scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO FOREIGN TUMOR TRANSPLANTS IN THE MOUSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Mitchison ◽  
O. L. Dube
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Cytotoxic Action ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Host Tissues

The relation between serum antibody and resistance to tumor homografts in the mouse has been investigated. Production of serum antibody in response to homografts of a transplantable sarcoma (Sarcoma 1) was demonstrated, by cytotoxic action on the cells of the tumor, and also by a hemagglutinin test. The simpler and more repeatable hemagglutinin test was further investigated. Peak hemagglutinin titres were reached after the immunizing homografts underwent breakdown. Following transfer of lymph node cells from immunized mice into hosts of the same strain, hemagglutinin could be detected in the host serum. The course of its production showed that this secondary antibody was not elicited by transferred antigen, nor could it be due to transfer of preformed antibody. The cells developed the capacity to transfer hemagglutinin production later than the power to transfer heightened graft resistance. Spleen cells also transferred hemagglutinin production, at a later stage after immunization and to a lesser extent than cells from the regional lymph nodes. Implantation of the sarcoma in mice pretreated with certain preparations of lyophilized or frozen tissue stimulated hemagglutinin production, although the tumor grew progressively. The regional lymph nodes participated in the response: they could transfer hemagglutinin production into secondary hosts, but not graft resistance, and indeed appeared to diminish resistance. Lymph node cells from immunized donors conferred protection against the tumor on pretreated mice. Lymph nodes from normal donors also appeared in some experiments to confer protection although the effect was obscured by the rapidity with which the growing tumor became immunologically invulnerable. The fate of lymph node cells stained with acriflavine was followed after transfer. No effect of the staining on the power of the cells to confer immunity could be detected. Cells transferred to the peritoneal cavity passed into various host tissues, but were not found in test homografts. The conclusion is drawn that the hemagglutinating antibody is distinct from the antibody effective in combating homografts. The similarity in this respect between the homograft reaction and sensitization is emphasized in discussion.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ANTIGENIC STIMULATION ON INCORPORATION OF PHOSPHATE AND METHIONINE INTO PROTEINS OF ISOLATED LYMPH NODE CELLS

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Kern ◽  
Herman N. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Antigenic Stimulation ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Phosphate Incorporation ◽  
In Cells

Isolated lymph node cells incorporate inorganic orthophosphate into a protein fraction. The phosphorylated product is a phosphoprotein. The rate of phosphate incorporation into phosphoprotein was determined in cells isolated from regional lymph nodes at varying times after antigen injection. The rate was unaltered on the 3rd day, but was enhanced on the 4th day after injection. Parallel results were obtained with L-methionine incorporation into the same gross protein fraction. Possible relationships between antibody formation and the observed enhancement in phosphate incorporation into phosphoprotein are discussed.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO FOREIGN TUMOR TRANSPLANTS IN THE MOUSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Andreini ◽  
M. L. Drasher ◽  
N. A. Mitchison
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Transplantable Tumors ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

A study was made of variation in weight of the host lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus, after implantation of transplantable tumors in susceptible and See PDF for Structure non-susceptible hosts. The lymph nodes and spleens of non-susceptible hosts increased in weight during the period when the organs were participating in the immunological response, though an increase also took place in susceptible hosts. Variations in protein nitrogen and pentose- and desoxypentosenucleic acid of the draining lymph nodes of non-susceptible mice were also studied. The protein nitrogen content increased with the weight of the nodes. Increase in the PNA/DNA ratio occurred while the lymph node cells were engaged in production of antibody. Increase in the PNA/DNA ratio was interpreted as an increase in PNA per cell, and therefore of the rate of protein synthesis.

Immunomorphologic study of regional lymph nodes in cancer: Response of regional lymph node cells from gastric and colorectal cancer to PHA stimulation

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kojima ◽  
Yoshihiro Fujita ◽  
Akimune Oh ◽  
Masakazu Sakita ◽  
Bunzo Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Pha Stimulation

BIOPSY OF THE SIGNALING LYMPH NODES IN GASTRIC CANCER - CURRENT STATUS OF THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Aleksey Karachun ◽  
Yuriy Pelipas ◽  
Oleg Tkachenko ◽  
D. Asadchaya
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Tumor Spread ◽  
Special Value

The concept of biopsy of sentinel lymph node as the first lymph node in the pathway of lymphogenous tumor spread has been actively discussed over the past decades and has already taken its rightful place in breast and melanoma surgery. The goal of this method is to exclude vain lymphadenectomy in patients without solid tumor metastases in regional lymph nodes. In the era of minimally invasive and organ-saving operations interventions it seems obvious an idea to introduce a biopsy of sentinel lymph node in surgery of early gastric cancer. Meanwhile the complexity of lymphatic system of the stomach and the presence of so-called skip metastases are factors limiting the introduction of a biopsy of sentinel lymph node in stomach cancer. This article presents a systematic analysis of biopsy technology of signaling lymph node as well as its safety and oncological adequacy. Based on literature data it seems to us that the special value of biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes in the future will be in the selection of personalized surgical tactics for stomach cancer.

