scholarly journals TURNOVER OF S35-SULFATE IN THE MUCOSA OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF RATS AS SEEN IN AUTORADIOGRAMS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic D. Dziewiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Intense Reaction ◽  
Lower Intestine

Segments of the gastrointestinal tract removed from rats after intervals of time following injection of S35-sulfate were fixed in aqueous formalin and then washed in water. Contact and coated autoradiograms were prepared. The suggestion made by others that more of the labelled sulfate is fixed by the mucosa than by the underlying coats of the gastrointestinal tract is confirmed. In addition it was found that the isotope is fixed to a greater extent in the lower intestine than in the middle or upper portions of it. Coated autoradiograms revealed that 6 hours after administration of S35-sulfate more of the label was present in the goblet cells lying deep in the crypts of the mucosa than in those adjacent to the intestinal lumen. By the 24th hour the concentration of the isotope was strikingly higher and more uniform from cell to cell. The mucus in the intestinal lumen was also highly radioactive. At the end of 48 hours very little of the sulfur-35 remained in the intestinal wall or could be made out in the mucus of the lumen: the autoradiographic reaction was faint and diffuse as contrasted with the punctiform and intense reaction given by the specimens removed at the end of shorter intervals of time.

Histological examination of rat small intestine after surgical removal of obturation small bowel obstruction and peptide stimulation of lymph flow

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
А.А. Коваленко ◽  
Г.П. Титова ◽  
В.К. Хугаева
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
And Function

Оперативное лечение различных заболеваний кишечника сопровождается осложнениями в виде нарушений микроциркуляции в области анастомоза кишки. Ранее нами показана способность лимфостимуляторов пептидной природы восстанавливать нарушенную микроциркуляцию, что послужило основой для настоящего исследования. Цель работы - оценка влияния стимуляции лимфотока в стенке кишки на процессы восстановления микроциркуляции, структуры и функции тонкой кишки в области оперативного вмешательства. Методика. В экспериментах на наркотизированных крысах (хлоралгидрат в дозе 0,6 г/кг в 0,9% растворе NaCl) моделировали различные поражения тонкой кишки (наложение лигатуры, перевязка 1-3 брыжеечных артерий, перекрут петли кишки вокруг оси брыжейки, сочетание нескольких видов повреждений). Резекция поврежденного участка через 1 сут. с последующим созданием тонкокишечного анастомоза завершалась орошением операционного поля раствором пептида-стимулятора лимфотока (40 мкг/кг массы животного в 1 мл 0,9% раствора NaCl). На 7-е сут. после операции проводили гистологическое исследование фрагмента кишки в области анастомоза. Результаты. На 7-е сут. после резекции у выживших животных (летальность вследствие кишечной непроходимости составляла 30%) имеют место морфологические признаки острых сосудистых нарушений стенки кишки, изменений кровеносных и лимфатических микрососудов, интерстициальный отек всех слоев стенки кишки, дилатация просвета кишки, повреждение всасывающего эпителия ворсин с истончением щеточной каемки клеток, морфологические признаки гиперфункции бокаловидных клеток. Использование лимфостимулятора пептидной природы после операции увеличивало выживаемость животных на 24%. У части животных отмечалось уменьшение расширения просвета кишки, у других практически полная его нормализация. Восстанавливалась форма кишечных ворсин и распределение бокаловидных клеток. Отсутствовали признаки внутриклеточного и межмышечного отека. Отмечено умеренное полнокровие венул. Заключение. Использование лимфостимулятора при хирургическом лечении кишечной непроходимости увеличивает выживаемость животных на 24% по сравнению с контролем, способствует более раннему восстановлению структуры и функции тонкой кишки. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования стимуляции лимфотока при операциях на кишечнике. Surgical treatment of bowel diseases is associated with complications that cause microcirculatory disturbances in the anastomosis area and may lead to a fatal outcome. This study was based on our previous finding that peptide-type lymphatic stimulators are able to restore impaired microcirculation. The aim of this work was stimulating the lymph flow in the intestinal wall to facilitate recovery of microcirculation, structure and function of the small intestine in the area of surgical intervention. Methods. In experiments on anesthetized rats (0.6 g/kg chloral hydrate in 0.9% NaCl), various small bowel lesions were modeled (bowel ligation, ligation of 1-3 mesenteric arteries, gut torsion, combination of several lesion types). In 24 h, the damaged area was resected, and a small intestine anastomosis was creased. The surgery was completed with irrigation of the operative field with a solution of lymph flow stimulating peptide (40 мg/kg body weight in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl). A gut fragment from the anastomosis area was examined histologically on day 7 after the surgery. Results. On the 7th day after removing the intestinal obstruction, the surviving animals (lethality 30%) had morphological signs of acute vascular disorders in the intestinal wall; changes in blood and lymphatic microvessels; interstitial edema of all intestinal wall layers; dilatation of the intestinal lumen; damage to the absorptive epithelium of villi with thinning of the brush border, and hyperfunction of mucous (goblet) cells. The use of the peptide after surgery increased the survival rate of animals by 24% and provided a smaller dilatation of the intestinal lumen in some animals. In other animals, the lumen recovered. The shape of intestinal villi and distribution of goblet cells were restored. Signs of intracellular and intermuscular edema were absent. Moderate venular congestion was noticed. Conclusion. Using the lymphatic stimulator in surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction increases the survival rate of animals by 24% compared to the control, facilitates earlier restoration of the small intestine structure and function. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of lymphatic stimulation in intestinal surgery.

