One dose of COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine REVC-128 provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge at two weeks post immunization

The limited knowledge on the role of many of the approximately 170 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus restricts progress towards vaccine development. In this study we investigated the effect of deleting combinations of different genes from a previously attenuated virus, BeninΔDP148R on: virus replication in macrophages, virus persistence and clinical signs post immunization, and induction of protection against challenge. Deletion of either EP402R or EP153R genes individually or in combination from BeninΔDP148R did not reduce virus replication in vitro. However, deletion of EP402R dramatically reduced viral persistence in vivo, whilst maintaining high levels of protection against challenge. The additional deletion of EP153R (BeninΔDP148RΔEP153RΔEP402R) further attenuated the virus and no viremia or clinical signs were observed post immunization. This was associated with decreased protection and detection of moderate levels of challenge virus in blood. Interestingly, the deletion of EP153R alone from BeninΔDP148R did not result in further virus attenuation and a slight increase in virus genome copies in blood was observed at different times post immunization when compared with BeninΔDP148R. These results show that EP402R and EP153R have a synergistic role in promoting viremia, however EP153R alone does not seem to have a major impact on virus levels in blood.

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Catgut Implantation at Acupoints has an Immunosuppressive Effect on Autoimmune Uveitis by Regulating Th1/Th17 Lymphocytes

Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research ◽

10.3727/036012921x16237619666012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Feifei Chen ◽

Jianying Zhao ◽

Shuyang Zhong ◽

Fengming Zheng ◽

Xiaobo Hao

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Rat Model ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Autoimmune Uveitis ◽

Post Immunization ◽

Th17 Lymphocytes ◽

Catgut Implantation At Acupoints ◽

Ifn Γ

Catgut implantation at acupoints (CIA) has a long history as a medical treatment for a wide variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases. However, the effect and mechanism of this therapy in autoimmune uveitis is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the immunity-inhibitory effect of CIA in an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) rat model. EAU was established in Lewis rats by the injection of IRBP1177–1191 peptide. The rats were randomly divided into control and CIA groups. Phenotypic and histological assessments were performed days 9, 13, 18, 23 post-immunization. The percentage of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes isolated from lymph nodes were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the CIA group, delayed mild inflammation was observed. Pathological investigation found alleviated infiltration of lymphocytes and ocular damage. Flow cytometry showed significantly decreased Th17 lymphocytes at day 9, 13, and 18 post-immunization (P<0.05) and no significant changes at day 23 post-immunization (P=0.868) after CIA. The Th1 lymphocytes were significantly decreased at day 13 and 18 post-immunization (P<0.05) and comparable at day 9 (P=0.111) and 23 (P=0.551) post-immunization in the CIA group. IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA levels were notably decreased at day 9, 13 and 18 post-immunization (P<0.05) and showed a downward trend at day 23 post-immunization, although with no significance (P=0.080 and P=0.137, respectively) after CIA. Serum IL-17 and IFN-γ levels in the CIA group were significantly decreased at day 9, 13 and 18 post-immunization (P<0.05) and were comparable at day 23 post-immunization (P=0.078 and P=0.979, respectively). Ocular inflammation was markedly inhibited after catgut implantation at Pishu (BL20) and Shenshu (BL23) acupoints in an EAU rat model. Moreover, CIA reduced Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes and the expression IFN-γ and IL-17.

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Nonsecretor Histo–blood Group Antigen Phenotype Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Clinical Rotavirus Vaccine Failure in Malawian Infants

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciy1067 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 1313-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Louisa Pollock ◽

Aisleen Bennett ◽

Khuzwayo C Jere ◽

Queen Dube ◽

Jonathan Mandolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Case Control ◽

Vaccine Virus ◽

Blood Group Antigen ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Vaccine Failure ◽

Post Immunization ◽

Negative Phenotype ◽

Reduced Risk

Abstract Background Histo–blood group antigen (HBGA) Lewis/secretor phenotypes predict genotype-specific susceptibility to rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). We tested the hypothesis that nonsecretor/Lewis-negative phenotype leads to reduced vaccine take and lower clinical protection following vaccination with G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in Malawian infants Methods A cohort study recruited infants receiving RV1 at age 6 and 10 weeks. HBGA phenotype was determined by salivary enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RV1 vaccine virus shedding was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in stool collected on alternate days for 10 days post-immunization. Plasma rotavirus–specific immunoglobulin A was determined by ELISA pre- and post-immunization. In a case-control study, HBGA phenotype distribution was compared between RV1-vaccinated infants with RVGE and 1:1 age-matched community controls. Rotavirus genotype was determined by RT-PCR. Results In 202 cohort participants, neither overall vaccine virus fecal shedding nor seroconversion differed by HBGA phenotype. In 238 case-control infants, nonsecretor phenotype was less common in infants with clinical vaccine failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20–0.75). Nonsecretor phenotype was less common in infants with P[8] RVGE (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03–0.50) and P[4] RVGE (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04–0.75). Lewis-negative phenotype was more common in infants with P[6] RVGE (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4–7.2). Conclusions Nonsecretor phenotype was associated with reduced risk of rotavirus vaccine failure. There was no significant association between HBGA phenotype and vaccine take. These data refute the hypothesis that high prevalence of nonsecretor/Lewis-negative phenotypes contributes to lower rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in Malawi.

