Influence of fly ash, ground-granulated blast furnace slag and lime on unconfined compressive strength of black cotton soil

Abstract: Soil stabilization has become the more issue in construction activity. In this study we focus on improvement of soil by using Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). In many villages there was demolition of houses due to flood situation and landslide so stabilization of soil is very important factor in this area. In these studies we use local Fly ash and Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) for stabilization of soil. Soil are generally stabilized to increase their strength and durability or to prevent soil erosion. The properties of soil vary a great deal at different places or in certain cases even at one place the success of soil stabilization depends on soil testing. Various methods are there to stabilize soil and the method should be verified in the lab with the soil material before applying it on the field. The various percentages of Fly ash and GGBS were mixed with soil sample to conduct soil test. Using fly ash reduces the plasticity index which has potential impact on engineering properties also GGBS has cementations property which acts as binding material for the soil. On addition of 15% Fly ash and 5% GGBS increase the strength of soil (according to IS2720:1985) it’s recommended for better result. Keywords: Stabilization of soil, Fly ash, GGBS, Black cotton soil, Soil test.

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Protective Geopolymer Coatings Containing Multi-Componential Precursors: Preparation and Basic Properties Characterization

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13163448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3448

Author(s):

Chenhui Jiang ◽

Aiying Wang ◽

Xufan Bao ◽

Zefeng Chen ◽

Tongyuan Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Adhesive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Setting Time ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

This paper presents an experimental investigation on geopolymer coatings (GPC) in terms of surface protection of civil structures. The GPC mixtures were prepared with a quadruple precursor simultaneously containing fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), metakaolin (MK), and Portland cement (OPC). Setting time, compressive along with adhesive strength and permeability, were tested and interpreted from a perspective of potential applications. The preferred GPC with favorable setting time (not shorter than 120 min) and desirable compressive strength (not lower than 35 MPa) was selected from 85 mixture formulations. The results indicate that balancing strength and setting behavior is viable with the aid of the multi-componential precursor and the mixture design based on total molar ratios of key oxides or chemical elements. Adhesive strength of the optimized GPC mixtures was ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 MPa. The induced charge passed based on a rapid test of coated concrete specimens with the preferred GPC was 30% lower than that of the uncoated ones. Setting time of GPC was positively correlated with η[Si/(Na+Al)]. An abrupt increase of setting time occurred when the molar ratio was greater than 1.1. Compressive strength of GPC was positively affected by mass contents of ground granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin and ordinary Portland cement, and was negatively affected by mass content of fly ash, respectively. Sustained seawater immersion impaired the strength of GPC to a negligible extent. Overall, GPC potentially serves a double purpose of satisfying the usage requirements and achieving a cleaner future.

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Investigation of Mechanical Properties, Durability and Microstructure of Low-Clinker High-Performance Concretes Incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Siliceous Fly Ash and Silica Fume

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 830

Author(s):

Katarzyna Konieczna ◽

Karol Chilmon ◽

Wioletta Jackiewicz-Rek

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

High Performance ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Water Penetration ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Portland Cement Clinker ◽

Furnace Slag

The main assumption of eco-efficient High-Performance Concrete (HPC) design is the reduction of Portland cement clinker content without negatively affecting the composite’s mechanical and durability properties. In this paper, three low-clinker HPC mixtures incorporating slag cement (CEM III/B as per EN 197-1) and Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs)—Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), Siliceous Fly Ash (SFA) and Silica Fume (SF)—were designed. The maximum amount of Portland cement clinker from CEM III/B varied from 64 to 116 kg in 1 m3 of concrete mix. The compressive strength of HPC at 2, 7, 14, 28, 56, 90 days, and 2 years after casting, as well as the modulus of elasticity on 2-year-old specimens, was tested. The depth of water penetration under pressure and internal frost resistance in freeze–thaw tests were evaluated after 56 days of curing. Additionally, the concrete pH value tests were performed. The microstructure of 2-year-old HPC specimens was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The research proved that it is possible to obtain low-clinker High-Performance Concretes that reach compressive strength of 76–92 MPa after 28 days of curing, show high values of modulus of elasticity (49–52 GPa) as well as increased resistance to frost and water penetration under pressure.

