Nitrogen addition results in Medicago sativa switching nitrogen sources

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen source applied by fertigation to an enriched soil with organic compost on plant growth, mineral nutrition, and phytochemical contents in two successive harvests in coriander. The treatments were as follows: unfertilized soil, soil enriched with organic compost, and soil enriched with organic compost to which 60 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate and as ammonium sulfate applied by fertigation were added. Ammonium nitrate addition allowed to obtain a high total fresh yield (3.6 kg m−2) with a low inorganic nitrogen input. Ammonium nitrate increased plant shoot dry weight; fresh yield; and shoot N, K, and Ca uptake in the first harvest. Ammonium nitrate relative to organic compost and to ammonium sulfate increased fresh yield by approximately 57 and 25%, respectively. However, ammonium sulfate in the first harvest greatly increased shoot total phenols, from 137 mgGAE/100 g FW in ammonium nitrate to 280.4 mgGAE/100 g FW. Coriander’s fresh yield, in the second harvest, was unaffected by nitrogen addition. However, ammonium nitrate increased shoot total phenols and FRAP activity. Overall, the shoot phytochemical accumulation in the second harvest was lower than in the first. The combined application of ammonium nitrate and organic compost is a strategy to reduce inorganic nitrogen application.

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Responses to dissolved organic nitrogen compounds by recently isolated freshwater microalgae species

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5713 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine E. Bayliss ◽

Penny Johnes ◽

Richard P. Evershed ◽

Patricia Sanchez-Baracaldo ◽

Stephen C. Maberly

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Nitrogen Addition ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Freshwater Microalgae ◽

Nitrogen Inputs

Freshwater microalgae isolates from a UK headwater catchment (collected in 2017) were tested for their growth and media nitrogen speciation changes when presented with low molecular weight dissolved organic nitrogen compounds. The location has input from livestock run off increasing organic matter in stream. Experimental treatments and initial isolation took place in controlled culture cabinets kept at 15&#176;C, with a 16:8 light:dark cycle and light c.a. 50 &#181;mol m-2 s-1. Treatments included separately presented urea and glutamate, alongside negative (no N or P sources) and positive controls (nitrate or ammonium). Nitrogen addition treatments were provided with the same phosphorus source, trace minerals, trace metals and took place for two weeks. Different species isolated from the location showed optimal growth on different organic nitrogen sources. Organic nitrogen compounds caused growth at least comparable to inorganic sources. Cell growth was best on dissolved organic nitrogen compounds for some species. This relatively quick cycling of organic nitrogen compounds in river systems to photosynthetic growth has implications for ecosystem heath and capacity to mitigate organic nitrogen inputs. Anthropogenic activity that increases organic nitrogen may favour certain species compositions, altering downstream ecosystem functions such as algal bloom formation and dominant microalgae species. Further work will use stable isotope investigation of potential uptake mechanisms and wider work is required on understanding how the ecosystem may respond to organic nitrogen changes.&#160;

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Generation of a Non-Transgenic Genetically Improved Yeast Strain for Wine Production from Nitrogen-Deficient Musts

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8081194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1194 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eduardo Kessi-Pérez ◽

Jennifer Molinet ◽

Verónica García ◽

Omayra Aguilera ◽

Fernanda Cepeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Nitrogen Addition ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Wine Production ◽

Grape Must ◽

Improved Strain

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main species responsible for the process that involves the transformation of grape must into wine, with the initial nitrogen in the grape must being vital for it. One of the main problems in the wine industry is the deficiency of nitrogen sources in the grape must, leading to stuck or sluggish fermentations, and generating economic losses. In this scenario, an alternative is the isolation or generation of yeast strains with low nitrogen requirements for fermentation. In the present study, we carry out a genetic improvement program using as a base population a group of 70 strains isolated from winemaking environments mainly in Chile and Argentina (F0), making from it a first and second filial generation (F1 and F2, respectively) based in different families and hybrids. It was found that the trait under study has a high heritability, obtaining in the F2 population strains that consume a minor proportion of the nitrogen sources present in the must. Among these improved strains, strain “686” specially showed a marked drop in the nitrogen consumption, without losing fermentative performance, in synthetic grape must at laboratory level. When using this improved strain to produce wine from a natural grape must (supplemented and non-supplemented with ammonium) at pilot scale under wine cellar conditions, a similar fermentative capacity was obtained between this strain and a widely used commercial strain (EC1118). However, when fermented in a non-supplemented must, improved strain “686” showed the presence of a marked floral aroma absent for EC1118 strain, this difference being probably a direct consequence of its different pattern in amino acid consumption. The combination of the capacity of improved strain “686” to ferment without nitrogen addition and produce floral aromas may be of commercial interest for the wine industry.

