Effects of selected natural preservatives on the mycelial growth and ochratoxin A production of the food-related moulds Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Penicillium verrucosum

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411-1418
Author(s):  
Inga Schlösser ◽  
Alexander Prange
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Aspergillus Westerdijkiae ◽  
Natural Preservatives

Antifungal Activity of Selected Natural Preservatives against Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Penicillium verrucosum and the Interactions of These Preservatives with Food Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1760
Author(s):  
INGA SCHLÖSSER ◽  
ALEXANDER PRANGE
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Aspergillus Westerdijkiae ◽  
Natural Preservatives ◽  
Food Model

ABSTRACT The present study examined the influence of primary food components on the antifungal activity of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare, carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde against Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillus westerdijkiae. The MIC was determined in food model media enriched with proteins (1, 5, or 10%), carbohydrates (1, 4, or 6%), or oil (1, 5, or 10%). Proteins increased the antifungal activity of O. vulgare essential oil, carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol, whereas the effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde decreased with increasing protein content. The presence of carbohydrates diminished the inhibitory effect of the natural preservatives on A. westerdijkiae; for P. verrucosum, their inhibitory effect increased with carbohydrates. Only the antifungal activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde did not depend on the carbohydrate content. The presence of oil had the strongest influence. At a concentration of 1% oil, the antifungal activity decreased significantly, and at 10% oil, almost no inhibition was observed. To investigate the effect of the antifungal agents on the morphology of the target molds, they were grown on malt extract agar containing carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde and were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The hyphae, conidiophores, vesicles, and phialides were severely altered and deformed, and spore formation was clearly suppressed.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Hydroxycinnamic Phenolic Acids to Inhibit the Production of Ochratoxin A by Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Penicillium verrucosum

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8548
Author(s):  
Saranyaphat Boonmee ◽  
Vessela Atanasova ◽  
Sylvain Chéreau ◽  
Gisèle Marchegay ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Aspergillus Westerdijkiae ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the worldwide most important mycotoxins in terms of health and agroeconomic consequences. With the aim to promote the use of phytochemicals as alternatives to synthetic fungicides, the effect of hydroxycinnamic acids on the fungal growth and OTA yield by two major OTA-producing species was investigated. After a first step dedicated to the definition of most suitable culture conditions, the impact of 0.5 mM ferulic (FER), p-coumaric (COUM), caffeic and chlorogenic acids was evaluated on Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Penicillium verrucosum. Whereas no fungal growth reduction was observed regardless of the phenolic acid and fungal isolate, our results demonstrated the capacity of FER and COUM to inhibit OTA production. The most efficient compound was FER that led to a 70% reduction of OTA yielded by P. verrucosum and, although not statistically significant, a 35% inhibition of OTA produced by A. westerdijkiae. To further investigate the bioactivity of FER and COUM, their metabolic fate was characterized in fungal broths. The capacity of P. verrucosum to metabolize FER and COUM through a C2-clivage type degradation was demonstrated. Overall, our data support the potential use of FER to prevent OTA contamination and reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.

Agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis of the ochratoxigenic fungus Aspergillus westerdijkiae

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia M Mata ◽  
Marta H Taniwaki ◽  
Beatriz T Iamanaka ◽  
Daniele Sartori ◽  
André L.M Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Aspergillus Westerdijkiae ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

Aspergillus westerdijkiae is a potent ochratoxin A (OTA) producer that has been found in coffee beans. OTA is known to have nephrotoxic effects and carcinogenic potential in animal species. Here we report for the first time the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for Aspergillus westerdijkiae and the generation of ochratoxin-defective mutants. Conidia were transformed to hygromycin B resistance using strain AGL-1 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The obtained transformation frequency was up to 47 transformants per 106 target conidia. Among 600 transformants, approximately 5% showed morphological variations. Eight transformants with consistently reduced OTA production were obtained. Two of these transformants did not produce OTA (detection limit: 0.1 µg/kg); the other six mutants produced lower amounts of OTA (1%–32%) compared with the wild-type strain. By using thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction, we successfully identified a putative flavin adenine dinucleotide monooxygenase gene.Key words: Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, Agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis, ochratoxin A.

Colonization of Barley Grain by Penicillium verrucosum and Ochratoxin A Formation in the Presence of Competing Fungi

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1311-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANNAPANENI RAMAKRISHNA ◽  
JOHN LACEY ◽  
JOHN E. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Grain Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Colonization of barley grain by Penicillium verrucosum and the formation of ochratoxin A were studied, both in pure culture and when paired with Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and Hyphopichia burtonii, at 20° and 30°C and at 0.97, 0.95 and 0.90 aw over a 3-week period. Grain colonization was assessed on the basis of visible molding, seed infection, and numbers of CFU and by observing hyphal extension on the grain surface by scanning electron microscopy. Ochratoxin A concentrations were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody. Germination of P. verrucosum spores was unaffected by the presence of other species. However, seed infection under most conditions was markedly decreased, relative to pure culture, by the presence of A. flavus and H. burtonii, but only slightly by F. sporotrichioides. The number of CFU of P. verrucosum was only slightly decreased in the presence of other species under most conditions. Generally, production of ochratoxin A by P. verrucosum was inhibited, sometimes significantly, in the presence of A. flavus and H. burtonii, but was changed only slightly by the presence of F. sporotrichioides. There was occasionally temporary enhancement in ochratoxin A production with all species during the 3-week incubation period.

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