scholarly journals Antigen-induced co-capping of IgM and IgD-like receptors on murine B cells.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W Goding ◽  
J E Layton
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Surface Immunoglobulins ◽  
Old Mice

Double fluorescence studies indicated that most mature lymphocytes of 11-52-wk-old mice possess both IgM and IgD-like surface immunoglobulins, while spleen cells from neonatal mice possess surface IgM only. These molecules cap independently with class-specific antisera, but co-cap when capping is induced by antigen. It is proposed that the two heavy chains on individual lymphocytes possess similar or identical antigen-combining sites.

scholarly journals The "Ly-1 B" cell subpopulation in normal immunodefective, and autoimmune mice.

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hayakawa ◽  
R R Hardy ◽  
D R Parks ◽  
L A Herzenberg
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Normal Mouse ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cell Surface Molecules ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Small Subpopulation

A small subpopulation of normal murine splenic B cells carrying all of the classic B cells markers (IgM, IgD, Ia, and ThB) also carries Ly-1, one of the major T cell surface molecules. This "Ly-1 B" subpopulation (identified and characterized by multiparameter FACS analyses) consists of relatively large, high IgM/low-IgD/low-Ly-1 lymphocytes that represent approximately 2% of the spleen cells in normal animals and, generally, 5-10% of spleen cells in NZB mice. Ly-1 B are clearly detectable in all normal mouse strains tested as well as NZB, CBA/N, other X-id mice and nude (nu/nu) mice. They are found primarily in the spleen; are either absent or very poorly represented in lymph node, bone marrow, and thymus; appear early during ontogeny, and comprise about a third of the small number of lymphocytes present in 5-d-old mice. NZB and (NZB x NZW)F1 mice have more Ly-1 B than all other strains and, furthermore, have a unique Ly-1 B population that secretes IgM when cultured under usual conditions in the absence of added antigen. The IgM secretion by these Ly-1 B cells accounts for the previously reported "spontaneous" IgM secretion by NZB spleen cells in culture. Studies with FACS-sorted cells show that the presence of Ly-1 on these IgM-secreting cells distinguishes them from the (Ly-1 negative) IgM-secreting "direct" plaque-forming cells generated in NZB mice after stimulation with sheep erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Immunological responsiveness of neonatal A/J mice to isotypic determinants of syngeneic IgE.

1988 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Haba ◽  
A Nisonoff
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Adoptive Transfer ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Tolerant State

We have previously shown that adult A/J mice produce high titers of anti-IgE with isotypic or idiotypic specificities in response to challenge with a conjugate of KLH with syngeneic monoclonal IgE. Thus, B cells that can synthesize anti-IgE are present in the mice. Adult mice are unresponsive to unconjugated IgE in CFA, suggesting that tolerance exists at the level of T cells. The present study shows that neonatal mice produce anti-IgE antibodies in response to unconjugated IgE in CFA, but that this capacity is lost after the age of 2-3 wk. The loss of responsiveness corresponds closely with the appearance of detectable IgE in serum, suggesting that the IgE may induce tolerance. The affinities of anti-IgE antibodies produced by neonatal mice fall in the range of values obtained with KLH-IgE in adult mice. Tolerance to unconjugated IgE in CFA can be induced in neonatal mice by administration of IgE in saline. In addition, the tolerant state can be induced by adoptive transfer of spleen cells from adult mice. The time-dependent acquisition of tolerance provides a useful model for studying mechanisms of tolerance and autoimmunity.

scholarly journals Antigen-Independent Selection of T15 Idiotype During B-Cell Ontogeny In Mice

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenal Vakil ◽  
David E. Briles ◽  
John F. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Priming Activity

