Cross-linguistic influence in non-native languages: explaining lexical transfer using language production models

AbstractSeveral multilingual language production models assume that language control is instigated by conflict monitoring. In turn, conflict adaptation, a control process which makes it easier to resolve interference if previously a high-interference context was detected, should also occur during multilingual production, as it is triggered by conflict monitoring. Because no evidence has been provided for conflict adaptation in the multilingual production literature, we set out to investigate this process using the n-3 effect. Our study showed that the n-3 effect can be observed during multilingual production, and thus provides evidence for conflict adaptation during multilingual production.

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Triggered codeswitching: A corpus-based evaluation of the original triggering hypothesis and a new alternative

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728905002348 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

MIRJAM BROERSMA ◽

KEES DE BOT

Keyword(s):

Surface Structure ◽

Language Production ◽

Language Choice ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Production Data ◽

Original Form ◽

Data Support ◽

Moroccan Arabic ◽

Production Models

In this article the triggering hypothesis for codeswitching proposed by Michael Clyne is discussed and tested. According to this hypothesis, cognates can facilitate codeswitching of directly preceding or following words. It is argued that the triggering hypothesis in its original form is incompatible with language production models, as it assumes that language choice takes place at the surface structure of utterances, while in bilingual production models language choice takes place along with lemma selection. An adjusted version of the triggering hypothesis is proposed in which triggering takes place during lemma selection and the scope of triggering is extended to basic units in language production. Data from a Dutch–Moroccan Arabic corpus are used for a statistical test of the original and the adjusted triggering theory. The codeswitching patterns found in the data support part of the original triggering hypothesis, but they are best explained by the adjusted triggering theory.

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Excursions

Language in Our Brain ◽

10.7551/mitpress/9780262036924.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Angela D. Friederici ◽

Noam Chomsky

Keyword(s):

Language Production ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

Contextual Knowledge ◽

Language Deficits ◽

Production Models ◽

Core Language ◽

Communicative Gestures ◽

Magnet Resonance

Historically, first production models were built on the basis of language deficits in patients with brain lesions, and later on the basis of speech errors in healthy people. More recently, attempts have been made to apply neuroscientific methods such as functional magnet-resonance imaging and electrocorticography during brain surgery using pictures or perceived words at controlled input to the production system. The available data suggest that language production, apart from brain structures supporting the motor act of speaking, involves Broca’s area in addition to temporal regions. There are a number of important aspects to be considered for communication that are beyond the core language system. These are contextual knowledge, known as pragmatics, as well as communicative hand gestures, which may interact with language during communication. At the neuroscientific level a number of brain regions beyond those involved in language such as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the temporo-parietal junction have been identified to support aspects of social communication. Concerning the interplay between meaningful gestures with language it is interesting to note that BA 44 as the main syntactic processing region remains unaffected by communicative gestures.

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The role of orthography in second-language spoken word production: Evidence from Tibetan Chinese bilinguals

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/1747021819850382 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (11) ◽

pp. 2597-2604 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qingqing Qu ◽

Markus F Damian

Keyword(s):

Language Production ◽

Spoken Word ◽

Word Production ◽

Facilitatory Effect ◽

Native Languages ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Spoken Word Production ◽

Lexical Representations ◽

The Individual

Evidence suggests that spoken language production involves involuntary access to orthographic representations, both in languages with alphabetic and non-alphabetic scripts. An unexplored question is whether the role of orthography varies as a function of the language being native or non-native to the individual. Native (L1) and non-native (L2) languages differ in important aspects, that is, lexical representations in L2 might be less well established, but acquired at least partly via reading, and these unique features of non-native languages may contribute to a fundamental difference in how spelling and sound interact in production. We investigated an orthographic impact on spoken production with Tibetan Chinese bilinguals who named coloured line drawings of objects with Chinese adjective–noun phrases. Colour and object names were orthographically related or unrelated. Even though none of the participants were aware of the orthographic manipulation, orthographic overlap generated a facilitatory effect. In conjunction with earlier findings from native speakers on the identical task, we conclude that orthographic information is activated in spoken word production regardless of whether the response language is native or non-native.