scholarly journals The absorption and secretion of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free and conventional chicks

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen F. Palmer ◽  
B. A. Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Distal Site

1. The uptake, transport and secretion of calcium into the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) chicks was determined by a variety of in vivo and in vitro techniques using 45Ca as a marker following a standard fast-feed regimen.2. Following an oral dose of Ca in conscious chicks, the transit time of digesta in the GF birds was appreciably faster than in the CV controls.3. Although the proportion of the Ca dose absorbed was similar in both groups of chicks, the accumulation of Ca in the intestinal wall was much greater in CV birds. Distribution of the labelled Ca in plasma and bone was similar in both groups.4. Following intravenous Ca injection in conscious chicks the Ca secretion into the intestinal lumen was similar in both groups, but the amount appearing in the gut wall was appreciably greater in CV chicks.5. There were regional differences in the ability of the gut to absorb Ca. There was a tendency for Ca uptake to be greater in the GF chicks but only in the proximal ileum did this approach significance.6. When the Ca was confined to an intestinal loop the uptake/g tissue was similar in the proximal ileum of both groups but significantly greater in the distal ileum of the GF group. Uptake/10 mm gut was similar in both groups at both the proximal and the distal site.7. It is suggested that the absence of a microbial load does not affect the ability of the enterocyte to absorb Ca but the subsequent removal of the absorbed load from the intestinal wall is appreciably slower in the CV group.

Effect of Intraduodenal Starch Infusion on Net Portal Absorption of Amino Acids in Growing steers Fed Lucerne

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
C.J. Seal ◽  
D.S. Parker ◽  
J.C. MacRae ◽  
G.E. Lobley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Glucose Availability

Amino acid requirements for energy metabolism and protein turnover within the gastrointestinal tract are substantial and may be met from luminal and arterial pools of amino acids. Several studies have demonstrated that the quantity of amino acids appearing in the portal blood does not balance apparent disappearance from the intestinal lumen and that changing diet or the availability of energy-yielding substrates to the gut tissues may influence the uptake of amino acids into the portal blood (Seal & Reynolds, 1993). For example, increased net absorption of amino acids was observed in animals receiving exogenous intraruminal propionate (Seal & Parker, 1991) and this was accompanied by changes in glucose utilisation by the gut tissues. In contrast, there was no apparent change in net uptake of [l-13C]-leucine into the portal vein of sheep receiving short term intraduodenal infusions of glucose (Piccioli Cappelli et al, 1993). This experiment was designed to further investigate the effects on amino acid absorption of changing glucose availability to the gut with short term (seven hours) or prolonged (three days) exposure to starch infused directly into the duodenum.

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of the protease kallikrein in the colon.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schachter ◽  
M W Peret ◽  
A G Billing ◽  
G D Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽  
The Many

Colon kallikrein was localized in the goblet cells of cat and man by a variety of immunocytochemical techniques. No evidence of this enzyme was found in other sites in this organ. The possible physiological significance of kallikrein in the gastrointestinal tract and of the many related serine proteases is discussed.

scholarly journals Parasitism with Acanthocephalus ranae in frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas 1771), from North-east Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
O. C. Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cylindrical Body ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Pelophylax Ridibundus ◽  
North East ◽  
First Time

SummaryThe present study was carried out on 10 frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), captured near the river Bahlui, Iasi, between April and May, 2019, for the study of digestive helminths and their effect on the digestive tract. Macroscopic examination of the general cavity revealed distension of the small intestine. The sectioning of the intestinal wall revealed a variable number of parasites (1 – 12) with a whitish cylindrical body, anchored in the duodenal mucosa. The morphological study of the parasites confirmed the species as Acantocephalus ranae. The prevalence of the infection was 60 % and the average intensity was 4.83 ± 4.15. Lesions of the small intestine were characterized by catarrhal enteritis, hemorrhagic spots and ulcers on the mucosa, occlusion and obstruction of the intestinal lumen. Histologically, eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate in the glandular crypts, mucosal and submucosal edema, fibrosis and conjunctival hyperplasia, total mucosal atrophy, were found. The infection with Acanthocephalus ranae in Pelophylax ridibundus caused severe pathological changes, conditioned by the intensity of the infection, aspects revealed for the first time in Romania.