scholarly journals Hepatocellular carcinoma with regional lymphadenopathy caused by sarcoid-like reaction: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Mizota ◽  
Masato Suzuoki ◽  
Saya Kaku ◽  
Kenichi Mizunuma ◽  
Kazuto Ohtaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Epithelioid Cell ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Hepatoduodenal Ligament ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Multiple Imaging

Abstract Background Sarcoid-like reaction (SLR) is a histological pattern of granulomatous inflammation that is clinically differentiated from sarcoidosis. Since SLR is known to occur in several neoplasias and occasionally causes lymphadenopathy and mimics metastatic malignancy, it needs to be considered whether lymphadenopathy is due to metastasis or SLR for the choice of cancer treatment. Few cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with SLR have been reported. Here, a case of HCC with lymphadenopathy diagnosed as SLR without metastasis is presented. Case presentation A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of upper abdominal pain. She tested positive for hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid. Imaging modalities showed an 81 × 65-mm-sized tumor with multiple nodules in segment 3 and a 17 × 12-mm-sized tumor in segment 5 with a common HCC enhancement pattern. In addition, a lymph node in the hepatoduodenal ligament was enlarged at 13 mm in size, suggesting the metastasis of HCC. Hepatectomy of the lateral segment and segment 5 and lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament were performed. Both tumors in segments 3 and 5 were pathologically diagnosed as HCC without vessel invasion. The tumors contained necrotic cells and epithelioid cell granulomas with multinucleated giant cells, which is typically observed in sarcoidosis. The dissected lymph nodes also contained epithelioid cell granulomas, as well as giant cells with asteroid bodies. There was no malignancy in the lymph nodes. The pathological findings suggested the coexistence of malignancy and sarcoidosis. However, since the patient did not show any typical findings of pulmonary or cardiac sarcoidosis, the case was diagnosed as HCC with SLR in the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes. Conclusions SLR needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis when a cancer patient develops lymphadenopathy. However, lymphadenopathy due to SLR is indistinguishable from that due to metastasis even when using multiple imaging modalities. Pathological examinations may be helpful for the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Extended-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy and dosage boost for lymph node metastasis are beneficial for the prognosis of FIGO IIICr and IVA cervical cancer patients with positive regional lymph nodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Zhao ◽  
Gong Li ◽  
Lei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
Concurrent Chemotherapy ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Extended Field

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of extended-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (EF-IMRT) and dosage boost for positive lymph nodes, prognostic factors, treatment failure, and toxicity for Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIICr and IVA cervical cancer patients with positive regional lymph nodes.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 34 patients with stage IIICr and IVA who had received treatment in our institute between 2013 and 2016. Patients with stage IVA cervical cancer who had been enrolled in the analysis all had positive regional lymph nodes (pelvic or/and para-aortic). All 34 patients were treated with EF-IMRT and simultaneously integrated boost-IMRT (SIB-IMRT) for lymph node metastasis with concurrent chemotherapy and brachytherapy. Positive regional lymph nodes (short-axis diameter ≥5 mm in computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) remaining after SIB-IMRT were then treated with sequential boost-IMRT (SeB-IMRT). The prognostic factors for overall survival (OS); disease-free survival (DFS); local control rate (LCR); regional control rate (RCR); distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), including age, FIGO stage, pretreatment hemoglobin (HB) level, tumor size, para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis, point A equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2 dose), concurrent chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy cycles, were analyzed.Results: Complete response (CR) was achieved in 31 (91.2%) patients with acceptable adverse effects. Notably, the three-year OS, DFS, LCR, RCR, DMFS for these patients were 73.5%, 70.6%, 88.1%, 87.9%, and 81.6%, respectively. In particular, the three-year OS, DFS, LCR, RCR, and DMFS of patients with positive PALNs was 41.7%, 33.3%, 65.6%, 72.2%, and 60.2%, respectively. The corresponding values in patients without positive PALNs were 90.9%, 90.9%, 100%, 95.5%, and 90.9%, respectively.Conclusions: Our study suggested that the EF-IMRT and nodal dosage boost decreased regional node failure and that patients with stage IIIC1r and IVA cervical cancer without PALN metastasis who received EF-IMRT and SIB-IMRT with or without SeB-IMRT had a significant survival advantage in terms of the DFS and OS.