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Preparation of Foamed Phosphogypsum Lightweight Materials by Incorporating Cementitious Additives

Materials Science ◽

10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.19910 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 340-347

Author(s):

Ting WANG ◽

Xiaojian GAO ◽

Jian WANG

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Building Materials ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

As a byproduct of phosphoric acid industry, phosphogypsum has many environmental problems. In order to recycle phosphogypsum to manufacture lightweight building materials, cementitious additives including fly ash, ground granulate blast-furnace slag and Portland cement were added to improve strength and water-resistance and different volume of foam was added to reduce the bulk density. The results show that hydrated lime can improve mechanical strength and water resistance of PG paste and the optimal dosage of hydrated lime is 6 %. Higher addition of fly ash or ground granulated blast-furnace slag improves the fluidity and delays the setting time of PG paste. The addition of 10 ~ 20 % fly ash results in a little reducing influence and 10 % ground granulated blast-furnace slag leads to an increase of 20.7 % for 28 days compressive strength of hardened PG specimen. The higher addition of Portland cement results in the better mechanical strength and water resistance of PG specimens. The 28day compressive and flexural strength reaches 25.9 MPa and 8.9 MPa respectively for the 25 % Portland cement mixture. PG based lightweight building materials can prepared by the addition of 60 % volume of air foam, with compressive strength of 1.7 MPa, bulk density of 521.7 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity of 0.0724 W/(m·K). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.19910

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Evolution of Mechanical Properties with Time of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortars under the Effect of Granulated Ground Blast Furnace Slag Addition

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13051135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mateusz Sitarz ◽

Izabela Hager ◽

Marta Choińska

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

Geopolymers are considered to alternatives to Portland cement, providing an opportunity to exploit aluminosilicate wastes or co-products with promising performances in the construction sector. This research is aimed at investigating the strength of fly-ash-geopolymers of different ages. The effect of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement of fly ash (FA) on the tensile (ft) and compressive strength (fc), as well as the modulus of elasticity, is investigated. The main advantage of the developed geopolymer mixes containing GGBFS is their ability to set and harden at room temperature with no need for heating to obtain binding properties, reducing the energy consumption of their production processes. This procedure presents a huge advantage over binders requiring heat curing, constituting a significant energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions. It is found that the development of strength strongly depends on the ratio of fly-ash to granulated blast furnace slag. With the highest amount of GGBFS, the compressive strength of geopolymers made of fly-ash reached 63 MPa after 28 days of curing at ambient temperature. The evolution of compressive strength with time is correlated with the development of ultrasound pulse velocity methods, which are used to evaluate maturity. The modulus of elasticity changes with strength and the relationship obtained for the geopolymer is presented on the basis of typical models used for cement-based materials. The tensile to compressive strength ratios of the tested geopolymers are identified as higher than for cementitious binders, and the ft(fc) relationship is juxtaposed with dependencies known for cement binders, showing that the square root function gives the best fit to the results.

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Physico chemical and thermal resistance properties of fly ash/ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer mortar

Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ◽

10.25303/258rjce110120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 110-120

Author(s):

M. Sivasakthi ◽

R. Jeyalakshmi ◽

N.P. Rajamane ◽

J. Baskarasundararaj

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Linear Thermal Expansion ◽

Magic Angle Spinning ◽

Magic Angle ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

The present study investigated the physicochemical and thermal properties of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) based geopolymer mortars exposed to elevated temperatures under different reaction conditions. The compressive strength results shows that fly ash based geopolymer mortar exhibits retention of compressive strength up to 800⁰C whereas the addition of GGBS increases the ambient temperature compressive strength, however, thereafter the retention of strength is observed as 66% at 400˚C and 30% at 800˚C. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT- IR) and 29Si and 27Al Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectrum confirmed the alumino-silicate network structure of the geopolymer. Thermogravimetry with differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) showed that most of the % weight loss occurred in the temperature range between 30-250ºC due to the water loss after that it was stabilized till 1000⁰C. Thermal conductivity has the direct relationship with the temperature whereas it is vice versa for the % linear thermal expansion. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to identify the morphology changes before and after thermal exposure.