scholarly journals An Elusive Bullet in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Rare Case of Bullet Embolism in the Gastrointestinal Tract and a Review of Relevant Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Biswas ◽  
Catherine Price ◽  
Sunil Abrol
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Unique Case

Bullet embolism within the gastrointestinal system is extremely rare. Such bullet injuries are infrequently covered in the general literature, but the surgeon should be aware of the phenomenon. Smaller caliber bullets are more common in civilian gunshot wound (GSW) events. These bullets are able to tumble through the gastrointestinal tract and cause perforation of the intestinal lumen which is small enough to be easily missed. Bullets retained in the abdominal cavity should not be dismissed as fixed and should be carefully monitored to ensure that they do not embolize within the bowel and cause occult lesions during their migration. We present a unique case wherein a bullet caused a minute perforation in the small bowel, before migrating to the distal colon, which resulted in late presentation of sepsis secondary to peritonitis.

Early Colonic Lesions in Experimental Shigella Infection in Rhesus Monkeys: Revisited

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
Columnar Cells

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), given 3 × 108 to 5 × 1010Shigella flexneri 2a orally, developed signs of acute shigellosis within 24 hours. A diffuse acute colitis was well established at 48 hours. The inflammatory reaction was confined to the mucosa. The submucosa showed only edema. The shigellae were found predominantly in the columnar cells of the surface epithelium, less frequently in those of the crypt, and least frequently in the lamina propria. Shigella bacilli invaded the columnar cells from the intestinal lumen. The bacilli multiplied within epithelial cells and spread laterally to adjacent epithelial cells and penetrated the lamina propria. The bacterial invasion affected epithelial cells unevenly and resulted in the disappearance of goblet cells and pyknotic shrinkage of the surface epithelial cells. Epithelial cells had abnormal and accelerated exfoliation which resulted in multifocal epithelial defects. There was a distinct correlation between the quantity of bacilli present in tissues and the intensity of the inflammatory response. The small intestines were spared.

Paneth cell defensins: key effector molecules of innate immunity

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Bevins
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Effector Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Antimicrobial peptides are fundamental effector molecules of innate immunity, utilized in host defence by virtually all organisms studied. These gene-encoded peptides have direct antibiotic activity against a wide range of bacteria and other microbes. In humans and other mammals, defensins are a predominant class of such peptides. In the mammalian small intestine, Paneth cells, specialized secretory epithelial cells located at the base of the crypt invaginations lining the intestinal wall, produce defensins and other antibiotic proteins. Recent investigations in murine models provide compelling support for the hypothesis that enteric defensins play a pivotal role in defence from food- and water-borne pathogens in the intestinal lumen. Investigations by others indicate that intestinal commensal bacteria are key factors in the pathogenesis of IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) in genetically susceptible humans. Recent studies provide evidence that reduced expression of Paneth cell defensins may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of ileal Crohn's disease, a subgroup of IBD. Future studies to further define the function and regulation of Paneth cell defensins will enhance our understanding of normal small bowel physiology, and probably contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the bowel. Such knowledge may provide new therapeutic targets and strategies.

scholarly journals First clinical experiences with a novel endoscopic over-the-scope clip system

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. E151-E156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Dinelli ◽  
Barbara Omazzi ◽  
Paolo Andreozzi ◽  
Nicola Zucchini ◽  
Alessandro Redaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Endocrine Tumor ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
R0 Resection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Endoscopic Full Thickness Resection ◽  
Over The Scope Clip ◽  
Otsc System

AbstractWe describe our experience with a new over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system (Padlock Clip™) in the treatment of 14 patients. Eight of the 14 patients were treated for closure of gastrointestinal fistulas (n = 4), iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations (n = 2), or hemostasis of post-polypectomy bleeding (n = 2). The site of clipping was the lower gastrointestinal tract in five patients and the upper gastrointestinal tract in three patients. The clip was successfully delivered in seven out of the eight patients and clinical success was achieved in all patients. Endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) was performed to treat six patients: four with recurrent adenoma (n = 4), one with ulcerated nodules at ileorectal anastomosis, and one with a neuro-endocrine tumor of the rectum. A complete intestinal wall resection was achieved in three of the six patients (50 %) and an R0 resection in five of the six patients (83.3 %). No complications related to the procedure and no recurrence at endoscopic follow-up were observed in any patient. The novel Padlock Clip seems to be an effective and safe tool to treat gastrointestinal fistulas, perforations or post-polypectomy bleeding, and to perform EFTR.

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