scholarly journals Improved flowing behaviour and gas exchange of stored red blood cells by a compound porous structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1888-1897
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yusu Han ◽  
Wenda Hua ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Guoxing You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells

Analysis of PCO2 differences during rebreathing due to slow pH equilibration in blood

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bidani ◽  
E. D. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Lung Capillaries ◽  
Mixed Venous ◽  
Co2 Elimination

A quantitative analysis of the reaction and transport processes that occur in blood during and after gas exchange has been used to investigate mechanisms that might account for positive alveolar-mixed venous (A-V) and alveolar-arterial (Aa) PCO2 differences during rebreathing. The analysis was used to determine PCO2 changes that take place in blood as it travels from veins to arteries under conditions in which no CO2 is exchanged in the lung. The predicted A-V and Aa PCO2 differences are all positive and lie within the range of reported measured values. The differences are due to disequilibrium of [H+] between plasma and red blood cells, and to disequilibrium of the reactions CO2 in equilibrium HCO3- + H+ in plasma, as blood leaves the tissue and/or lung capillaries. The differences are increased with exercise and with continued O2 uptake in the lung, the latter due to the Haldane shift. We conclude that the two disequilibria and the Haldane shift contribute to the reported PCO2 differences in rebreathing animals but may not fully account for them. These mechanisms cannot explain any PCO2 differences that might exist during net CO2 elimination from blood in the lung.

scholarly journals LEAD STUDIES

1924 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Aub ◽  
Paul Reznikoff ◽  
Dorothea E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Surface Changes

The physiological changes following the reaction of lead upon red blood cells are numerous and show the marked effects of a change in the cell surface. In experiments here reported 0.01 to 0.05 mg. of lead acting upon 5 billion red cells caused such marked variations from normal as: 1. Partial loss of the normal stickiness of red corpuscles, which is demonstrated by their falling from a clean glass surface. 2. Loss of the agglutination reaction which normally follows mixture with serum of a different isoagglutinating group. 3. Decrease in volume even in isotonic solutions. 4. Loss of normal elasticity and, therefore, reduced changes in volume upon exposure to marked variations in osmotic tension. 5. Increase in resistance to large changes in external osmotic pressure because of this inelasticity, and therefore decreased hemolysis in hypotonic salt solution (Part 1). 6. Increase in the speed of disintegration in spite of this increased resistance to external osmotic pressure. "Leaded" cells break up more readily upon standing than do normal cells, and are easily fractured by rotation or shaking (Part 1). All these phenomena seem to be associated largely with surface changes in the corpuscles. Evidence is cited that there is no chemical reaction between lead and hemoglobin. The gas exchange is identical in normal and "leaded" cells. The function of the interior of the red cells, therefore, appears to be unaffected by lead. The effects of lead upon red blood cells are thus manifested by shrinkage, inability to expand, increased brittleness, and loss of the normal consistency which makes their surface sticky. After exposure to lead, red blood corpuscles are more like hard inelastic brittle rubber balls, than like the soft, elastic, resilient cells characteristic of normal blood.

scholarly journals The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the morphological characteristics of red blood cells and the gas transmission function of blood

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
G G Khubulava ◽  
D Yu Romanovskiy ◽  
A M Volkov ◽  
A V Biryukov ◽  
I R Skibro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Oxygen Capacity

Investigate the effect of extracorporeal circulation on the erythrocyte morphology, the intensity of gas exchange in the body tissues of the patient was determined before the operation, during the operation and during the postoperative treatment using morphometric analysis of the form of erythrocytes. It was established that during the operation with artificial blood circulation, the ratio of the voltage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial and venous blood changes, indicating a shift in the oxygen capacity of the blood. Since the oxygen concentration in the oxygenator is known and under constant control, a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the blood reflects the intensity of tissue respiration on the one hand, and the degree of mechanical damage to red blood cells on the other. The intensity of tissue respiration was judged on the basis of a previously unknown fact that the form of erythrocytes depends on the degree of their saturation with oxygen. It is noted that blood, saturated with oxygen (arterial) under normal conditions of gas exchange in the lungs, is 90-95% composed of small red blood cells (villous length 0,3-0,4 μm), venous blood is represented mainly by large vorous forms of red blood cells (villous length 0,4-1 μm). The form of red blood cells is reversible and changes both after passing through the lungs (oxygenator), and after gas exchange in the tissues. The inhibition of oxygen consumption by red blood during perfusion indicates a change in the metabolic processes, shape and resistance of red blood cells, which allows a more complete assessment of the pathophysiological changes that occur in the body in response to perfusion. The proposed methods of morphometric analysis of erythrocytes, as well as determining their osmotic resistance, can serve as express methods for analyzing red blood during heart operations using extracorporeal circulation, in order to correct it in time and replenish it.