Precursors of B cells capable of responding to a T-independent form of phosphorylcholine (PC) in splenic focus assays were detected in the spleens of neonatal mice as early as 4 days after birth. The earliest anti-PC B cells were T15-. T15+foci-forming B cells were first detected 6 days after birth and expanded rapidly to constitute greater than 80% of the total PC-specific foci by day 10. Injection of heat-killedS. pneumoniae(R36A) into neonatal mice resulted in priming of the antibody response to PC, with an idiotype profile reflecting that of precursors of foci-forming B cells at the time of antigen administration. Priming of 2-dayold mice with 2 X106and 2 X107R36A induced a five- and ten-fold increase in the antibody response to phosphorylcholine 6 to 8 weeks later. However, only 10 to 15% of the serum antibodies expressed the normally dominant T15 idiotype. Doses below 2 x105R36A showed no detectable priming activity. PC-specific hybridomas derived from mice injected with 2 X107R36A 2 days after birth lacked the idiotypic and molecular characteristics typical of T15+antibodies. Antibodies to phosphorylcholine, raised by immunization of 6-week-old mice are normally protective against pneumococcal infection. However, serum antibodies from mice treated with R36A 2 days after birth and responding to phosphorylcholine following challenge with R36A at 6 weeks of age failed to protect against deliberate infection with virulentS. pneumoniae. These observations imply that the antigen phosphorylcholine does not play a role in the selective expansion and dominant expression of the T15 idiotype.

scholarly journals Hyper‐metabolic B cells in the spleens of old mice make antibodies with autoimmune specificities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Frasca ◽  
Maria Romero ◽  
Denisse Garcia ◽  
Alain Diaz ◽  
Bonnie B. Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Autoimmune Antibodies ◽  
B Cell Subsets ◽  
Old Mice

Abstract Background Aging is associated with increased intrinsic B cell inflammation, decreased protective antibody responses and increased autoimmune antibody responses. The effects of aging on the metabolic phenotype of B cells and on the metabolic programs that lead to the secretion of protective versus autoimmune antibodies are not known. Methods Splenic B cells and the major splenic B cell subsets, Follicular (FO) and Age-associated B cells (ABCs), were isolated from the spleens of young and old mice and left unstimulated. The RNA was collected to measure the expression of markers associated with intrinsic inflammation and autoimmune antibody production by qPCR. B cells and B cell subsets were also stimulated with CpG and supernatants collected after 7 days to measure autoimmune IgG secretion by ELISA. Metabolic measures (oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate and glucose uptake) were performed using a Seahorse XFp extracellular flux analyzer. Results Results have identified the subset of ABCs, whose frequencies and numbers increase with age and represent the most pro-inflammatory B cell subset, as the cell type mainly if not exclusively responsible for the expression of inflammatory markers and for the secretion of autoimmune antibodies in the spleen of old mice. Hyper-inflammatory ABCs from old mice are also hyper-metabolic, as compared to those from young mice and to the subset of FO B cells, a feature needed not only to support their higher expression of RNA for inflammatory markers but also their higher autoimmune antibody secretion. Conclusions These results identify a relationship between intrinsic inflammation, metabolism and autoimmune B cells and suggest possible ways to understand cellular mechanisms that lead to the generation of pathogenic B cells, that are hyper-inflammatory and hyper-metabolic, and secrete IgG antibodies with autoimmune specificities.

scholarly journals A MOUSE B-CELL ALLOANTIGEN DETERMINED BY GENE(S) LINKED TO THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Sachs ◽  
James L. Cone
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

Antibodies cytotoxic for only a subpopulation of C57Bl/10 lymph node and spleen cells were detected when rat antiserum against B10.D2 was exhaustively absorbed with B10.A lymphocytes. Antibodies of similar specificity were also detected in B10.A anti-B10.D2 and in B10.A anti-C57Bl/10 alloantisera. Reactions with recombinant strains of mice indicate that the cell-surface antigen(s) responsible for this specificity is determined by gene(s) in or to the left of the Ir-1 region of the major histocompatibility complex. A variety of criteria implicate B cells as the subpopulation of lymphocytes bearing this antigen. In view of these data and the recent report by others of a T-cell alloantigen determined by gene(s) in the major histocompatibility complex, it seems possible that there may be a variety of H-2-linked alloantigens expressed preferentially on subclasses of lymphocytes.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF A HEMOLYSIN RESPONSE IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ulrich Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Chimeras