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Occurrence of yeast cell death associated with micronutrient starvation during wine fermentation varies with nitrogen sources

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2019.53.3.2408 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camille Duc ◽

Jessica Noble ◽

Catherine Tesnière ◽

Bruno Blondin

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Cell Death ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Yeast Cell ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Nitrogen Addition ◽

Wine Fermentation ◽

The Impact ◽

Trigger Cell Death

Aim: Nitrogen availability is an essential parameter for wine alcoholic fermentation. Moreover, recent results have shown that it plays a key role in yeast cell death in interaction with micronutrients limitations such as lipids or vitamins. We found that yeast cell death was triggered by starvation for a set of micronutrients, including oleic acid, ergosterol, pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid whenever the level of nitrogen was high, but not in low nitrogen conditions. We examined here the impact of the nature of the nitrogen source supplementation in the light of these previous results.Methods and results: 19 amino acids or NH4+ were added, in amounts corresponding to 354 mg/L assimilable nitrogen, to an oenological medium that was low in nitrogen and oleic acid. Yeast viability in function of the fermentation progress was assessed and showed differences in cell death during the alcoholic fermentation in function of the amino acid added. The addition of NH4+ was also tested at two different times during wine fermentation. The results obtained show that various nitrogen sources (amino acids, ammonium) can trigger cell death but with different intensities.Conclusion: It appears that some amino acids are preferable to others in alcoholic fermentation because they do not trigger cell death. We also provide evidence that the timing of nitrogen addition has a strong impact on cell death in musts with micronutrient limitations: an early nitrogen addition is more likely to trigger cell death than a late addition.Significance and impact of the study: Our results provide a novel frame for managing nitrogen supplementation of grape musts and to avoid stuck fermentation.

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Characterization of embryogenesis-related proteins in alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.960406.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 585-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Randal W. Giroux ◽

K. Peter Pauls

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Related Proteins

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Effects of estrone and 17beta-estradiol on vegetative growth of Medicago sativa

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.840205.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laurence S. Shore ◽

Yoram Kapulnik ◽

Bruria Ben-Dor ◽

Yechezkial Fridman ◽

Smadar Wininger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Vegetative Growth

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Effect of a constant supply of different nitrogen sources on protein and carbohydrate content and enzyme activities of Anabaena variabilis cells

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.950106.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andres P Sanz ◽

Conrado Moreno-Vivian ◽

Jose M. Maldonado ◽

Agustin Gonzalez-Fontes

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Anabaena Variabilis

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Estimación de biomasa aérea de forrajes de invierno bajo riego a través de un dron

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v0i0.354 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Gavi Reyes ◽

César Botello-Aguillón ◽

Leonardo Tijerina-Chávez ◽

Arturo Galvis-Spíndola ◽

Rodrigo Roblero-Hidalgo

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Medicago Sativa L

E Objetivo: Desarrollar un procedimiento para estimar biomasa con imágenes digitales captadas desde un dron y modelación 3D (ID-Dron-3D) aplicable en alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) y avena forrajera (Avena sativa L.). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Con una cámara digital acoplada al dron se obtuvieron imágenes antes de la cosecha de los cultivos, que fueron procesadas con software para luego estimar volumen de biomasa. En cada cultivo se midió altura de la planta y área cosechada, volumen aparente y real de biomasa, y peso de biomasa fresca y seca. Resultados: Con base en el análisis de regresión se obtuvieron modelos lineales a una p<0.05 para predecir: biomasa fresca en avena (R2=0.70) y alfalfa (R2 =0.47); y biomasa seca en avena (R2=0.78) y en alfalfa (R2=0.31) mediante ID-Dron-3D. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Considerando las R2 de los modelos obtenidos, los resultados en la avena forrajera fueron mejores, respecto a los detectados en alfalfa, lo cual se puede deber a la mayor variabilidad de la cobertura vegetal, ya que, en algunas unidades de muestreo, las plantas de alfalfa no cubrían completamente el suelo. Hallazgos/conclusiones: El rendimiento de biomasa fresca y seca de ambos cultivos se correlacionó significativamente con su respectivo volumen aparente estimado con imágenes digitales tomadas desde un dron y su procesamiento 3D (ID-Dron-3D).

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ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) CULTIVADA EN CAMPECHE, MÉXICO Y SU INTEGRACIÓN LOCAL EN LA ALIMENTACIÓN DE CORDEROS EN CONFINAMIENTO

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v11i9.1217 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

Author(s):

CC. Castillo-Águilar

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Medicago Sativa L

Se comparó el uso de diferentes dietas con base en heno de alfalfa cultivada (Medicago sativa L.) en Campeche y su relación con un concentrado comercial y pasto Taiwán (Pennisetum purpureum), T1=concentrado comercial, T2=T1+heno de alfalfa, T3=T1+pasto Taiwán, T4=heno de alfalfa. Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo y metabólico de corderos en sistema intensivo utilizando 20 corderos machos con encaste de Pelibuey, Dorper y Black Belly de 12.5±1 kg de peso vivo (PV). Se midió el consumo de materia seca total (CMS), la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), la conversión alimenticia (CA), y la digestibilidad in situ de la materia seca (DISMS). También fueron evaluados el pH, nitrógeno amoniacal (NH3) y la concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) en líquido ruminal. La mejor GDP en gramos por día, de 234 g (p?0.05) se obtuvo en el T2; en contraste, el T3 mostró la menor GDP. La dieta que incluyó la mezcla de heno de alfalfa y concentrado mejoró significativamente las condiciones de las variables pH, NH3 y AGV (p?0.05).

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