Analysis of PCO2 differences during rebreathing due to slow pH equilibration in blood

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bidani ◽  
E. D. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Lung Capillaries ◽  
Mixed Venous ◽  
Co2 Elimination

A quantitative analysis of the reaction and transport processes that occur in blood during and after gas exchange has been used to investigate mechanisms that might account for positive alveolar-mixed venous (A-V) and alveolar-arterial (Aa) PCO2 differences during rebreathing. The analysis was used to determine PCO2 changes that take place in blood as it travels from veins to arteries under conditions in which no CO2 is exchanged in the lung. The predicted A-V and Aa PCO2 differences are all positive and lie within the range of reported measured values. The differences are due to disequilibrium of [H+] between plasma and red blood cells, and to disequilibrium of the reactions CO2 in equilibrium HCO3- + H+ in plasma, as blood leaves the tissue and/or lung capillaries. The differences are increased with exercise and with continued O2 uptake in the lung, the latter due to the Haldane shift. We conclude that the two disequilibria and the Haldane shift contribute to the reported PCO2 differences in rebreathing animals but may not fully account for them. These mechanisms cannot explain any PCO2 differences that might exist during net CO2 elimination from blood in the lung.

scholarly journals Simple Methodology for the Quantitative Analysis of Fatty Acids in Human Red Blood Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 1271-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel O. Rodrigues ◽  
Helena Costa ◽  
Rui Lima ◽  
Joana S. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells

scholarly journals Improved flowing behaviour and gas exchange of stored red blood cells by a compound porous structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1888-1897
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yusu Han ◽  
Wenda Hua ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Guoxing You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells

scholarly journals LEAD STUDIES

1924 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Aub ◽  
Paul Reznikoff ◽  
Dorothea E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Surface Changes

The physiological changes following the reaction of lead upon red blood cells are numerous and show the marked effects of a change in the cell surface. In experiments here reported 0.01 to 0.05 mg. of lead acting upon 5 billion red cells caused such marked variations from normal as: 1. Partial loss of the normal stickiness of red corpuscles, which is demonstrated by their falling from a clean glass surface. 2. Loss of the agglutination reaction which normally follows mixture with serum of a different isoagglutinating group. 3. Decrease in volume even in isotonic solutions. 4. Loss of normal elasticity and, therefore, reduced changes in volume upon exposure to marked variations in osmotic tension. 5. Increase in resistance to large changes in external osmotic pressure because of this inelasticity, and therefore decreased hemolysis in hypotonic salt solution (Part 1). 6. Increase in the speed of disintegration in spite of this increased resistance to external osmotic pressure. "Leaded" cells break up more readily upon standing than do normal cells, and are easily fractured by rotation or shaking (Part 1). All these phenomena seem to be associated largely with surface changes in the corpuscles. Evidence is cited that there is no chemical reaction between lead and hemoglobin. The gas exchange is identical in normal and "leaded" cells. The function of the interior of the red cells, therefore, appears to be unaffected by lead. The effects of lead upon red blood cells are thus manifested by shrinkage, inability to expand, increased brittleness, and loss of the normal consistency which makes their surface sticky. After exposure to lead, red blood corpuscles are more like hard inelastic brittle rubber balls, than like the soft, elastic, resilient cells characteristic of normal blood.

Quantitative Analysis and Simultaneous Activity Measurements of Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase in Red Blood Cells by HPLC−ICPMS

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 2387-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nuevo Ordoñez ◽  
M. Montes-Bayón ◽  
E. Blanco-González ◽  
A. Sanz-Medel
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Simultaneous Activity

scholarly journals The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the morphological characteristics of red blood cells and the gas transmission function of blood

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
G G Khubulava ◽  
D Yu Romanovskiy ◽  
A M Volkov ◽  
A V Biryukov ◽  
I R Skibro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Oxygen Capacity

Investigate the effect of extracorporeal circulation on the erythrocyte morphology, the intensity of gas exchange in the body tissues of the patient was determined before the operation, during the operation and during the postoperative treatment using morphometric analysis of the form of erythrocytes. It was established that during the operation with artificial blood circulation, the ratio of the voltage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial and venous blood changes, indicating a shift in the oxygen capacity of the blood. Since the oxygen concentration in the oxygenator is known and under constant control, a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the blood reflects the intensity of tissue respiration on the one hand, and the degree of mechanical damage to red blood cells on the other. The intensity of tissue respiration was judged on the basis of a previously unknown fact that the form of erythrocytes depends on the degree of their saturation with oxygen. It is noted that blood, saturated with oxygen (arterial) under normal conditions of gas exchange in the lungs, is 90-95% composed of small red blood cells (villous length 0,3-0,4 μm), venous blood is represented mainly by large vorous forms of red blood cells (villous length 0,4-1 μm). The form of red blood cells is reversible and changes both after passing through the lungs (oxygenator), and after gas exchange in the tissues. The inhibition of oxygen consumption by red blood during perfusion indicates a change in the metabolic processes, shape and resistance of red blood cells, which allows a more complete assessment of the pathophysiological changes that occur in the body in response to perfusion. The proposed methods of morphometric analysis of erythrocytes, as well as determining their osmotic resistance, can serve as express methods for analyzing red blood during heart operations using extracorporeal circulation, in order to correct it in time and replenish it.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Approach for Automation the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia Based on Quantitative Analysis of Red Blood Cells in Intestine Villi Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Manar Rizik Al-Sayyed ◽  
Faten Hamad ◽  
Rizik Al-Sayyed ◽  
Hussam N. Fakhouri
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
The Status

