Forced migration management and politics of scale: how scale shapes refugee and border security policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Josh Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Politics Of Scale ◽  
Migration Management

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF NATIONAL TASK FORCE IN RESPONDING TO ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-237
Author(s):  
THARISHINI KRISHNAN ◽  
SALMA YUSOF ◽  
HERLIN ANAK AMAN ◽  
KDR SUGENDERAN NAGALAN
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Border Security ◽  
National Task ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Impact

Border security is an essential component of Malaysia’s defence and security policy. During the COVID-19 outbreak, Malaysia’s border security management was tested with the increase of illegal entry into the country. The central argument of this paper is that, whilst Movement Control Order (MCO), or lockdown as it is more commonly known, aims to restrict movement, this limited movement was exploited for illegal entries into the country, leading to the establishment of the National Task Force (NTF), which coordinated various enforcement agencies to safeguard Malaysian territory. On this ground, this paper aims to analyse the role of the NTF in responding to increasing illegal activities amidst the pandemic. The discussion is divided into: (a) identifying illegal entries during the pandemic; (b) the impact of illegal entries to border management in Malaysia; (c) examining the roles of the NTF in responding to the illegal activities; and (d) the impact of the NTF in border security management in Malaysia. As a preliminary study, this paper only uses secondary data collection in addressing the problem statement. Keywords: National task force; COVID-19 pandemic; Illegal activities; Illegal immigrants; Border security managemen

Cultural artefacts and the ‘migration crisis’: Disruptive materialities in works by Navid Kermani and Maxi Obexer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Sabine Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
German Constitution ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Present Focus

Amplified worldwide fragility and growing mobility have contributed to increased forced migration towards Europe. However, Europe’s present focus on border protection has furthered the ‘migrant crisis’ which is very much a crisis of response. News about the ‘migrant crisis’ continues to dominate political discourse in Europe and elsewhere. The discussions typically focus on Europe’s supposed solutions in the form of increased border security, new political agreements, and various forms of humanitarian aid. This article reviews four literary texts about Europe’s responses to forced migration and proposes that the literary treatment of various cultural artefacts employed in these texts critiques Europe’s current restrictionism. Two speeches by Navid Kermani, ‘Towards Europe’ and ‘On the sixty-fifth Anniversary of the Promulgation of the German Constitution’ and two novels by Maxi Obexer, Wenn gefährliche Hunde lachen (‘When dangerous dogs laugh’) and Europas längster Sommer (‘Europe’s longest summer’) make reference to several phenomenal objects and also to gestures. In and of themselves, these cultural artefacts such as beds, blankets, buses, lipsticks, T-shirts, shoes, and even the gestures of kneeling and bowing, may not possess anything disruptive. However, there is an unruly quality about them that puts a spotlight on the precarity of survival migrants who cannot access the European asylum process.

scholarly journals Turkey’s Border Security Policy Against Non-State Actors (2016-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Luerdi Luerdi ◽  
Amri Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
State Actors

This paper aims to explain Turkey's border security policy in dealing with non-state actors in Northern Syria. Turkey's policy was carried out after five years of involvement in the Syrian crisis and one month after a failed coup attempt. This study uses the theory of securitization by Buzan that explains the existence of threat and vulnerability factors faced by the state in anarchic international structures. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with the type of causality analysis. This paper found that threats and vulnerabilities pushed Turkey to launch a series of military operations as border security policies to rid North Syria of ISIS and PKK/PYD/YPG militias to control the adverse effects caused by the presence of non-state actors such as civilian and military casualties, property damage, as well as instability and disintegration. The border security policy confirms the increasingly important role of Turkey in the region while demonstrating Turkey's consistency in pursuing national security interests even outside its territory

scholarly journals An analysis of U.S. Custom and Border Protection’s tripartite Mexico border security policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence M. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Border Patrol ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Border Surveillance

The Custom and Border Protection (CBP) border security policy was explicitly presented by former Acting Commissioner of CBP, David Aguilar, in testimony before the United States Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee (HSGAC) on April 4, 2017 in testimony on the subject of “Fencing Along the Southwest Border.” Important for discussion here are the key components of the DHS/CBP/Border Patrol’s strategy, or sets of policies, laying forth elements of the border walls (including barriers, fences), personnel, and technology in order to hinder, or intercept, undocumented migrants (homo sacer) from entering the United States illegally—all socially constructed. Aguilar notes in his opening remarks “Maintaining a safe and secure environment along the U.S.—Mexico border is critical. A safe and orderly border that is predicated on the strong rule of law deprives criminal organizations, drug cartels, and criminal individuals the opportunity to thrive.” In Aguilar’s testimony, when pressed by Ranking Member Senator Claire McCaskill, he set forth the current needs for CBP/Border Patrol priority of the three elements in the following order: (1) Technology (border surveillance), (2) Personnel (numbers of agents along the border), and, (3) The Border Wall (physical infrastructure: fences, walls, and vehicle barriers). The security apparatus affects dwellers along the Rio Grande and undocumented border crossers, demonstrated here with an analysis of the application of President Trump’s Zero Tolerance policy (April 6–June 20, 2018). The security framework applied in this paper will consist of theoretical approaches assessing border surveillance as a panopticon, the use of Border Patrol agents for apprehending, detaining and removing homo sacer, and the symbolism of the border wall as a spectacle and simulacrum—all understood in the pursuit of USA border security policy.