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Bimodal bilingualism

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728907003203 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 43-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

KAREN EMMOREY ◽

HELSA B. BORINSTEIN ◽

ROBIN THOMPSON ◽

TAMAR H. GOLLAN

Keyword(s):

American Sign Language ◽

Language Production ◽

Lexical Selection ◽

Single Word ◽

Linguistic Expression ◽

Semantic Equivalence ◽

Lexical Representations ◽

Production Models ◽

The Matrix ◽

Word Code

Speech–sign or “bimodal” bilingualism is exceptional because distinct modalities allow for simultaneous production of two languages. We investigated the ramifications of this phenomenon for models of language production by eliciting language mixing from eleven hearing native users of American Sign Language (ASL) and English. Instead of switching between languages, bilinguals frequently produced code-blends (simultaneously produced English words and ASL signs). Code-blends resembled co-speech gesture with respect to synchronous vocal–manual timing and semantic equivalence. When ASL was the Matrix Language, no single-word code-blends were observed, suggesting stronger inhibition of English than ASL for these proficient bilinguals. We propose a model that accounts for similarities between co-speech gesture and code-blending and assumes interactions between ASL and English Formulators. The findings constrain language production models by demonstrating the possibility of simultaneously selecting two lexical representations (but not two propositions) for linguistic expression and by suggesting that lexical suppression is computationally more costly than lexical selection.

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Addressing the Problem of Negative Lexical Transfer Errors in Chilean University Students

PROFILE Issues in Teachers Professional Development ◽

10.15446/profile.v20n1.64911 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 25-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul Anthony Dissington

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

University Students ◽

Language Learning ◽

Language Production ◽

First Language ◽

Language Transfer ◽

First Language Transfer ◽

Chilean Spanish ◽

Lexical Errors ◽

Lexical Transfer

Studies of second language learning have revealed a connection between first language transfer and errors in second language production. This paper describes an action research study carried out among Chilean university students studying English as part of their degree programmes. The study focuses on common lexical errors made by Chilean Spanish-speakers due to negative first language transfer and aims to analyse the effects of systematic instruction and practice of this problematic lexis. It is suggested that raising awareness of lexical transfer through focused attention on common transfer errors is valued by students and seems essential for learners to achieve productive mastery.

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Word Blends as Sublexical Substitutions

The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique ◽

10.1017/s0008413100022684 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 127-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ann Stuart Laubstein

Keyword(s):

Language Production ◽

Mental Lexicon ◽

Structural Approach ◽

Metrical Structure ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Complete Part ◽

Production Models

AbstractThe standard structural approach to word blends, such as noise1/sound2 → nound, has been to assume they involve a splicing together of the two words, where part of word2 is used to complete part of word1. The splice position has then been used as the source of mental lexicon generalizations. On the basis of 166 naturally occurring word blends, this article argues for a different approach—a “substitution” approach. The approach allows a comparison of the properties that word blends share with sublexical exchanges, anticipations, perseverations and substitutions; in addition, it accounts for the convergence of these properties. The substitution analysis allows a principled distinction between target and intruder; it predicts metrical structure output, and possible and impossible errors; moreover, the substitution analysis simplifies and constrains language production models.

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Issues in Language Sample Collection and Analysis With Children Using AAC

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac23.2.65 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 65-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gail Van Tatenhove

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Language Production ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Sample Analysis ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Language Sample Analysis ◽

Language Sample

Language sample analysis is considered one of the best methods of evaluating expressive language production in speaking children. However, the practice of language sample collection and analysis is complicated for speech-language pathologists working with children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. This article identifies six issues regarding use of language sample collection and analysis in clinical practice with children who use AAC devices. The purpose of this article is to encourage speech-language pathologists practicing in the area of AAC to utilize language sample collection and analysis as part of ongoing AAC assessment.

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