Criminal convictions and immigrant background 1973–2017 in Sweden – have differences increased or declined?

Abstract Aim Practicing physicians have a special position as disseminators of community-based prevention for children. However, it is unclear to what extent physicians inform parents about programs. The study investigated: To what extent do physicians disseminate information about community-based prevention for children aged 0–7? Do differences exist along family’s socioeconomic position (SEP) and immigrant background? Subject and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a German school entrance examination. Parents were invited to participate in a survey on community-based prevention with information about their awareness and information source. SEP was measured by parental education, immigrant background by country of birth. For nine services types, we counted how often parents named physicians and other professional groups as information sources. To estimate social differences, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Survey participants included 6480 parents (response 65.49%). Compared to other information sources, physicians were mentioned less frequently. For example, regarding language therapy, 31.2% of parents were informed by healthcare/social services, and 4.4% by physicians. Lower educated parents were less frequently informed by physicians about counseling services (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.46–0.73) compared to higher educated parents. Parents with immigrant background were informed less often about parenting skills courses (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.70–0.90) compared to parents without immigrant background, but more often about language therapy (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.13–1.91). No further social differences were observed. Conclusion The role of physicians as disseminators for community-based prevention is expandable. They should promote parenting skills courses in a socially sensitive way.

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No evidence to support the impact of migration background on treatment response rates and cancer survival: a retrospective matched-pair analysis in Germany

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08141-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roman Rüdiger ◽

Franziska Geiser ◽

Manuel Ritter ◽

Peter Brossart ◽

Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Response ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Migration Background ◽

Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽

Matched Pair ◽

Cancer Center ◽

German Population ◽

Matched Pair Analysis ◽

Immigrant Background

Abstract Background Immigration has taken the central stage in world politics, especially in the developed countries like Germany, where the continuous flow of immigrants has been well documented since 1960s. Strikingly, emerging data suggest that migrant patients have a poorer response to the treatment and lower survival rates in their new host country, raising concerns about health disparities. Herein, we present our investigation on the treatment response rate and cancer survival in German patients with and without an immigrant background that were treated at our comprehensive cancer center in Germany. Methods Initially, we considered 8162 cancer patients treated at the Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Germany (April 2002–December 2015) for matched-pair analysis. Subsequently, the German patients with a migration background and those from the native German population were manually identified and catalogued using a highly specific name-based algorithm. The clinical parameters such as demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, defined staging criteria, and primary therapy were further adjusted. Using these stringent criteria, a total of 422 patients (n = 211, Germans with migration background; n = 211, native German population) were screened to compare for the treatment response and survival rates (i.e., 5-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and time to progression). Results Compared to the cohort with migration background, the cohort without migration background was slightly older (54.9 vs. 57.9 years) while having the same sex distribution (54.5% vs. 55.0% female) and longer follow-up time (36.9 vs. 42.6 months). We did not find significant differences in cancer survival (5-year overall survival, P = 0.771) and the response rates (Overall Remission Rate; McNemar’s test, P = 0.346) between both collectives. Conclusion Contrary to prior reports, we found no significant differences in cancer survival between German patients with immigrant background and native German patients. Nevertheless, the advanced treatment protocols implemented at our comprehensive cancer center may possibly account for the low variance in outcome. To conduct similar studies with a broader perspective, we propose that certain risk factors (country-of-origin-specific infections, dietary habits, epigenetics for chronic diseases etc.) should be considered, specially in the future studies that will recruit new arrivals from the 2015 German refugee crisis.

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Educational ICT use outside school in the European Union: disparities by social origin, immigrant background, and gender

Journal of Children and Media ◽

10.1080/17482798.2021.1902359 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Birgit Becker

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The European Union ◽

Social Origin ◽

Ict Use ◽

Immigrant Background ◽

And Gender

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Grammatical Gender in the German Multiethnolect

Journal of Germanic Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s1470542720000082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 5-29

Author(s):

Peter Auer ◽

Vanessa Siegel

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

First Language ◽

Spontaneous Speech ◽

Grammatical Gender ◽

Grammatical Category ◽

Immigrant Background ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Bare Nouns ◽

Gender System ◽

Germanic Languages

While major restructurings and simplifications have been reported for gender systems of other Germanic languages in multiethnolectal speech, this article demonstrates that the three-way gender distinction of German is relatively stable among young speakers from an immigrant background. We investigate gender in a German multiethnolect based on a corpus of approximately 17 hours of spontaneous speech produced by 28 young speakers in Stuttgart (mainly from Turkish and Balkan background). German is not their second language, but (one of) their first language(s), which they have fully acquired from childhood. We show that the gender system does not show signs of reduction in the direction of a two-gender system, nor of wholesale loss. We also argue that the position of gender in the grammar is weakened by independent innovations, such as the frequent use of bare nouns in grammatical contexts where German requires a determiner. Another phenomenon that weakens the position of gender is the simplification of adjective-noun agreement and the emergence of a generalized gender-neutral suffix for prenominal adjectives (that is, schwa). The disappearance of gender and case marking in the adjective means that the grammatical category of gender is lost in Adj + N phrases (without a determiner).