scholarly journals Clinical, morphological, and molecular genetic predictors of metastatic lesions in the regional lymph nodes in breast cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Dergunova ◽  
V. V. Podionov ◽  
V. K. Bozhenko ◽  
V. V. Kometova ◽  
M. V. Dardyk
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Genetic Predictors ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
High Degree

Despite the sufficient amount of data accumulated in the literature, there are still no factors, on the basis of which it would be possible to estimate the regional lymph nodes status in breast cancer with a high degree of accuracy. The review presents literature data relating to the influence of clinicopathological, molecular-biological and genetic characteristics of primary tumor on lymph node metastases. Data of 66 foreign and Russian articles are included.

scholarly journals Malignant pheochromocytoma in a pig

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Martínez ◽  
Iván Galindo-Cardiel ◽  
Meritxell Díez-Padrisa ◽  
Emilio I. López-Sabater ◽  
Joaquim Segalés
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Malignant Pheochromocytoma ◽  
Endocrine Tumors ◽  
Neurofilament Protein ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Current Report

Endocrine tumors are rarely observed in pigs, and pheochromocytomas have been only punctually described. The current report describes a white and firm, 15-cm in diameter, neoplastic mass located in the adrenal gland with metastasis to regional lymph nodes in a 2.5-year-old sow. The masses had marked desmoplasia that supported a population of polygonal-to-spindle–shaped neoplastic cells arranged into cords and packets within a delicate fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor was positive for chromogranin and negative for neurofilament protein in adrenal and lymph node masses, which was characteristic of a malignant pheochromocytoma.

Interstitial Mr Lymphography Using Gd-Carrying Liposomes

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (412_suppl) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
B. Misselwitz ◽  
A. Sachse
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Mr Lymphography ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

The detection of metastasis in lymph nodes is greatly enhanced by the use of contrast media. Interstitial injection of lymphography contrast agents requires only injection of a low dose of the agent, and leads to high accumulation in regional lymph nodes with only minor side effects. We were able to show the suitability of liposome-encapsulated gadobutrol as an interstitially injectable lymphography contrast agent in an experimental animal model. For screening of possible lymphotrophic compounds a guinea pig model was used. Accumulation of the contrast agent in 3 successive lymph node groups was determined 4 h after subcutaneous injection of the contrast agent (about 0.1 ml of a 30 mmol Gd/1 solution resulting in a total dose of 10 μmol/kg) into the interdigital skin fold of a hind limb. The Gd concentration in the first lymph node group (popliteal) was 540 μmol/1 (16% dose/g tissue), in the second group (inguinal): 260 μmol/1 (8% dose/g tissue), and in the third group (iliacal): 910 μmol/1 (27% dose/g tissue). Moreover, this compound was completely eliminated and well tolerated.

scholarly journals Differential transcriptomics in sarcoidosis lung and lymph node granulomas with comparisons to pathogen-specific granulomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Casanova ◽  
Manuel L. Gonzalez-Garay ◽  
Belinda Sun ◽  
Christian Bime ◽  
Xiaoguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Genomic Biomarkers ◽  
Genomic Markers ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases

Abstract Rationale Despite the availability of multi-“omics” strategies, insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis have been elusive. This is partly due to the lack of reliable preclinical models and a paucity of validated biomarkers. As granulomas are a key feature of sarcoidosis, we speculate that direct genomic interrogation of sarcoid tissues, may lead to identification of dysregulated gene pathways or biomarker signatures. Objective To facilitate the development sarcoidosis genomic biomarkers by gene expression profiling of sarcoidosis granulomas in lung and lymph node tissues (most commonly affected organs) and comparison to infectious granulomas (coccidiodomycosis and tuberculosis). Methods Transcriptomic profiles of immune-related gene from micro-dissected sarcoidosis granulomas within lung and mediastinal lymph node tissues and compared to infectious granulomas from paraffin-embedded blocks. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were profiled, compared among the three granulomatous diseases and analyzed for functional enrichment pathways. Results Despite histologic similarities, DEGs and pathway enrichment markedly differed in sarcoidosis granulomas from lymph nodes and lung. Lymph nodes showed a clear immunological response, whereas a structural regenerative response was observed in lung. Sarcoidosis granuloma gene expression data corroborated previously reported genomic biomarkers (STAB1, HBEGF, and NOTCH4), excluded others and identified new genomic markers present in lung and lymph nodes, ADAMTS1, NPR1 and CXCL2. Comparisons between sarcoidosis and pathogen granulomas identified pathway divergences and commonalities at gene expression level. Conclusion These findings suggest the importance of tissue and disease-specificity evaluation when exploring sarcoidosis genomic markers. This relevant translational information in sarcoidosis and other two histopathological similar infections provides meaningful specific genomic-derived biomarkers for sarcoidosis diagnosis and prognosis.

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