement construction process. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology has shown great potential in the continuous real-time density prediction of AC pavement. However, it is not accepted as a routine method by transportation agencies in the United States due to the lack of validation under field testing conditions. In this study, three field tests were performed using GPR to estimate AC pavement density. The Al-Qadi-Lahouar-Leng model was used to predict the density from GPR signals. The reference scan method was used to remove the effect of surface moisture during construction. The gradient descent-based non-linear optimization method was used to reconstruct the overlapped GPR signals result from the use of thin AC overlay, which has been widely implemented as an AC pavement rehabilitation technique. Digital filtering and other signal processing methods were used to de-noise the signal. GPR results using the proposed methods were compared with field core data and nuclear gauge results. The results show that the proposed methods were effective in estimating in-situ AC pavement density using GPR. Continuous density estimation by installing GPR on the roller is suggested to provide real-time compaction monitoring during the AC pavement construction process.

Experimental Research on Dielectric Constant Model for Asphalt Concrete Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2760-2764
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Yan Hui Zhong ◽  
Hua Xue Liu ◽  
Fu Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
The Real ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
New Models ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Aiming at the problems of the applied technology of ground penetrating radar(GPR), the rationality and applicability of some common existed dielectric constant models to asphalt concrete material are verified and modified based on experiment, and then the new dielectric constant model models suitable for asphalt concrete material are established. The new models are applied to the real project, the results show that the new models can explain the characteristics of asphalt concrete material more accurately, and the calculated error of the compaction of pavement structures based on the modified models is significantly reduced compared to that based on the existed models.

Vertical fracture detection by exploiting the polarization properties of ground‐penetrating radar signals

Geophysics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios P. Tsoflias ◽  
Jean‐Paul Van Gestel ◽  
Paul L. Stoffa ◽  
Donald D. Blankenship ◽  
Mrinal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Domain Modeling ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Vertical Fracture ◽  
Phase Lead ◽  
Time Domain Modeling ◽  
Single Polarization ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Vertically oriented thin fractures are not always detected by conventional single‐polarization reflection profiling ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) techniques. We study the polarization properties of EM wavefields and suggest multipolarization acquisition surveying to detect the location and azimuth of vertically oriented fractures. We employ analytical solutions, 3D finite‐difference time‐domain modeling, and field measurements of multipolarization GPR data to investigate EM wave transmission through fractured geologic formations. For surface‐based multipolarization GPR measurements across vertical fractures, we observe a phase lead when the incident electric‐field component is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the fracture. This observation is consistent for nonmagnetic geologic environments and allows the determination of vertical fracture location and azimuth based on the presence of a phase difference and a phase lead relationship between varying polarization GPR data.

Estimating winter ebullition bubble volume in lake ice using ground-penetrating radar

Geophysics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. H13-H25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Fantello ◽  
Andrew D. Parsekian ◽  
Katey M. Walter Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Electromagnetic Models ◽  
Lake Bottom Sediments ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Gas Volume

Freshwater lakes are an important source of atmospheric methane ([Formula: see text]); however, uncertainties associated with quantifying fluxes limit the accuracy of climate warming projections. Among emission pathways, ebullition (bubbling) is the principal and most challenging to account for given its spatial and temporal patchiness. When lakes freeze, many methane-rich bubbles escaping from lake-bottom sediments are temporarily trapped by downward-growing lake ice. Because bubble position is then seasonally fixed, we postulate that it should be possible to locate bubbles using a geophysical approach sensitive to perturbations in the ice-water interface and ice sheet structure generated by bubbles. We use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to noninvasively quantify the amount of ebullition gas present in lake ice. To do this, an appropriate petrophysical transformation is required that relates radar wave velocity and volumetric gas content. We use laboratory experiments to show that electromagnetic models and volumetric mixing formulas were good representations of the gas volume-permittivity relationship. We found a standard deviation in dielectric permittivity between the models of 0.03, 0.03, and 0.02 for 20%, 50%, and 70% gas content, respectively. Second, by combining two GPR geometries (common and multioffset), we were able to locate bubbles and estimate gas volume with low uncertainty, with [Formula: see text] being the lowest uncertainty found and [Formula: see text] the largest. Finally, we found that GPR reflection patterns were associated with different previously identified ice-bubble classes. These geophysical results coupled with ancillary field measurements and ice-growth models also suggest how GPR can contribute to estimates of seasonal and annual ebullition fluxes over large spatiotemporal scales within and among lakes, thereby helping to reduce uncertainties in upscaled estimates of ecosystem methane emissions.

