scholarly journals Towards a new science of man rockefeller philanthropy and the renovation of the human sciences in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Bryson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
New Science

Bourdieu’s Unlikely Contribution to the Human Sciences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Levi Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Field Theory ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Do So

Chapter abstract The author of this chapter proposes that we consider Bourdieu’s work neither on its own terms, nor in the terms of the postwar French academic field, but in terms of the general problems that it solved. When we do so, we find that Bourdieu developed lines of thinking that had stalled in Germany and the United States. The former was the field theoretic tradition associated with Gestalt psychology and empirical phenomenology; the second was the habit theoretic tradition associated increasingly with pragmatism. Each had stalled because each seemed, in a way, too successful—everything turned into habit for pragmatist social psychology; field theory also put everything indiscriminately in the field of experience. By focusing on the reciprocal relations of habitus and field, Bourdieu developed these insights in ways that allowed for empirical exploration, and that cut against the French rationalist vocabulary that he inherited.

Key National Factors in the Emergence of Computational Chemistry Firms

1997 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 355-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Mahdi ◽  
Keith Pavitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Computational Chemistry ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
New Science ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Research Institutes

Using information compiled from the Internet, we find that the number of computational chemistry firms in each of the 10 OECD countries (The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France, the Netherlands, Canada, Switzerland, Sweden and Australia) is: (i) strongly correlated with the country's strength in computational chemistry science and with the extent of the national scientific networks; (ii) is weakly correlated with the size of the domestic markets; and (iii) not correlated with the extent of the infrastructure as measured by the number of supercomputers installed. These results show that the emergence of firms based on new science depends heavily on the strength of universities and public research institutes in the underlying sciences. This is particularly true for the leading country — the United States.

How disunity matters to the history of cybernetics in the human sciences in the United States, 1940–80

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-35
Author(s):  
Ronald Kline
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Talcott Parsons ◽  
Herbert Simon ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Cybernetic Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rather than assume a unitary cybernetics, I ask how its disunity mattered to the history of the human sciences in the United States from about 1940 to 1980. I compare the work of four prominent social scientists – Herbert Simon, George Miller, Karl Deutsch, and Talcott Parsons – who created cybernetic models in psychology, economics, political science, and sociology with the work of anthropologist Gregory Bateson, and relate their interpretations of cybernetics to those of such well-known cyberneticians as Norbert Wiener, Warren McCulloch, W. Ross Ashby, and Heinz von Foerster. I argue that viewing cybernetics through the lens of disunity – asking what was at stake in choosing a specific cybernetic model – shows the complexity of the relationship between first-order cybernetics and the postwar human sciences, and helps us rethink the history of second-order cybernetics.

The Social and Political Position Of Woman in Ancient Egypt

PMLA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Blandford Edwards
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Smith College ◽  
New Science ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
James Russell Lowell ◽  
Lecture Tour

When James Russell Lowell, John Greenleaf Whittier, Oliver Wen-Dell Holmes, and two hundred other prominent American Literary and intellectual figures joined efforts to bring Amelia Edwards to the United States for a public lecture tour in 1889-90, they were acknowledging her importance as a writer and educator. The author of novels, short stories, popular histories, and works of travel literature, Edwards had established a second career as an advocate for the new science of Egyptology. As cofounder of and secretary for the Egypt Exploration Fund (EEF) in 1882, Edwards wrote extensively for the Morning Post and the Academy in England and Harper's in the United States. By 1887, she had established a strong working relationship with William Copley Winslow of the Boston Museum and received honorary degrees from Smith College and Columbia College for her literary and scholarly achievements. By the time of her tour, Edwards had succeeded in fostering a new understanding of a culture more ancient and exotic than those of Greece and Rome. Audiences for her lectures in both England and America were thus prepared for her to illuminate the Egyptian past, but listeners to this lecture on the social and political position of women in ancient Egypt may have been somewhat startled to find shadows from that past cast on their own present.

A new science policy in the United States

Minerva ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Science

Changing Measures

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-105
Author(s):  
Eric P. Perramond
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
New Science ◽  
Property Owners

To implement adjudication, the state devised and imposed new metrics and measures. Particular places in New Mexico were fundamental to the state and federal efforts to create a new science of water and a parallel legal treatment to water rights, by creating new ways to measure water for property owners. By moving away from local units to standardized acre-feet of water per year, the use of water at the local level became readable to the state agency responsible for water management. This chapter argues that water metrics were vital to creating a new state level of expertise, creating water experts along the way, as well as a basis for pricing water. These new units for water were critical for the coproduction of water expertise in the state of New Mexico and across the western states of the United States.

Edward George Bowen, 14 January 1911 - 12 August 1991

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New South ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Doctorate Degree ◽  
New Science ◽  
Microwave Radar ◽  
King's College ◽  
South Wales

Edward George Bowen was one of the most dynamic and influential of the wartime generation of British physicists. Having completed his doctorate degree under Professor E. V. Appleton at King’s College, London, he was recruited by Robert Watson-Watt in 1935 and played an important part in the early development of radar in Britain. He went to the United States with the Tizard Mission in 1940 and helped to initiate the tremendous enterprise that marked the evolution of microwave radar as a fighting weapon in World War U. He was invited to join the CSIRO in Australia in 1943 and became the Chief of the Division of Radiophysics in Sydney. There he encouraged the greatest research effort that emerged from the War - the new science of radioastronomy - and brought about the construction of the 210 foot radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Following the initiation of cloud and rain physics by Langmuir and Schaefer in the United States, he mounted a remarkable effort to improve the rainfall in dry Australia which began in 1947 and continued after he retired in 1971. Throughout his Australian career, he remained a devoted Welshman, rejoicing in the name of ‘Taffy’. He had a strong and independent view of his science which occasionally involved conflicting views with others, but this was balanced by an enthusiastic and engaging manner which won him many friends.

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