Spleen cells of bone marrow chimeras (B cells) and of irradiated mice injected with thymus cells and heterologous erythrocytes (educated T cells) were mixed and cultured together (17). The number of PFC developing in these cultures was dependent both on the concentration of the B cells and of the educated T cells. In excess of T cells the number of developing PFC is linearly dependent on the number of B cells. At high concentrations of T cells more PFC developed; the increase in the number of PFC was greatest between the 3rd and 4th day of culture. Increased numbers of educated T cells also assisted the development of PFC directed against the erythrocytes. It is concluded that the T cells not only play a role during the triggering of the precursor cells but also during the time of proliferation of the B cells; close contact between B and T cells seems to be needed to allow the positive activity of the T cells.

scholarly journals Immunologic properties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). II. The unresponsiveness of C3H/HeJ Mouse spleen cells to LPS-induced mitogenesis is dependent on the method used to extract LPS.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 1488-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Skidmore ◽  
D C Morrison ◽  
J M Chiller ◽  
W O Weigle
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mitogenic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Destructive Effect

The C3H/HeJ mouse strain, previously shown to be a nonresponder to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitogenesis in vitro, was demonstrated by the present studies to be competent to respond mitogenically to LPS, but only to LPS preparations obtained by selected extraction methods. These preparations appear to be confined to LPS isolated by mild extraction techniques, such as TCA or butanol. In contrast, those obtained by techniques utilizing phenol were only weakly stimulatory or completely nonstimulatory for spleen cells from the C3H/HeJ. All LPS preparations tested, on the other hand, were highly stimulatory for cells from another mouse strain, namely the C3H/St. The critical importance of the method of extraction of LPS on its mitogenic activity for C3H/HeJ cells was stressed by experiments in which LPS was prepared from Escherichia coli K235 using either of two procedures. In these experiments, phenol-extracted LPS, although mitogenic in the C3H/St, was completely nonstimulatory in the C3H/HeJ; whereas, butanol-extracted LPS was highly stimulatory in both strains of mice. This striking difference was attributed to a destructive effect of phenol on LPS, as demonstrated by the fact that treatment of butanol LPS with phenol resulted in a total loss of its mitogenic activity in the C3H/HeJ, but in only a partial loss in the C3H/St. In general, the mitogenic response observed with selected LPS preparations in the C3H/HeJ was quantitatively lower and more transient than that seen with the C3H/St, although qualitatively these responses appeared to be similar. This was evidenced by the observation that in both mouse strains LPS was a specific mitogen for B cells, a property which was also attributed in both strains to the same distinct structural region of the LPS molecule, that is lipid A. A preparation of LPS that failed to stimulate B cells from the C3H/HeJ nonetheless had the capacity to block activation of these B cells by a stimulatory preparation of LPS. These results strongly suggest that mitogenic stimulation of B cells by LPS is a function of the structural integrity of both the LPS molecule and putative B-cell receptors for LPS.

Genomic deletion of the whole IgH 3′ regulatory region (hs3a, hs1,2, hs3b, and hs4) dramatically affects class switch recombination and Ig secretion to all isotypes

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1895-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Vincent-Fabert ◽  
Remi Fiancette ◽  
Eric Pinaud ◽  
Véronique Truffinet ◽  
Nadine Cogné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Class Switch Recombination ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Plasma Cell Differentiation ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Class Switch ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Abstract The immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IgH) undergoes multiple changes along B-cell differentiation. In progenitor B cells, V(D)J assembly allows expression of μ heavy chains. In mature B cells, class switch recombination may replace the expressed constant (C)μ gene with a downstream CH gene. Finally, plasma cell differentiation strongly boosts IgH transcription. How the multiple IgH transcriptional enhancers tune these changes is unclear. Here we demonstrate that deletion of the whole IgH 3′ regulatory region (3′RR) allows normal maturation until the stage of IgM/IgD expressing lymphocytes, but nearly abrogates class switch recombination to all CH genes. Although plasma cell numbers are unaffected, we reveal the role of the 3′RR into the transcriptional burst normally associated with plasma cell differentiation. Our study shows that transcriptional changes and recombinations occurring after antigen-encounter appear mainly controlled by the 3′RR working as a single functional unit.

scholarly journals Activation of V kappa gene rearrangement in pre-B cells follows the expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin heavy chains.

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3299-3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reth ◽  
E. Petrac ◽  
P. Wiese ◽  
L. Lobel ◽  
F. W. Alt
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Gene Rearrangement ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Membrane Bound
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document