Determining percentage body fat of male South African jockey apprentices irrespective of hydration status

Background: This study was designed to estimate overweight and obesity in school children by using contrasting definitions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF).Method: The sample size consisted of 1361 learners (n = 678 boys; n = 683 girls) aged 9–13 years who were randomly selected from Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. A cross-sectional and descriptive design was used to measure the children’s anthropometric characteristics. Based on height and weight measurements, the children’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated and used to classify them as underweight, overweight and obese. Percentage body fat was calculated from the sum of two skinfolds (i.e. triceps and subscapular). Age-specific BMI, percentage body fat and sum of skinfolds were examined for the boys and girls.Results: A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in boys and girls when the CDC BMI categories were used. In contrast, the IOTF BMI classifications indicated a strong prevalence of underweight among the children.Conclusion: In contrast to the IOTF index that yielded a greater occurrence of underweight among South African children, the CDC criteria indicated a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight among the same children. Future large-scale surveillance studies are needed to determine the appropriateness of different definitions in order to establish a more reliable indicator for estimating overweight and obesity in South African children.

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Prediction of percentage body fat from anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance in Singaporean and Beijing Chinese

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1046/j.1440-6047.2000.00149.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paul Deurenberg ◽

Mabel Deurenberg-Yap ◽

Jingzhong Wang ◽

Fu Po Lin ◽

Gordon Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Percentage Body Fat

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Hydration status, body composition, and anxiety status in aeronautical military personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study

Military Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40779-021-00327-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alejandra Carretero-Krug ◽

Natalia Úbeda ◽

Carlos Velasco ◽

Juan Medina-Font ◽

Trinidad Trujillo Laguna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Water Balance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Water Intake ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Total Water ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Urine Color ◽

Total Water Intake

Abstract Background An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety. Methods A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. Based on these methods, the criteria of hydration were established. Results Of the total sample, 81% met the hydration criteria (urine color = well hydrated, water balance ≥ 0 ml, and total water intake/weight ≥ 35 ml/kg), and 19% did not meet the hydration criteria (urine color = not sufficiently hydrated or dehydrated, water balance < 0 ml, and total water intake/weight < 35 ml/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score = 4 vs. 3, P = 0.026), weight [(84.7 ± 10.5) vs. (80.5 ± 10.2) kg], body mass index [(26.3 ± 3.1) vs. (25.2 ± 2.8)]kg/m2, body fat [(22.3 ± 5.6) vs. (18.3 ± 6.5)] %, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Using a logistic binary regression model, hydration status was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (P = 0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidities, or medications. Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (r = 0.357, P = 0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (r = − 0.427, P = 0.000), percentage of body fat (r = − 0.405, P = 0.000), and waist/hip ratio (r = − 0.223, P = 0.002). Based on a linear regression model, total water intake/weight was related significantly with percentage of body fat (P = 0.001) and percentage of body water content (P = 0.035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidities, or medications. Conclusions These findings all suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.

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A novel body circumferences-based estimation of percentage body fat

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518000223 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 (6) ◽

pp. 720-725 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yair Lahav ◽

Yoram Epstein ◽

Ron Kedem ◽

Haggai Schermann

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Field Research ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Population Based ◽

Reliable Estimate ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Health Club ◽

Body Circumferences

AbstractAnthropometric measures of body composition are often used for rapid and cost-effective estimation of percentage body fat (%BF) in field research, serial measurements and screening. Our aim was to develop a validated estimate of %BF for the general population, based on simple body circumferences measures. The study cohort consisted of two consecutive samples of health club members, designated as ‘development’ (n 476, 61 % men, 39 % women) and ‘validation’ (n 224, 50 % men, 50 % women) groups. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements as part of their registration to a health club. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan was used as the ‘gold standard’ estimate of %BF. Linear regressions where used to construct the predictive equation (%BFcal). Bland–Altman statistics, Lin concordance coefficients and percentage of subjects falling within 5 % of %BF estimate by DEXA were used to evaluate accuracy and precision of the equation. The variance inflation factor was used to check multicollinearity. Two distinct equations were developed for men and women: %BFcal (men)=10·1−0·239H+0·8A−0·5N; %BFcal (women)=19·2−0·239H+0·8A−0·5N (H, height; A, abdomen; N, neck, all in cm). Bland–Altman differences were randomly distributed and showed no fixed bias. Lin concordance coefficients of %BFcal were 0·89 in men and 0·86 in women. About 79·5 % of %BF predictions in both sexes were within ±5 % of the DEXA value. The Durnin–Womersley skinfolds equation was less accurate in our study group for prediction of %BF than %BFcal. We conclude that %BFcal offers the advantage of obtaining a reliable estimate of %BF from simple measurements that require no sophisticated tools and only a minimal prior training and experience.