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Why Do Immigrant and Swedish Adolescents Engage in Ethnic Victimization? Common and Distinct Underlying Factors

Journal of Youth and Adolescence ◽

10.1007/s10964-021-01485-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 2236-2248

Author(s):

S. Bayram Özdemir ◽

C. Giles ◽

M. Özdemir

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Composition ◽

Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽

Factors Associated ◽

School Settings ◽

Immigrant Background ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

The Common ◽

Native Youth ◽

Low Levels ◽

Ethnic Victimization

AbstractYouth of immigrant background are at risk of experiencing victimization due to their ethnic or cultural background. However, limited knowledge is available regarding why youth victimize their immigrant peers, and whether the factors associated with engagement in ethnic victimization vary across adolescents of different background. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study aimed to elucidate the common or differential factors associated with engagement in ethnic victimization among immigrant and native youth. The analytical sample included seventh grade students residing in Sweden from 55 classrooms (N = 963, Mage = 13.11, SD = 0.41; 46% girls; 38% youth of immigrant background). The results showed that being morally disengaged and engaging in general victimization are the common denominators of engagement in ethnic victimization for immigrant and Swedish youth. Low levels of positive attitudes toward immigrants provide a foundation for ethnic victimization among Swedish youth, but not youth of immigrant background. Classroom ethnic composition was not significantly related to engagement in ethnic victimization in either group. Predictors of engagement in ethnic victimization seem to have similarities and differences among immigrant and Swedish youth. The factors involved require further attention in developing strategies to combat bias-based hostile behaviors in diverse school settings.

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The Social Construction of Corporate Violence: Media Coverage of the Imperial Food Products Fire

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128795041001002 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 20-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

John P. Wright ◽

Francis T. Cullen ◽

Michael B. Blankenship

Keyword(s):

Media Coverage ◽

White Collar Crime ◽

Food Products ◽

White Collar ◽

Newspaper Coverage ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Criminal Convictions ◽

Safety Regulations ◽

The Social ◽

The Media

Although investigative reports have contributed to the social movement against white-collar crime, few studies assess the extent to which the media socially construct corporate violence as a “crime.” We examine this issue through a content analysis of newspaper coverage of the fire-related deaths of 25 workers at the Imperial Food Products chicken-processing plant, which resulted in the company's owner pleading guilty to manslaughter. The analysis revealed that newspaper reports largely attributed the deaths to the lax enforcement of safety regulations but did not initially construct the deaths as a crime or subsequently publicize the criminal convictions.

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The Value of Incorporating Measures of Relationship Concordance When Constructing Profiles of Intimate Partner Homicides: A Descriptive Study of IPH Committed Within London, 1998-2009

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515589565 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 1476-1500 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jacqueline Sebire

Keyword(s):

Employment Status ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Health Issues ◽

Criminal Convictions ◽

Female Perpetrators ◽

Gender Based ◽

Concordance Measures ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

This article presents a profile of intimate partner homicides (IPH) committed within London incorporating a gendered comparison of the perpetrators’ relationships. Data was sourced from the original police files for offenses committed in the capital between 1998 and 2009 ( N = 207; 173 male and 34 female perpetrators). In common with other international descriptive studies, the results indicate comparative differences between partners according to perpetrator gender in terms of age profiles, employment status, experience of mental health issues, intoxication at time of killing, and possession of criminal convictions. Gender-based IPH descriptive studies have tended to focus on a collation of either victim or perpetrator or relationship characteristics, often in isolation from one another. Assessments of how parties interact within fatal relationships are invariably absent, and yet, it is the relationship that forms the backdrop against which the fatal acts are perpetrated. This study, therefore, not only provides an insight into the profile of IPH committed within London where none had previously existed but also demonstrates the advantages of incorporating relationship concordance measures. The inclusion of such measures when researching IPH assists homicide investigators in understanding the dynamics taking place within the cohort of fatal relationships they police. It also provides researchers a useful platform to enhance understanding of this crucial aspect, for it is the relationship itself which is what defines IPH and distinguishes as a unique subset of homicide.

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