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Post-immunization leucocytosis and its implications for the management of febrile infants

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (20) ◽

pp. 2870-2875 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah Prentice ◽

Zephyrian Kamushaaga ◽

Stephen B. Nash ◽

Alison M. Elliott ◽

Hazel M. Dockrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Post Immunization

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Airway hyper-reactivity mediated by B-1 cell immunoglobulin M antibody generating complement C5a at 1 day post-immunization in a murine hapten model of non-atopic asthma

Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01936.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 234-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ivana Kawikova ◽

Vipin Paliwal ◽

Marian Szczepanik ◽

Atsuko Itakura ◽

Mieko Fukui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Atopic Asthma ◽

Post Immunization ◽

Complement C5a

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A comparison of live and inactivated influenza A (H1N1) virus vaccines

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400028990 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 361-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. Clark ◽

C. W. Potter ◽

R. Jennings ◽

J. P. Nicholl ◽

A. F. Langrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Vaccine ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

H1n1 Vaccine ◽

Live Virus ◽

Post Immunization ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

B Virus ◽

Antibody Titres

SUMMARYGroups of volunteers were immunized with one of three influenza virus vaccines, and the resistance to challenge infection with attenuated influenza A (H1N1) virus was measured 8 months later. The vaccines were aqueous subunit influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) vaccine, aqueous subunit influenza B/Hong Kong/73 vaccine, or attenuated influenza virus A (H1N1) vaccine. The B virus vaccine was included as a control to assess the incidence of natural A virus infection during the study period. A proportion of the B virus vaccinees had pre-existing A (H1N1) virus antibody and were used to study the immunity conferred by natural infection to the live virus challenge. The serum antibody responses were measured at 1 and 8 months after immunization. The results showed that all the vaccines induced serum HI antibody in a proportion of the volunteers; however, after 1 month, higher titres of serum antibody were found in volunteers given inactivated A vaccine than in those given live attenuated A virus vaccine. Eight months post-immunization the titres of serum antibody in volunteers given inactivated vaccine had declined significantly, but there were no changes in the antibody titres of those given live virus vaccine. The incidence of infection by the challenge virus at 8 months post-immunization was directly related to the serum antibody titres 1 month post-immunization; no evidence was obtained to suggest that those given live virus vaccine had a more solid immunity than those given inactivated vaccine.

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Influence factors of post-immunization gastritis after Helicobacter pylori vaccine immunization in mice

World Chinese Journal of Digestology ◽

10.11569/wcjd.v14.i23.2275 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 2275

Author(s):

Jie Chen ◽

Min-Hu Chen ◽

Jin-Hu Wang ◽

Sen-Lin Zhu

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Post Immunization

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The effect of pneumococcal immunization on total and antigen-specific B cells in patients with severe chronic kidney disease

BMC Immunology ◽

10.1186/s12865-019-0325-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gabrielle Nicole Gaultier ◽

William McCready ◽

Marina Ulanova

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

B Cells ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

B Cell ◽

Pneumococcal Infection ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Memory B Cells ◽

Noticeable Effect ◽

Post Immunization ◽

Cell Subpopulations

Abstract Background While the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is routinely used in Canada and some other countries to prevent pneumococcal infection in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients develop a suboptimal antibody response to PPV23 due to their immune dysfunction. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) has superior immunogenicity in some categories of immunocompromised adults; however, its effect on the immune response in CKD patients has only been addressed by two recent studies with conflicting results. The effect of PPV23 or PCV13 on B cells in these patients has not been previously studied. We studied the absolute numbers and proportions of B cells and subpopulations in two groups of adult patients with severe CKD pre- and 7 days post-immunization with PCV13: pneumococcal vaccine naïve and previously immunized with PPV23 (over one year ago). Results PPV23 immunized patients had significantly lower proportions and absolute numbers of class switched memory (CD19 + CD27 + IgM-), as well as lower absolute numbers of IgM memory (CD19 + CD27 + IgM+) and class switched B cells (CD19 + CD27-IgM-) compared to PPV23 naïve patients. Following PCV13 immunization, the differences in absolute numbers of B-cell subpopulations between groups remained significant. The PPV23 immunized group had higher proportions of CD5- B cells along with lower proportions and absolute numbers of CD5+ B cells compared to PPV23 naïve patients both pre- and post-immunization with PCV13. However, previous PPV23 immunization did not have a noticeable effect on the numbers of total IgG or serotype 6B and 14 specific antibody-secreting cells detected 7 days post-immunization with PCV13. Nevertheless, fold increase in anti-serotype 14 IgG concentrations 28 days post-PCV13 was greater in PPV23 naïve than in previously immunized patients. Conclusions The results suggest that immunization with PPV23 may result in long-term changes in B-cell subpopulations such as increased prevalence of CD5- B cells and decreased prevalence of class switched memory B cells in the peripheral blood. Because previous immunization with PPV23 in patients with CKD is associated with a significant decrease in the total class switched memory B cells in response to subsequent immunization with PCV13, this may reduce PCV13 immunogenicity in the setting of PPV23 followed by PCV13. Trial registration Registered February 24, 2015 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 02370069).

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Post-immunization gastritis in helicobacter immunized/challenged mice

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(98)83805-5 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. A935

Author(s):

T.G. Blanchard ◽

S.J. Czinn ◽

R. Redline ◽

N. Sigmund ◽

J.G. Nedrud

Keyword(s):

Post Immunization

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