Florida’s task force approach to combat human trafficking: an analysis of county-level data

AbstractUsing county-level data on COVID-19 mortality and infections, along with county-level information on the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), we examine how the speed of NPI adoption affected COVID-19 mortality in the United States. Our estimates suggest that adopting safer-at-home orders or non-essential business closures 1 day before infections double can curtail the COVID-19 death rate by 1.9%. This finding proves robust to alternative measures of NPI adoption speed, model specifications that control for testing, other NPIs, and mobility and across various samples (national, the Northeast, excluding New York, and excluding the Northeast). We also find that the adoption speed of NPIs is associated with lower infections and is unrelated to non-COVID deaths, suggesting these measures slowed contagion. Finally, NPI adoption speed appears to have been less effective in Republican counties, suggesting that political ideology might have compromised their efficacy.

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Abstract P636: Social Determinants of Stroke Hospitalization and Mortality in the United States

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Randhir Sagar Yadav ◽

Durgesh Chaudhary ◽

Shima Shahjouei ◽

Jiang Li ◽

Vida Abedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Income Inequality ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

The United States ◽

Care Physician ◽

County Level ◽

Medicare Beneficiaries ◽

Level Data ◽

Control And Prevention

Introduction: Stroke hospitalization and mortality are influenced by various social determinants. This ecological study aimed to determine the associations between social determinants and stroke hospitalization and outcome at county-level in the United States. Methods: County-level data were recorded from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as of January 7, 2020. We considered four outcomes: all-age (1) Ischemic and (2) Hemorrhagic stroke Death rates per 100,000 individuals (ID and HD respectively), and (3) Ischemic and (4) Hemorrhagic stroke Hospitalization rate per 1,000 Medicare beneficiaries (IH and HH respectively). Results: Data of 3,225 counties showed IH (12.5 ± 3.4) and ID (22.2 ± 5.1) were more frequent than HH (2.0 ± 0.4) and HD (9.8 ± 2.1). Income inequality as expressed by Gini Index was found to be 44.6% ± 3.6% and unemployment rate was 4.3% ± 1.5%. Only 29.8% of the counties had at least one hospital with neurological services. The uninsured rate was 11.0% ± 4.7% and people living within half a mile of a park was only 18.7% ± 17.6%. Age-adjusted obesity rate was 32.0% ± 4.5%. In regression models, age-adjusted obesity (OR for IH: 1.11; HH: 1.04) and number of hospitals with neurological services (IH: 1.40; HH: 1.50) showed an association with IH and HH. Age-adjusted obesity (ID: 1.16; HD: 1.11), unemployment (ID: 1.21; HD: 1.18) and income inequality (ID: 1.09; HD: 1.11) showed an association with ID and HD. Park access showed inverse associations with all four outcomes. Additionally, population per primary-care physician was associated with HH while number of pharmacy and uninsured rate were associated with ID. All associations and OR had p ≤0.04. Conclusion: Unemployment and income inequality are significantly associated with increased stroke mortality rates.

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Habit Formation in Voting: Evidence from Rainy Elections

American Economic Journal Applied Economics ◽

10.1257/app.20140533 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 160-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Thomas Fujiwara ◽

Kyle Meng ◽

Tom Vogl

Keyword(s):

Voter Turnout ◽

Presidential Elections ◽

Habit Formation ◽

County Level ◽

Level Data ◽

Social Spillovers ◽

Consumption Value

We estimate habit formation in voting—the effect of past on current turnout—by exploiting transitory voting cost shocks. Using county-level data on US presidential elections from 1952–2012, we find that rainfall on current and past election days reduces voter turnout. Our estimates imply that a 1-point decrease in past turnout lowers current turnout by 0.6–1.0 points. Further analyses suggest that habit formation operates by reinforcing the direct consumption value of voting and that our estimates may be amplified by social spillovers. (JEL D72, D83, N42)

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Racial demographics explain the link between racial disparities in traffic stops and county-level racial attitudes

10.31234/osf.io/znhuf ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pierce D. Ekstrom ◽

Joel Michel Le Forestier ◽

Calvin K. Lai

Keyword(s):

Racial Disparities ◽

Racial Attitudes ◽

County Level ◽

White Americans ◽

Traffic Stops ◽

Arrest Rates ◽

Black And White ◽

Level Data ◽

Implicit And Explicit ◽

Racial Demographics

Disparities in the treatment of Black and White Americans in police stops are pernicious and widespread. We examine racial disparities in police traffic stops by leveraging data on traffic stops from hundreds of U.S. counties from the Stanford Open Policing Project and corresponding county-level data on implicit and explicit racial attitudes from the Project Implicit research website. We find that Black-White traffic stop disparities are associated with county-level implicit and explicit racial attitudes and that this association is attributable to racial demographics: counties with a higher proportion of White residents had larger racial disparities in police traffic stops. We also examined racial disparities in several post-stop outcomes (e.g., arrest rates) and found that they were not systematically related to racial attitudes, despite evidence of disparities. These findings indicate that racial disparities in counties’ traffic stops are reliably linked to counties’ racial attitudes and demographic compositions.

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Human Trafficking in North Sulawesi Indonesia

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1055.0982s919 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S9) ◽

pp. 251-253

Keyword(s):

Human Trafficking ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Local Governments ◽

Task Force ◽

Commercial Sex ◽

Commercial Sex Workers ◽

Material Wealth ◽

Debt Bondage ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Origin Region

The aims of this research are to identify the factors that cause human trafficking, to describe the map of origin region and destination of delivery, to analyze the modes used by the traffickers. The method used is the Qualitative Descriptive Method. The results showed that there were seven main factors causing human trafficking in North Sulawesi. Those were lifestyle, lack of knowledge and capacity, potential employability as commercial sex workers, demand of commercial sex workers, youth marriage and limited employment in formal sectors and secullarism. Most of the victims came from Manado City, Minahasa, South Minahasa and North Minahasa Regency. The largest destination areas of the victims were Papua, West Papua, Southeast Sulawesi and Batam (the Province of Riau Islands). The modes used by the perpetrators are persuading victims to work outside the area with high incomes, cheated with debt bondage, offering scholarship programs, adopted as children, fraudulent and abducting. The efforts that need to be done to eliminate human trafficking are changing the lifestyles from consumptive to productive by increasing self-resilience (changing the paradigm of thinking to be realistic and not regarding material wealth as a source of self-esteem or avoiding hedonism) and improving self-capacity through continuous knowledge enhancement. Local governments need to enlighten the publics through various programs/activities such as socialization with emphasis on human trafficking modes, to train of members of the task force on prevention of human traffics, to cooperate and to form partnerships with other institutions and local/regional governments, to build cooperation on the prevention and handling of human traffics with non-government institutions, to break the links of sexual trafficking and other types of unlawful businesses, to prevent young marriages to stimulate job creations, especially in the formal sectors and to increase the roles of parents and education institutions

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