scholarly journals Child Marriage Laws around the World: Minimum Marriage Age, Legal Exceptions, and Gender Disparities

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Arthur ◽  
Alison Earle ◽  
Amy Raub ◽  
Ilona Vincent ◽  
Efe Atabay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Marriage Laws ◽  
And Gender

Defining Girlhood in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwini Tambe
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
The World ◽  
National Reputation ◽  
Sexual Choices ◽  
Age Of Marriage

At what age do girls gain the maturity to make sexual choices? This question provokes especially vexed debates in India, where early marriage is a widespread practice. India has served as a focal problem site in NGO campaigns and intergovernmental conferences setting age standards for sexual maturity. Over the last century, the country shifted the legal age of marriage from twelve, among the lowest in the world, to eighteen, at the high end of the global spectrum. Ashwini Tambe illuminates the ideas that shaped such shifts: how the concept of adolescence as a sheltered phase led to delaying both marriage and legal adulthood; how the imperative of population control influenced laws on marriage age; and how imperial moral hierarchies between nations provoked defensive postures within India. Tambe's transnational feminist approach to legal history shows how intergovernmental debates influenced Indian laws and how expert discourses in India changed UN terminology about girls. Ultimately, the well-meaning focus on child marriage became tethered less to the well-being of girls themselves and more to parents' interests, population control targets, and the preservation of national reputation.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATICS CULTURE OF CHILD MARRIAGE IN INDRAMAYU IN A LEGAL AND CULTURAL PRESFECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Hazar Kusmayanti ◽  
Dede Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
World Community ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings

The problem of marriage is a very common problem for the world community, especially the people of Indonesia, one of the problems is child marriage. the highest likelihood of child marriage is in Indramayu Regency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the practice of child marriage that occurs in Indramayu, the reasons for child marriage. The method of the approach taken by the author is to use a normative juridical approach. Based on the research findings there are obstacles that cause child marriage culture in Indramayu as follows: There are religious views that allow underage marriages, There are differences in legal perspectives between traditional and contemporary fiqh, aspects of tradition and culture in the local area Modern communication technologies such as mobile phones encourage young marriages. The implication of this research is to socialize Law Number 16 the Year 2019 regarding marriages regarding the marriage age limit up to 18 years for men and women as well as government cooperation with community leaders, religious leaders and the Indonesian Women's Coalition to eradicate child marriage in various regions.

scholarly journals Gender Equality: Challenges toward Efforts to Minimize Child Marriage in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1555-1566
Author(s):  
Sonny Dewi Judiasih ◽  
Nyulistiowati Suryanti ◽  
Sudaryat Sudaryat ◽  
Deviana Yuanitasari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Government ◽  
Age Of Marriage

The practice of child marriage in Indonesia is a serious problem that must be resolved. This is a problem faced in various countries in the world. The SDG's programs include achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls, with a target to achieve the abolition of child marriage by 2030. The research method used is a social-legal approach. The purpose of this study is to find out the government's efforts in overcoming the problem of gender inequality in the age requirements for marriage in Indonesia and the application for dispensation for marriage during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The old Marriage Law stipulates that the age of marriage for men is 19 years and for women 16 years. The government then changed this provision through Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage, in which the marriage age for men and women is the same, which is 19 years. During the Covid-19 pandemic, applications for marriage dispensation in Indonesia indicated a sharp increase. This means that the application for marriage dispensation is unaffected by the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The existence of exceptions through dispensation efforts makes the requirements for the age of marriage can still be deviated, so that gender equality, which is expected to minimize child marriages above, cannot be realized or cannot be carried out as desired.

Racial/ethnic and gender disparities in anger management therapy as a probation condition.

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra A. Bailey ◽  
Betsy E. Galicia ◽  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Melissa Briones ◽  
Sheila Hugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anger Management ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

Determinants, Attitudes and Practices on Child Marriage: Evidences from Rural Rajasthan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez E.P. ◽  
Amit Poonia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
And Gender

Rajasthan State is one of the hotspots of child marriages in India. A large number of children especially girl child get married before attaining the legal age and even before the occurrence of physical maturity. The magnitude of the age-old tradition has decreased in many regions in comparison to the last decade of 20th century. But still the diminishment of the child marriage is not promising and it exists as one of the major social concerns. The very existence of child marriage has multifaceted effects on the individuals who victimized for it. The glaring gender disparity and gender biased issues are also one of the products of early marriages.

Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health among Children and Youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-243
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Fish ◽  
Laura Baams ◽  
Jenifer K. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) young people are coming of age at a time of dynamic social and political changes with regard to LGBTQ rights and visibility around the world. And yet, contemporary cohorts of SGM youth continue to evidence the same degree of compromised mental health demonstrated by SGM youth of past decades. The authors review the current research on SGM youth mental health, with careful attention to the developmental and contextual characteristics that complicate, support, and thwart mental health for SGM young people. Given a large and rapidly growing body of science in this area, the authors strategically review research that reflects the prevalence of these issues in countries around the world but also concentrate on how mental health concerns among SGM children and youth are shaped by experiences with schools, families, and communities. Promising mental health treatment strategies for this population are reviewed. The chapter ends with a focus on understudied areas in the SGM youth mental health literature, which may offer promising solutions to combat SGM population health disparities and promote mental health among SGM young people during adolescence and as they age across the life course.

scholarly journals Queering participatory planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 095624782110193
Author(s):  
Vanesa Castán Broto
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Radical Democracy ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
The World ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
And Gender

All over the world, people suffer violence and discrimination because of their sexual orientation and gender identity. Queer theory has linked the politics of identity and sexuality with radical democracy experiments to decolonize development. Queering participatory planning can improve the wellbeing of vulnerable sectors of the population, while also enhancing their political representation and participation. However, to date, there has been limited engagement with the politics of sexuality and identity in participatory planning. This paper identifies three barriers that prevent the integration of queer concerns. First, queer issues are approached as isolated and distinct, separated from general matters for discussion in participatory processes. Second, heteronormative assumptions have shaped two fields that inform participatory planning practices: development studies and urban planning. Third, concrete, practical problems (from safety concerns to developing shared vocabularies) make it difficult to raise questions of identity and sexuality in public discussions. An engagement with queer thought has potential to renew participatory planning.

scholarly journals Multi-Task Learning Using Task Dependencies for Face Attributes Prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2535
Author(s):  
Di Fan ◽  
Hyunwoo Kim ◽  
Jummo Kim ◽  
Yunhui Liu ◽  
Qiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Video Surveillance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Face Verification ◽  
Task Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Learning Architectures

Face attributes prediction has an increasing amount of applications in human–computer interaction, face verification and video surveillance. Various studies show that dependencies exist in face attributes. Multi-task learning architecture can build a synergy among the correlated tasks by parameter sharing in the shared layers. However, the dependencies between the tasks have been ignored in the task-specific layers of most multi-task learning architectures. Thus, how to further boost the performance of individual tasks by using task dependencies among face attributes is quite challenging. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning using task dependencies architecture for face attributes prediction and evaluate the performance with the tasks of smile and gender prediction. The designed attention modules in task-specific layers of our proposed architecture are used for learning task-dependent disentangled representations. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed network by comparing with the traditional multi-task learning architecture and the state-of-the-art methods on Faces of the world (FotW) and Labeled faces in the wild-a (LFWA) datasets.

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