scholarly journals VAMP/synaptobrevin isoforms 1 and 2 are widely and differentially expressed in nonneuronal tissues.

1996 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Rossetto ◽  
L Gorza ◽  
G Schiavo ◽  
N Schiavo ◽  
R H Scheller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Vesicle Docking ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Kidney Tubular Cells

VAMP/synaptobrevin is part of the synaptic vesicle docking and fusion complex and plays a central role in neuroexocytosis. Two VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein) isoforms are expressed in the nervous system and are differently distributed among the specialized parts of the tissue. Here, VAMP-1 and -2 are shown to be present in all rat tissues tested, including kidney, adrenal gland, liver, pancreas, thyroid, heart, and smooth muscle. The two isoforms are differentially expressed in various tissues and their level may depend on differentiation. VAMP-1 is restricted to exocrine pancreas and to kidney tubular cells, whereas VAMP-2 is the predominant isoform present in Langerhans islets and in glomerular cells. Both isoforms show a patchy vesicular intracellular distribution in confocal microscopy. The present results provide evidence for the importance of neuronal VAMP proteins in the physiology of all cells.

scholarly journals Long range synchronization within the enteric nervous system underlies propulsion along the large intestine in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick J. Spencer ◽  
Lee Travis ◽  
Lukasz Wiklendt ◽  
Marcello Costa ◽  
Timothy J. Hibberd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Synchronous Firing ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Intrinsic Neurons

AbstractHow the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) coordinates propulsion of content along the gastrointestinal (GI)-tract has been a major unresolved issue. We reveal a mechanism that explains how ENS activity underlies propulsion of content along the colon. We used a recently developed high-resolution video imaging approach with concurrent electrophysiological recordings from smooth muscle, during fluid propulsion. Recordings showed pulsatile firing of excitatory and inhibitory neuromuscular inputs not only in proximal colon, but also distal colon, long before the propagating contraction invades the distal region. During propulsion, wavelet analysis revealed increased coherence at ~2 Hz over large distances between the proximal and distal regions. Therefore, during propulsion, synchronous firing of descending inhibitory nerve pathways over long ranges aborally acts to suppress smooth muscle from contracting, counteracting the excitatory nerve pathways over this same region of colon. This delays muscle contraction downstream, ahead of the advancing contraction. The mechanism identified is more complex than expected and vastly different from fluid propulsion along other hollow smooth muscle organs; like lymphatic vessels, portal vein, or ureters, that evolved without intrinsic neurons.

scholarly journals Microarray analysis reveals novel gene expression changes associated with erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Sullivan ◽  
Thomas H. Teal ◽  
Ian P. Luttrell ◽  
Khoa B. Tran ◽  
Mette A. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Literature Mining ◽  
Mrna Levels

To investigate the full range of molecular changes associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in Type 1 diabetes, we examined alterations in penile gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and littermate controls. With the use of Affymetrix GeneChip arrays and statistical filtering, 529 genes/transcripts were considered to be differentially expressed in the diabetic rat cavernosum compared with control. Gene Ontology (GO) classification indicated that there was a decrease in numerous extracellular matrix genes (e.g., collagen and elastin related) and an increase in oxidative stress-associated genes in the diabetic rat cavernosum. In addition, PubMatrix literature mining identified differentially expressed genes previously shown to mediate vascular dysfunction [e.g., ceruloplasmin ( Cp), lipoprotein lipase, and Cd36] as well as genes involved in the modulation of the smooth muscle phenotype (e.g., Kruppel-like factor 5 and chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1). Real-time PCR was used to confirm changes in expression for 23 relevant genes. Further validation of Cp expression in the diabetic rat cavernosum demonstrated increased mRNA levels of the secreted and anchored splice variants of Cp. CP protein levels showed a 1.9-fold increase in tissues from diabetic rats versus controls. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated localization of CP protein in cavernosal sinusoids of control and diabetic animals, including endothelial and smooth muscle layers. Overall, this study broadens the scope of candidate genes and pathways that may be relevant to the pathophysiology of diabetes-induced ED as well as highlights the potential complexity of this disorder.

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of Cerebrum With Adipose Tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-266
Author(s):  
Satish Krishnamurthy ◽  
Stephen Kent Powers ◽  
Javad Towfighi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors ◽  
Mature Adipose Tissue ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) of the central nervous system are uncommon embryonal neoplasms, rarely occurring in adults. Differentiation into specific mesenchymal tissues, such as cartilage, bone, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or adipose tissue, is rare. We report a case of a 51-year-old woman with a PNET of cerebrum that showed extensive mature adipose tissue differentiation. This is the second case, to our knowledge, of PNET of cerebrum with adipose tissue elements that has been described.

The role of globins in cardiovascular physiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Steven Keller ◽  
Christophe Lechauve ◽  
Alexander S Keller ◽  
Steven Brooks ◽  
Mitchell J Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
In Cells

Globin proteins exist in every cell type of the vasculature, from erythrocytes to endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and peripheral nerve cells. Many globin subtypes are also expressed in muscle tissues (including cardiac and skeletal muscle), in other organ-specific cell types, and in cells of the central nervous system. The ability of each of these globins to interact with molecular oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) is preserved across these contexts. Endothelial α-globin is an example of extra-erythrocytic globin expression. Other globins, including myoglobin, cytoglobin, and neuroglobin are observed in other vascular tissues. Myoglobin is observed primarily in skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells surrounding the aorta or other large arteries. Cytoglobin is found in vascular smooth muscle but can also be expressed in non-vascular cell types, especially in oxidative stress conditions after ischemic insult. Neuroglobin was first observed in neuronal cells, and its expression appears to be restricted mainly to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Brain and central nervous system neurons expressing neuroglobin are positioned close to many arteries within the brain parenchyma and can control smooth muscle contraction and, thus, tissue perfusion and vascular reactivity. Overall, reactions between NO and globin heme-iron contribute to vascular homeostasis by regulating vasodilatory NO signals and scaveging reactive species in cells of the mammalian vascular system. Here, we discuss how globin proteins affect vascular physiology with a focus on NO biology, and offer perspectives for future study of these functions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document