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Rehydration with a Caffeinated Beverage during the Nonexercise Periods of 3 Consecutive Days of 2-a-Day Practices

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.14.4.419 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 419-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Kelly A. Fiala ◽

Douglas J. Casa ◽

Melissa W. Roti

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Double Blind ◽

Psychological Measures ◽

Mild Heat ◽

Urine Color ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Time Point

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of rehydration with a caffeinated beverage during non exercise periods on hydration status throughout consecutive practices in the heat. Ten (7 women, 3 men) partially heat-acclimated athletes (age 24 ± ly, body fat 19.2 ± 2%, weight 68.4 ± 4.0 kg, height 170 ± 3 cm) completed 3 successive days of 2-a-day practices (2 h/ practice, 4 h/d) in mild heat (WBGT = 23 °C). The 2 trials (double-blind, random, cross-over design) included; 1) caffeine (CAF) rehydrated with Coca-Cola® and 2) caffeine-free (CF) rehydrated with Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola®. Urine and psychological measures were determined before and after each 2-h practice. A significant difference was found for urine color for the post-AM time point, F = 5.526, P = 0.031. No differences were found among other variables (P > 0.05). In summary, there is little evidence to suggest that the use of beverages containing caffeine during non exercise might hinder hydration status.

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ISH NIA PS 03-08 THE ROLE OF BODY FAT AND FAT DISTRIBUTION IN HYPERTENSION RISK IN URBAN BLACK SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000500664.40180.7b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. e283

Author(s):

Cindy George ◽

Julia Goedecke ◽

Nigel Crowther ◽

Nicole Jaff ◽

Andre Kengne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

African Women ◽

Black South African ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

South African Women

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Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio Are More Highly Correlated to Body Mass Index than to Percentage Body Fat in Young Children

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/j.jada.2009.06.116 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 109 (9) ◽

pp. A38

Author(s):

M. Boylan ◽

D. Feng ◽

M. Chyu ◽

Y. Chin ◽

C. Esperat

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Young Children ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

Highly Correlated

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Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Iron Status of Female Collegiate Swimmers and Divers

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.16.3.281 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 281-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Heidi L. Petersen ◽

C. Ted Peterson ◽

Manju B. Reddy ◽

Kathy B. Hanson ◽

James H. Swain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Iron Status ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Whole Body ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

X Ray

This study determined the effect of training on body composition, dietary intake, and iron status of eumenorrheic female collegiate swimmers (n = 18) and divers (n = 6) preseason and after 16 wk of training. Athletes trained on dryland (resistance, strength, fexibility) 3 d/wk, 1.5 h/d and in-water 6 d/wk, nine, 2-h sessions per week (6400 to 10,000 kJ/d). Body-mass index (kg/m2; P = 0.05), waist and hip circumferences (P ≤ 0.0001), whole body fat mass (P = 0.0002), and percentage body fat (P ≤ 0.0001) decreased, whereas lean mass increased (P = 0.028). Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, we found no change in regional lean mass, but fat decreased at the waist (P = 0.0002), hip (P = 0.0002), and thigh (P = 0.002). Energy intake (10,061 ± 3617 kJ/d) did not change, but dietary quality improved with training, as refected by increased intakes of fber (P = 0.036), iron (P = 0.015), vitamin C (P = 0.029), vitamin B-6 (P = 0.032), and fruit (P = 0.003). Iron status improved as refected by slight increases in hemoglobin (P = 0.046) and hematocrit (P = 0.014) and decreases in serum transferrin receptor (P ≤ 0.0001). Studies are needed to further evaluate body composition and iron status in relation to dietary intake in female swimmers.

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Physical Performance and Anthropometric Characteristics of Male South African University Soccer Players

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0098 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alliance Kubayi ◽

Yvonne Paul ◽

Prescott Mahlangu ◽

Abel Toriola

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Height ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Successful Performance ◽

Physiological Profile ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics ◽

Better Than

Abstract Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide. Despite its global acclaim, scientific studies of soccer have tended to focus on tactics and techniques, thereby neglecting the physical and physiological profile of the players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine physical and anthropometric characteristics of male South African university soccer players. Twenty-seven male soccer players aged 19 to 24 (mean age: 22.1 years; s = 1.5 years) volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that goalkeepers (77.5 ± 9.7 kg) and defenders (68.2 ± 6.5 kg) were the heaviest compared to players in other playing positions. The goalkeepers also had the highest percentage of body fat (11.3 ± 2.3%), in contrast to midfielders who had the lowest body fat content (9.1 ± 0.9%). With regard to flexibility, defenders (45.1 ± 4.9 cm) and midfielders (45.9 ± 5.4 cm) performed better than goalkeepers (37.1 ± 4.3 cm) and strikers (40.1 ± 3.4 cm). Midfielders (57.2 ± 3.1 ml1·kg−1·min1) and defenders (56.1 ± 5.1 ml1·kg−1·min1) had significantly higher values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) than goalkeepers (47.9 ± 0.2 ml−1·kg−1·min−1) and strikers (49.8 ± 6.2 ml−1·kg−1·min−1). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed for all other variables, with the exception of body height, body mass, and VO2max. It was therefore concluded that sports scientists and coaches should tailor conditioning programmes in soccer according to players’ positions in view of the implications for successful performance.

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