Technology on the margins: AI and global migration management from a human rights perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
The Right

Experiments with new technologies in migration management are increasing. From Big Data predictions about population movements in the Mediterranean, to Canada's use of automated decision-making in immigration and refugee applications, to artificial-intelligence lie detectors deployed at European borders, States are keen to explore the use of new technologies, yet often fail to take into account profound human rights ramifications and real impacts on human lives. These technologies are largely unregulated, developed and deployed in opaque spaces with little oversight and accountability. This paper examines how technologies used in the management of migration impinge on human rights with little international regulation, arguing that this lack of regulation is deliberate, as States single out the migrant population as a viable testing ground for new technologies. Making migrants more trackable and intelligible justifies the use of more technology and data collection under the guise of national security, or even under tropes of humanitarianism and development. The way that technology operates is a useful lens that highlights State practices, democracy, notions of power, and accountability. Technology is not inherently democratic and human rights impacts are particularly important to consider in humanitarian and forced migration contexts. An international human rights law framework is particularly useful for codifying and recognising potential harms, because technology and its development is inherently global and transnational. More oversight and issue-specific accountability mechanisms are needed to safeguard fundamental rights of migrants such as freedom from discrimination, privacy rights and procedural justice safeguards such as the right to a fair decision-maker and the rights of appeal.

scholarly journals International migration management in the age of artificial intelligence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beduschi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Immigration And Asylum

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionise the way states and international organisations seek to manage international migration. AI is gradually going to be used to perform tasks, including identity checks, border security and control, and analysis of data about visa and asylum applicants. To an extent, this is already a reality in some countries such as Canada, which uses algorithmic decision-making in immigration and asylum determination, and Germany, which has piloted projects using technologies such as face and dialect recognition for decision-making in asylum determination processes. The article’s central hypothesis is that AI technology can affect international migration management in three different dimensions: (1) by deepening the existing asymmetries between states on the international plane; (2) by modernising states’ and international organisations’ traditional practices; and (3) by reinforcing the contemporary calls for more evidence-based migration management and border security. The article examines each of these three hypotheses and reflects on the main challenges of using AI solutions for international migration management. It draws on legal, political and technology-facing academic literature, examining the current trends in technological developments and investigating the consequences that these can have for international migration. Most particularly, the article contributes to the current debate about the future of international migration management, informing policymakers in this area of growing importance and fast development.

Towards a common European border security policy

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vihar Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Border Security

scholarly journals The Discursive Governance of Forced-Migration Management: The Turkish Shift from Reticence to Activism in Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umut Korkut
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Political Ambition ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
Turkish Case ◽  
Migration Regimes

Abstract This article shows how similar humanitarian narratives of states can travel across different geographies in response to refugee crises. Empirically, it follows Turkey's position vis-à-vis the Syrian and Rohingya refugee crises. Considering Turkey's migration management practices, humanitarian activism narrative, and its political ambition to foster domestic and international audiences for this narrative, this article elaborates on how Turkey has become a humanitarian actor responding both to Syrian and the Rohingya crises. In both cases, the Turkish political discourses have been very resonant of each other, despite Syria and Myanmar being in different geographies and proximities to Turkey. The article also shows how Turkish politicians and the civil servants aspired to enhance visibility and credibility of Turkey as a humanitarian actor. Delineating Turkey's humanitarian narrative shows the role of political agency in forging sympathetic domestic and international audiences. Overall, the Turkish case presents how states operate migration regimes at the cusp of discourses and institutions affecting their forced migration management and humanitarian engagements.

A moral economy of suspicion: Love and marriage migration management practices in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie D'Aoust
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Marriage Migration ◽  
Governmental Regulation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
True Love ◽  
The Uk

This article investigates how marriage migration management practices in the United Kingdom (UK) have entered the realm of security policy by relying on a moral political economy of suspicion that notably mobilizes what I call ‘technologies of love.’ The latter refers to conceptions of ‘true love’ and its manifestations that infuse the regulation of belonging through immigration controls. I argue that this economy of suspicion builds on and partakes in a governmental regulation that result in a stratification of rights. After outlining how Western romantic love has a history that cannot be uncoupled from state concerns about race and citizenship, I detail how Didier Fassin’s notion of moral economy of suspicion relates to technologies of love in the governmentality of marriage migration. Finally, I examine recent legislation and policing practices in the UK to illustrate how technologies of love can become part of judgment formation in evaluating possibly suspicious couples, notably European citizens marrying non-European citizens.

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