Discriminating between the Effects of Valence and Salience in the Implicit Association Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2251-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty P. I. Chang ◽  
Chris J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Target Category ◽  
Attribute Category ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is the most widely used indirect measure of attitudes in social psychology. It has been suggested that artefacts such as salience asymmetries and familiarity can influence performance on the IAT. Chang and Mitchell (2009) proposed that the ease with which IAT stimuli are classified (classification fluency) is the common mechanism underlying both of these factors. In the current study, we investigated the effect of classification fluency on the IAT and trialled a measure—the split IAT—for dissociating between the effects of valence and salience in the IAT. Across six experiments, we examined the relationship between target classification fluency and salience asymmetries in the IAT. In the standard IAT, the more fluently classified target category was, all else being equal, compatible with pleasant attributes over unpleasant attributes. Furthermore, the more fluently classified target category was more easily classified with the more salient attribute category in the split IAT, independent of evaluative associations. This suggests that the more fluently classified category is also the more salient target category.

Implicit collective self-esteem: A comparative analysis of Gelao and Han teenagers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lyu ◽  
Ningjian Liang ◽  
Zhen Guo ◽  
Rogelio Alejo Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Collective Self Esteem ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we examined the differences in implicit collective self- esteem between Gelao and Han teenagers, using the Implicit Association Test. We also explored the relationship between participants' implicit and explicit collective self-esteem with the Implicit Association Test and the Explicit Collective Self-Esteem Scale. Participants were 169 teenagers residing in Gelao regions in China. The results showed that both Gelao and Han participants had an implicit collective self-esteem effect (i.e., tended to associate their own ethnic group with positive words and the other ethnic group with negative words), and this effect was significantly higher among Gelao than among Han participants. Further, scores on the importance-to-identity subscale of the Explicit Collective Self-Esteem scale were significantly higher in the Gelao versus the Han group. The correlation coefficients between implicit and explicit collective self-esteem for both groups were very low. The significance of the study findings is discussed.

Using implicit associations towards fruit consumption to understand fruit consumption behaviour and habit strength relationships

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan de Bruijn ◽  
Mario Keer ◽  
Mark Conner ◽  
Ryan E. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Consumption Habits

An implicit association test (IAT) was used to investigate how habit strength, implicit attitudes and fruit consumption interrelate. Fifty-two participants completed a computerized IAT and provided measures of fruit consumption and related habit strength. Implicit attitudes moderated the habit strength—fruit consumption relationship; stronger relationships were observed when implicit attitudes were more positive. Amongst those with strong fruit habits, more positive associations with fruit were found for those who had recently consumed sufficient fruits compared to those who had not. Findings demonstrate the relevance of implicit positive associations in understanding the relationship between fruit consumption habits and subsequent fruit consumption.

Intentional Faking of the Single Category Implicit Association Test and the Implicit Association Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Stieger ◽  
Anja S. Göritz ◽  
Andreas Hergovich ◽  
Martin Voracek
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Specific Instruction ◽  
Single Attribute ◽  
Attribute Category ◽  
Single Category

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) provides a relative measure of implicit association strengths between target and attribute categories. In contrast, the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC–IAT) measures association strength with a single attribute category. This can be advantageous if a complementary category—as used in the IAT—cannot be composed or is undesired. If the SC–IAT is to be a meaningful supplement to the IAT, it should meet the same requirements. In an online experiment with a large and heterogeneous sample, the fakability of both implicit measures was investigated when measuring anxiety. Both measures were fakable through specific instruction (e.g., “Slow down your reactions”) but unfakable through nonspecific faking instruction even though nonspecific instruction was given immediately before the critical blocks (e.g., “Alter your reaction times”). When comparing the methodological quality of both implicit measures, the SC–IAT had lower internal consistency than the IAT. Moreover, with specific faking instructions, the SC–IAT was possible to fake to a larger extent than the IAT.

scholarly journals LONG-DISTANCE TRUCK DRIVERS COPING STRATEGIES AND HARDINESS: SELF-ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE AND IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Irina Plotka ◽  
Dmitry Igonin ◽  
Jelena Shaplavska ◽  
Daiga Kruzite ◽  
Nina Blumenau
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Methods ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Relationship