Non-Destructive Detection of Asphalt Concrete Stripping Damage using Ground Penetrating Radar

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110141
Author(s):  
Ye Ma ◽  
Mostafa A. Elseifi ◽  
Nirmal Dhakal ◽  
Mohammad Z. Bashar ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Difference Time

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive evaluation technique, which has been applied to assess as-built pavement conditions and to evaluate damage and deterioration that develop over time. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology that uses GPR to detect moisture-related stripping damage in asphalt pavements. To achieve this objective, A Finite-Difference Time-Domain based simulation program was used to study the propagation of GPR signals in a stripped pavement. Field test data including GPR scans and visual inspection of cores of 202 pavement sections were used to study the relationship between GPR traces and asphalt concrete (AC) stripping damage. Based on this analysis, a novel GPR-based indicator, known as the accumulating in-layer peaks (AIP), was introduced to detect stripping damage in asphalt pavements. Field data and pavement cores were used to validate the proposed indicator and to evaluate its effectiveness in detecting the presence, extent, and severity of stripping in in-service pavement sections. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the presence of a void in the middle of the AC layer resulted in positive peaks in the reflected waves as indicated by the simulation of GPR signals. In addition, detected intermediate wave peaks between the surface and the interface between the AC and base layers on the GPR traces were associated with stripping damage in the AC layer. The AIP predicted accuracies for stripped and non-stripped sections were 80% and 96%, respectively, indicating its effectiveness in detecting stripping damage in flexible pavements.

Signal Stability and the Height-Correction Method for Ground-Penetrating Radar In Situ Asphalt Concrete Density Prediction

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110045
Author(s):  
Qingqing Cao ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Filter ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Signal Stability ◽  
Density Prediction ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
The Impact

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has shown great potential for asphalt concrete density prediction used in quality control and quality assurance. One challenge of continuous GPR measurements is that the measured dielectric constant could be affected by signal stability and antenna height. This would jeopardize the accuracy of the asphalt concrete density prediction along the pavement. In this study, signal instability and shifting antenna height during continuous real-time GPR measurements were identified as main sources of error. After using a bandpass filter to preprocess the signal, a least-square adaptive filter, using gradient descent and least mean square methods, was developed to reconstruct the received signal to improve its stability. In addition, simulations were performed to evaluate the impact of geometric spreading caused by shifting antenna height during testing. A height correction was developed using a power model to correct the height-change impact. The proposed filter and height-correction method were assessed using static and dynamic tests. The least-square adaptive filter improved signal stability by 50% and the height-correction method removed the effect of shifting antenna height almost entirely.

Conditional stochastic inversion of common-offset GPR reflection data

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
James Irving ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Zhu Peimin ◽  
Klaus Holliger
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Stochastic Inversion ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Inversion Procedure ◽  
Borehole Logs ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Porosity Measurements

We present a stochastic inversion procedure for common-offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection measurements. Stochastic realizations of subsurface properties that offer an acceptable fit to GPR data are generated via simulated annealing optimization. The realizations are conditioned to borehole porosity measurements available along the GPR profile, or equivalent measurements of another petrophysical property that can be related to the dielectric permittivity, as well as to geostatistical parameters derived from the borehole logs and the processed GPR image. Validation of our inversion procedure is performed on a pertinent synthetic data set and indicates that the proposed method is capable of reliably recovering strongly heterogeneous porosity structures associated with surficial alluvial aquifers. This finding is largely corroborated through application of the methodology to field measurements from the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site near Boise, Idaho, USA.

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