Recent years have witnessed a huge revolution in developing automated diagnosis for different diseases such as cancer using medical image processing. Many researchers have been conducted in this field. Analyzing medical microscopic images provide pathology medical track with large information about the status of the patients and the progress of the diseases and help in detecting any pathological changes in tissues. Automation of the diagnosis of these images will lead to a better, faster and enhanced diagnosis for different hematological and histological images. This paper proposes an automated approach for analyzing blood smear microscopic images to help in diagnosing anemia using quantitative analysis of red blood cells in intestine villi tissue. The diagnoses depends on counting the number of blue and red stained blood cells that contain iron in each villi separately, then, it calculates the percentage of blue cells and red cells in the experimented image. The experimental results have shown that using digital image processing techniques through processing the image into different stages as including noise removal, image sharpening, enhancing contrast, find region of interest, isolating color, removing edges, and counting cells leads to a successful outcome and the diagnose of anemia.

scholarly journals Kinetics of oxygen uptake and release by red blood cells of chicken and duck

1986 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
D. Nguyen Phu ◽  
K. Yamaguchi ◽  
P. Scheid ◽  
J. Piiper
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Volume Averaging ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
O2 Diffusion ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Human Rbcs

The specific conductance (G) for O2 transfer by red blood cells (RBCs) of chicken and muscovy duck was measured using the experimental (stopped-flow) and analytical techniques (RBC model) previously applied to human RBC (Yamaguchi, Nguyen Phu, Scheid & Piiper, 1985). Avian RBCs behaved similarly to human RBCs: G values were of similar magnitude; G for O2 uptake decreased with time and increasing O2 saturation; G for O2 release at high levels of dithionite decreased slightly with decreasing O2 saturation; G for O2 release was higher than G for O2 uptake. The deoxygenation kinetics of oxyhaemoglobin in solution was similar for both avian species. The G measured for O2 release at high dithionite concentration, considered to represent a good approximation to intra-erythrocyte O2 diffusion conductance, averaged (in mmol min-1 Torr-1 ml-1 RBC) 0.33 for chicken and 0.25 for duck (at 41 degrees C, pH of the suspension = 7.5, O2 saturation range 0.4-0.8). These species differences can be explained by differences in cell size, the RBC volume averaging 104 micron3 in the chicken and 155 micron3 in the duck. Compared with human RBCs, the G estimates for avian RBCs are somewhat smaller than would be predicted from size differences, which can be explained by the discoid shape of mammalian RBCs which constitutes an advantage compared with the ovoid avian RBC.

scholarly journals Single cell analysis of aged RBCs: quantitative analysis of the aged cells and byproducts

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kim ◽  
Mitchell Weigand ◽  
Andre F. Palmer ◽  
Maciej Zborowski ◽  
Mark H. Yazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells

This study focuses on characterizing the aging process of red blood cells by correlating the loss of hemoglobin and the translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS) in expired human red blood cells, hRBCs.

Acellular hemoglobin solution enters compressed lung capillaries more readily than red blood cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1198-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Conhaim ◽  
Lance A. Rodenkirch ◽  
Kal E. Watson ◽  
Bruce A. Harms
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hemoglobin Solution ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass ◽  
Lung Capillaries ◽  
Alveolar Septa

High lung inflation pressures compress alveolar septal capillaries, impede red cell transit, and interfere with oxygenation. However, recently introduced acellular hemoglobin solutions may enter compressed lung capillaries more easily than red blood cells. To test this hypothesis, we perfused isolated rat lungs with fluorescently labeled diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb; 10%) and/ or autologous red cells (hematocrit, 20). Septal capillaries were compressed by setting lung inflation pressure above vascular pressures (zone 1). Examination by confocal microscopy showed that DCLHb was distributed throughout alveolar septa. Furthermore, this distribution was not affected by adding red blood cells to the perfusate. We estimated the maximum acellular hemoglobin mass within septa to be equivalent to that of 15 red blood cells. By comparison, we found an average of 2.7 ± 4.6 red cells per septum in zone 1. These values increased to 30.4 ± 25.8 and 50.4 ± 22.1 cells per septum in zones 2 and 3, respectively. We conclude that perfusion in zone 1 with a 10% acellular hemoglobin solution may increase the hemoglobin concentration per septum up to fivefold compared with red cell perfusion.

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