scholarly journals Microfluidic Characterization of Red Blood Cells Microcirculation under Oxidative Stress

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3552
Author(s):  
Nadezhda A. Besedina ◽  
Elisaveta A. Skverchinskaya ◽  
Alexander S. Ivanov ◽  
Konstantin P. Kotlyar ◽  
Ivan A. Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Microcirculation is one of the basic functional processes where the main gas exchange between red blood cells (RBCs) and surrounding tissues occurs. It is greatly influenced by the shape and deformability of RBCs, which can be affected by oxidative stress induced by different drugs and diseases leading to anemia. Here we investigated how in vitro microfluidic characterization of RBCs transit velocity in microcapillaries can indicate cells damage and its correlation with clinical hematological analysis. For this purpose, we compared an SU-8 mold with an Si-etched mold for fabrication of PDMS microfluidic devices and quantitatively figured out that oxidative stress induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide splits all RBCs into two subpopulations of normal and slow cells according to their transit velocity. Obtained results agree with the hematological analysis showing that such changes in RBCs velocities are due to violations of shape, volume, and increased heterogeneity of the cells. These data show that characterization of RBCs transport in microfluidic devices can directly reveal violations of microcirculation caused by oxidative stress. Therefore, it can be used for characterization of the ability of RBCs to move in microcapillaries, estimating possible side effects of cancer chemotherapy, and predicting the risk of anemia.

scholarly journals Single-cell O2 exchange imaging shows that cytoplasmic diffusion is a dominant barrier to efficient gas transport in red blood cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (18) ◽  
pp. 10067-10078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Richardson ◽  
Alzbeta Hulikova ◽  
Melanie Proven ◽  
Ria Hipkiss ◽  
Magbor Akanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Induced Changes

Disorders of oxygen transport are commonly attributed to inadequate carrying capacity (anemia) but may also relate to inefficient gas exchange by red blood cells (RBCs), a process that is poorly characterized yet assumed to be rapid. Without direct measurements of gas exchange at the single-cell level, the barriers to O2 transport and their relationship with hematological disorders remain ill defined. We developed a method to track the flow of O2 in individual RBCs by combining ultrarapid solution switching (to manipulate gas tension) with single-cell O2 saturation fluorescence microscopy. O2 unloading from RBCs was considerably slower than previously estimated in acellular hemoglobin solutions, indicating the presence of diffusional barriers in intact cells. Rate-limiting diffusion across cytoplasm was demonstrated by osmotically induced changes to hemoglobin concentration (i.e., diffusive tortuosity) and cell size (i.e., diffusion pathlength) and by comparing wild-type cells with hemoglobin H (HbH) thalassemia (shorter pathlength and reduced tortuosity) and hereditary spherocytosis (HS; expanded pathlength). Analysis of the distribution of O2 unloading rates in HS RBCs identified a subpopulation of spherocytes with greatly impaired gas exchange. Tortuosity imposed by hemoglobin was verified by demonstrating restricted diffusivity of CO2, an acidic gas, from the dissipative spread of photolytically uncaged H+ ions across cytoplasm. Our findings indicate that cytoplasmic diffusion, determined by pathlength and tortuosity, is a major barrier to efficient gas handling by RBCs. Consequently, changes in RBC shape and hemoglobin concentration, which are common manifestations of hematological disorders, can have hitherto unrecognized and clinically significant implications on gas exchange.

scholarly journals Mapping cardiopulmonary dynamics within the microvasculature of the lungs using dissolved 129Xe MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Niedbalski ◽  
Elianna A. Bier ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Matthew M. Willmering ◽  
Bastiaan Driehuys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Disease State ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Regional Lung ◽  
Cardiogenic Oscillations

Spatially heterogeneous abnormalities within the lung microvasculature contribute to pathology in various cardiopulmonary diseases but are difficult to assess noninvasively. Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI is a noninvasive method to probe lung function, including regional gas exchange between pulmonary air spaces and capillaries. We show that cardiogenic oscillations in the raw dissolved 129Xe MRI signal from pulmonary capillary red blood cells can be imaged using a postacquisition reconstruction technique, providing a new means of assessing regional lung microvasculature function and disease state.

scholarly journals Single‐cell oxygen saturation imaging shows that gas exchange by red blood cells is not impaired in COVID‐19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Chan Park ◽  
Killian Donovan ◽  
Stuart McKechnie ◽  
Narayan Ramamurthy ◽  
Paul Klenerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Blood Cells

Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroto Washida ◽  
Nakazo Watari
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document