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The development of compressive strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag-palm oil fuel ash-fly ash based geopolymer mortar

Materials & Design (1980-2015) ◽

10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.080 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 833-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Azizul Islam ◽

U. Johnson Alengaram ◽

Mohd Zamin Jumaat ◽

Iftekhair Ibnul Bashar

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Fuel ◽

Furnace Slag

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Performance of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag and Coal Fly Ash Ternary Portland Cements Exposed to Natural Carbonation

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14123239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3239

Author(s):

Rosa Abnelia Rivera ◽

Miguel Ángel Sanjuán ◽

Domingo Alfonso Martín ◽

Jorge Luis Costafreda

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Portland Cements ◽

Carbonation Process ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Natural Carbonation ◽

Furnace Slag

Ternary Portland cements are new cementitious materials that contain different amounts of cement replacements. Ternary Portland cements composed of granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), coal fly ash (CFA), and clinker (K) can afford some environmental advantages by lowering the Portland cement clinker use. Accordingly, this is an opportunity to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Furthermore, GBFS and CFA possess pozzolanic properties and enhance the mechanical strength and durability at later ages. Compressive strength and natural carbonation tests were performed in mortar and concrete. Cement-based materials made with GBFS and/or CFA presented a delay in the compressive strength development. In addition, they exhibited lower carbonation resistance than that of mortar and concrete made with plain Portland cements. Concrete reinforcement remains passive in common conditions; however, it could be corroded if the concrete pore solution pH drops due to the carbonation process. Service life estimation was performed for the ternary cements regarding the carbonation process. This information can be useful to material and civil engineers in designing concretes made with these ternary cements.

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Effect of the Combined Using of Fly Ash and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on Properties of Cementless Alkali-Activated Mortar

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.916 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 287-290 ◽

pp. 916-921

Author(s):

Kyung Taek Koh ◽

Gum Sung Ryu ◽

Si Hwan Kim ◽

Jang Hwa Lee

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Mixture Ratio ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Alkaline Activator ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

This paper examines the effects of the mixture ratio of fly ash/slag, the type of alkaline activators and curing conditions on the workability, compressive strength and microstructure of cementless alkali-activated mortar. The investigation showed that the mixture ratio of fly ash/slag and the type of alkaline activator have significant influence on the workability and strength, whereas the curing temperature has relatively poor effect. An alkali-activated mortar using a binder composed of 50% of fly ash and 50% of granulated blast furnace slag and alkaline activator made of 9M NaOH and sodium silicate in proportion of 1:1 is seen to be able to develop a compressive strength of 65 MPa at age of 28 days even when cured at ambient temperature of 20°C.

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Effect of Polypropylene Fiber, GGBS and Fly Ash over the Strength Aspects of Concrete: A Critical Review

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.35098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VI) ◽

pp. 978-983

Author(s):

Khalid Bashir Mir

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Polypropylene Fiber ◽

Synthetic Fiber ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

In this review study the usage of three different kinds of constructional materials was discussed in detail. The three materials comprised of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, fly and polypropylene fiber. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is basically the slag derived after the quenching process of iron slag produced during the processing of iron in iron industry. Fly ash is the waste generated from the coal processing industries and is mainly used in the road constructions works. Polypropylene fiber is a synthetic fiber that has very high tensile strength and flexural strength. This fiber is also known as synthetic fiber as it is mainly used in the synthetic industry. Depending upon the results of previous studies over the usage of these materials various conclusions has been drawn which are as follows. The results of studies related to the usage of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as partial replacement of cement concluded that the most optimum usage percentage of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as partial replacement of cement was found to be between 20 percent and 30 percent and beyond this limit the strength of concrete was decreasing. The past studies related to the usage of fly ash as partial replacement of cement shoed that the most optimum usage percentage of fly ash was found to be between 15 percent to 20 percent and beyond this percentage the strength parameters of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength starts declining up to a greater extent. The studies related to the usage of polypropylene fiber showed that the usage of this fiber increases the compressive strength of soil and the most optimum results were found between 1.0 percent to 1.5 percent usages of polypropylene fiber. Above this percentage there will be negative effect on the strength aspects and the compressive strength starts declining.

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