The activity efficiency of long-distance truck drivers is determined not only by professional knowledge and skills, but also the psychological features, such as hardiness and coping strategies to cope with stress. The relationship between coping strategies and hardiness measured with implicit methods has not been studied enough. The research aim is to study the relationship of hardiness measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and self-assessment procedures with coping strategies among long-distance truck drivers. Research questions focused on the study of this relationship. Participants: 40 males, long-distance truck drivers, M=29.6, SD=6.9 years. Implicit method: Four experimental procedures of the IAT on the basis of two-categories were developed (IAT1 - Commitment, IAT2 - Control, IAT3 - Challenge, IAT4 - Hardiness). Explicit methods: "Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS-15" (Bartone), Strategic Approach to the Coping Scale (Hobfoll). Positive and negative implicit effects for assessments of Hardiness, Control and Challenge were revealed. The greatest number of negative effects found in Challenge. The regression equation for the dependent variable Hardiness (implicit) contains predictors Control and Commitment, measured by the IAT. There is a difference in the relationship between coping strategies and implicitly and explicitly measured hardiness and its components. 

Assessing Positive Orientation With the Implicit Association Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Costantini ◽  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Francesco Dentale ◽  
Claudio Barbaranelli ◽  
Guido Alessandri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Positive Orientation ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Lexical Study ◽  
Positive Outlook

Abstract. Positive orientation (PO) is a basic predisposition that consists in a positive outlook toward oneself, one’s life, and one’s future, which is associated to many desirable outcomes connected to health and to the general quality of life. We performed a lexical study for identifying a set of markers of PO, developed an Implicit Association Test (the PO-IAT), and investigated its psychometric properties. The PO-IAT proved to be a reliable measure with a clear pattern of convergent validity, both with respect to self-report scales connected to PO and with respect to an indirect measure of self-esteem. A secondary aim of our studies was to validate a new brief adjective scale to assess PO, the POAS. Our results show that both the PO-IAT and the self-reported PO predict the frequency of depressive symptoms and of self-perceived intelligence.

scholarly journals Cash means control

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Yevgen Bogodistov ◽  
Jürgen Moormann
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – to investigate reasons and conditions impacting payment preferences. Design/Method/Approach. In this exploratory study, we apply the Implicit Association Test in order to investigate whether the prejudice of the population of some countries such as Germany preferring cash holds. Findings. Cash payments still play a major role in a number of countries although other payment options, namely card payments, are promoted heavily.  We discover that the type of payment and the level of control are implicitly associated. We manipulate the emotions of fear and joy. The relationship changes when participants experience fear, whereas emotion of joy does not produce statistically significant effects. Practical implications. The results have major implications for the design of payment processes. Originality/Value. Our study helps explain preferences with regard to payment types as well as predict them as a response to scary or joyful events. Research limitations/Future research: Generalizability is limited. Future research can focus on other emotions and types of payment (e.g., NFC).   Paper type – empirical.    

scholarly journals Personalizing the Implicit Association Test Increases Explicit Evaluation of Target Concepts

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Jeffrey J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Total N ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In an effort to remove a presumed confound of extrapersonal associations, Olson and Fazio (2004 ) introduced procedural modifications to attitude versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). We hypothesized that the procedural changes increased the likelihood that participants would explicitly evaluate the target concepts (e.g., rating Black and White faces as liked or disliked). Results of a mega-study covering 58 topics and six additional studies (Total N = 15,667) suggest that: (a) after personalizing, participants are more likely to explicitly evaluate target concepts instead of categorizing them according to the performance rules, (b) this effect appears to account for the personalized IAT’s enhanced correlations with self-report, (c) personalizing does not alter the relationship between the IAT and cultural knowledge, and (d) personalized and original procedures each capture unique attitude variation. These results provide an alternative interpretation of the impact of personalizing the IAT. Additional innovation may determine whether personalizing implicit cognition is viable.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Implicit Association Test and explicit measures of intergroup cognition: Data from the meta-analysis by Kurdi et al. (2018)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedek Kurdi ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explicit Measures

In the present report we provide a brief summary of the relationship between implicit and explicit measures of social cognition based on the meta-analytic database analyzed in more detail with respect to the relationship between measures of social cognition and measures of intergroup behavior by Kurdi et al. (2018). In the present analysis, a statistically significant but small relationship emerged between implicit and parallel explicit measures of attitudes, stereotypes, and identity. The implicit–explicit relationship was characterized by high levels of statistical heterogeneity, thus making moderator analyses necessary. Implicit and explicit measures were more highly correlated with each other in studies (a) of sexual orientation (relative to other target group categories), (b) using the improved scoring algorithm to index IAT performance, (c) conducted using real-world or online samples (relative to general, student, and preselected samples), (d) conducted using foreign samples (relative to U.S. samples), and (e) conducted by authors with higher levels of experience involving the Implicit Association Test. Other variables that, based on theoretical or practical considerations, may have been expected to produce an effect had no impact.

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